Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, macroangiopathy ndi neuropathy. Matenda a neurotrophic amatsogolera zilonda pakhungu la miyendo ndikuphwanya pang'ono umphumphu wake. Ndi kukula kwa matendawo, mafupa ndi mafupa amakhudzidwa ndi njirayo, gangrene amakula. Palibe momwe wodwala matenda ashuga angachiritsidwire ndi mankhwala amchikhalidwe, ngati zizindikiro zazing'ono za matendawo zimawonekera, onetsetsani kuti mukumane ndi dokotala kuti akuthandizeni oyenerera.
Zolemba
- 1 Chifukwa chiyani phazi la matenda ashuga limayamba
- 2 Zizindikiro zoyambira ndi chizindikiro
- 3 Gulu la odwala matenda ashuga
- 4 Kuzindikira
- 5 Kuchiza matendawa
- 5.1 Woteteza
- 5.2 Opaleshoni
- 5.3 Zithandizo zatsopano
- 6 Kupewa
- Kusamalira Mapazi
- 8 Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi
- 9 nsapato zamatsenga
- 10 Zotsogola
Chifukwa chiyani phazi la matenda ashuga limayamba?
Kukula kwa phazi la matenda ashuga kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga a zaka 15 mpaka 20 ndi kupezeka kwa zovuta zina zomwe zimawoneka chifukwa chobwezerera bwino mtundu wa 2 kapena matenda ashuga a 1.
Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimathandizira pakuwonekera kwa matenda awa ndi:
- Kugonjetsedwa kwamitsempha yamagazi yam'munsi yotsika - hyperglycemia yomwe imatenga nthawi yayitali imabweretsa kusintha kwamapangidwe amitsempha yamagazi yama calibers osiyanasiyana.
- A Diabetes Angiopathy ndi Neuropathy - kusintha m'matumbo kumayambitsa kutsika kwa kutanuka kwawo, patency, komanso kusokonekera ndikuchulukitsa kwamaso a magazi. Zotsatira zamitsempha yama mtima, pamakhala kuchepa, kenako kutayika kwathunthu kwa mathero a mitsempha. Njira izi zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magwiridwe osakanikirana, zomwe zimabweretsa katundu wolakwika pamapazi. M'tsogolomu, kusinthika kwake komanso kukula kwa matenda a shuga kapena phazi la Charcot kumachitika.
- Bacteria matenda - motsutsana ndi kusinthika kwa kusintha kwa ma neurotrophic mu minofu yofewa, komanso kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira, kuvulala kulikonse pakhungu kumayambitsa njira yotupa yomwe imakhala yovuta kuchiza ndipo simachira kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri mabala amatenga kachilombo ka staphylococcus kapena anaerobic, komwe kumayambitsa kufalikira kwa njirayi ndikupanga necrosis. Pankhaniyi, pamakhala ngozi ya abscess, phlegmon kapena gangrene.
Misomali ya Ingrown, chimanga, ming'alu zidendene kapena zotupa za msomali zimatha kuyambitsanso kukula kwa phazi la matenda ashuga.
Zizindikiro zoyambira ndi chizindikiro
Kuwoneka kwa kusintha kulikonse pakhungu la miyendo kapena maula a msomali, komanso kuchepa kwamvekedwe, ndi chizindikiro chosavomerezeka pokhudzana ndi kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga.
Zizindikiro zoyambira zokhala ndi matenda ashuga:
- kuchepa kapena kusapezeka kwa mitundu yonse yazomverera (tactile, ululu, kutentha);
- kusasangalatsa mu nsapato zodziwika bwino komanso zam'mbuyomu;
- kapangidwe ka chimanga ndi chimanga;
- mawonekedwe a msomali wovomerezeka;
- khungu la msomali;
- kutupa ndi kusinthasintha mapazi popanda chifukwa chodziwika;
- khungu louma, limodzi ndi msambo;
- zomverera zosasangalatsa m'miyendo mu mawonekedwe a kumva kulira, dzanzi, kumverera kwa "kukwawa."
Chizindikiro pakati pa matenda am'munsi mwa matenda a shuga ndi kupezeka kwa ma callus osachiritsika, ming'alu ya pakhungu kapena zilonda zam'munsi. Ngati matenda atheka, njirayi imasinthidwa ndi kutulutsa kwa purulent, limodzi ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
Kupweteka kwakanthawi mwendo, kukulitsidwa ndi katundu, kusinthanitsa mawu, kumakhala cholepheretsa mayendedwe ogwira ntchito. Kuphwanya magazi m'mapazi kumayambitsa kutupa kwa dzanja, chifukwa khungu la mwendo limapeza kuwala pang'ono komanso kuwala. Kunenepa, kugundana miyendo kumakhala kwamuyaya.
Nthawi zina, popanda chithandizo chamankhwala osakwanira kapena chosakwanira, njirayi ikhoza kukhala yovuta kwambiri ndi kukula kwa phazi la Charcot, momwe mumakhala chiwonongeko chopita patsogolo cha zolumikizana zazing'ono za phazi ndi chifuwa. Njira ya pathological iyi siyopatsirana komanso mbali imodzi.
Gulu la odwala matenda ashuga
Kutengera kufalikira kwa zizindikiro zina zamankhwala, mitundu yotsatirayi imasiyanitsidwa ndikugawika kwamiyendo ya matenda ashuga:
- Fomu ya Ischemic (mpaka 10% ya milandu) - Chizindikiro chachikulu ndicho kuphwanya magazi mu phazi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ya calibers osiyanasiyana. Mu chipatala cha matendawa, zizindikiro zimafotokozedwa ngati kupsinjika kwamiyendo kumapazi, kupweteka m'miyendo, kulumikizana pakati, kuthamanga kwamiyendo, kusinthika kwa khungu. Pali kufooka kapena kusowa kwa kukoka pa phazi, komanso kusasinthasintha komanso kumva kuzizira. Kuzindikira kumakhalabe kosungidwa.
- Fomu la Neuropathic (mpaka 75% ya milandu) - kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya m'mphuno kumapangitsa kuti khungu lizipuma komanso kutsekeka kwa khungu la kumapazi, kuchepa mphamvu, kutsika kwambiri, thukuta, kukula kwa phazi lathyathyathya komanso kuphwanya mapazi. Chizindikiro cha matenda amtunduwu ndi kupezeka kwa ma scuffs ndi ming'alu yakuya phazi, mawonekedwe a zilonda pa iye kapena m'malo pakati pa zala. Khungu limakhala lotentha, kupukusira kwamitsempha yamafinya kumasungidwa. Kusintha kwa phazi, limodzi ndi atrophy ya minofu, kumadziwika.
- Mtundu wosakanikirana wa neuroischemic (mpaka 30% ya milandu) - Zizindikiro zowonongeka kumapeto kwa mitsempha ndi mtima wama phazi. Fomuyi ili ndi mawonekedwe owopsa - kusowa kwa ululu, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha chithandizo chakanthawi kwa odwala kupita kwa dokotala. Kupezeka kwa chilonda chachikulu ndikukula kwa njira zosasinthika mu minofu imapangitsa kusungidwa kwa matenda a matenda osagwira ntchito.
Gulu la Wagner F. W Diabetesic Phazi:
- siteji zero - mawonetseredwe akunja a matendawa amadziwika mu mawonekedwe a pallor a khungu la miyendo, limodzi ndi peeling, kukhalapo kwa chimanga ndi kupindika kwa phazi;
- Gawo 1 - mawonekedwe a zilonda zapamwamba pakhungu;
- Gawo lachiwiri - kukula kwa zilonda zakuya popanda kuwonongeka kwa minofu;
- Gawo lachitatu - kukula kwa dongosolo la zilonda zamkati ndi kukhudzidwa kwa mafupa;
- Gawo 4 - chitukuko cha zigawenga zomwe zimakhala zochepa;
- Gawo 5 - kukhazikitsa njira yowonjezera ya zigawenga.
Zizindikiro
Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa phazi la matenda ashuga kumakhazikitsidwa pakuyang'ana kwa wodwalayo, pomwe chikhalidwe ndi kukula kwa zotupa zimatsimikizika. Kuti mumvetse bwino za matendawa, labotale, mayeso ogwiritsira ntchito amalembedwa, komanso kufunsira kwa akatswiri, kuphatikiza:
- kuwunika kwa magazi ndi mkodzo;
- shuga m'magazi ndi glycosylated hemoglobin;
- chemistry yamagazi a lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides;
- bacteric inoculation ya zilonda zopezeka kuti azindikire tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chidwi ndi mankhwala;
- radiography ya phazi m'magawo awiri;
- ultrasound dopplerography yamitsempha yama m'munsi yam'munsi;
- kufunsira kwa katswiri wa zamitsempha, endocrinologist, orthopedist, opaleshoni yamatumbo, opaleshoni yayikulu.
Pambuyo poyezetsa kwathunthu, kufufuza komaliza kumapangidwa ndipo njira ya chithandizo imayikidwa poganizira mawonekedwe amunthu.
Kuchiza matenda
Njira zochizira ndizofunikira kuyimitsa kupitilira kwa njira ya pathological. Kutengera ndi gawo la nthendayo ndikuwonetsedwa m'mankhwala, mankhwalawa amatha kuchitika ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zonse zowonjezera komanso chithandizo chamankhwala opaleshoni.
Zodzikongoletsa
Conservative chithandizo cha matenda ashuga amayamba ndi kuvomerezedwa kukonza kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, pofuna kukhalabe ndi shuga wamagazi. Malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa matenda a shuga 1, kusintha kwa insulin kumachitika. Mtundu 2 wa shuga, kuwonjezeka kwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga + ndi mankhwala a insulin.
Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi zimakonzedwanso, kuti zikhale zovuta momwe magulu otsatirawa a mankhwala amagwiritsidwira ntchito:
- beta-blockers - Nevibolol, Carvedilol;
- Zoletsa za ACE - Berlipril, Captopril;
- olimbana ndi calcium - Corinfar, Nicardipine;
- okodzetsa - Hypothiazide, Indapamide.
Kutengera ndi gawo la matendawa, mankhwalawa amathandizira odwala matenda ashuga odwala matenda osiyanasiyana. M'magawo oyamba a phazi la odwala matenda ashuga, njira zochizira ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse kupweteka, kuchepetsa kuphipha, komanso kukonza minyewa. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwalawa akutsatiridwa:
- antispasmodics ndi omasuka a minofu omwe amachepetsa ululu - Papaverine, Drotaverin;
- zotupa zam'mimba kapena angioprotectors omwe amasintha ma microcirculation ndi metabolism mu zimakhala - Pentoxifylline, Venoruton;
- antioxidants omwe amasintha kagayidwe kazakudya ndipo amalepheretsa njira zophatikiza ndi okosijeni - Lipoic acid, Tocopherol;
- mankhwala omwe amabwezeretsa khoma la mtima - Troxerutin, Detralex;
- ma anti-sipekitiramu ambiri - Cephalosporins, Macrolides;
- detoxification mankhwala - mtsempha wa magazi makonzedwe osiyanasiyana;
- mankhwala olimbitsa;
- vitamini mankhwala.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi zotupa za purulent-necrotic za phazi ndikutsitsa kwake pamodzi ndi chithandizo chakumaloko. Pachifukwa ichi, nsapato zapadera zamtundu wamatumbo kapena ma insoles, ndodo, chikuku chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kupsinjika ku dzanja lanu.
Chithandizo cha zilonda zam'deralo zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma antibacterial osiyanasiyana, antiseptic othandizira komanso kuvala kwapadera kwa hydrogel kwa bala. Ndikofunikanso kuchotsa chimanga ndi chimanga pozungulira zilonda, zomwe zimachepetsa katundu pamapazi opweteka.
Opaleshoni
Mankhwala othandizira odwala a phazi la matenda ashuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati palibe zotsatira zochizira, komanso zizindikilo zofunika pakukula kwa phazi logini ndipo njirayi imafalikira mpaka kumiyendo.
Kuchita opaleshoni yamatumbo kumakulolani kuti muimitse kupititsa patsogolo kwa matendawa ndikubwezeretsa thanzi labwino la minofu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti machiritso akhungu apangidwe msanga. Njira zofala kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'magazi a shuga ndi izi:
- Opaleshoni yam'mimba - kupanga zina zowonjezera kuti magazi azigwira ntchito ngati akuyika.
- Balloon angioplasty - kukhazikitsidwa kwa baluni yapadera mu chotengera chake chopapatiza, chomwe pamakina chimathandizira kukulitsa kwake ndikubwezeretsa kutuluka kwa magazi. Pambuyo pake, stents imayikidwa mu chotengera chobwezeretsedwa, ndiko kuti, chitsulo chachitsulo chomwe chimalepheretsa chombo kuti chisachepetse.
- Sympathectomy - kuchotsedwa kwa mitsempha ina mu msana wa lumbar, womwe umayambitsa kuphipha kwamankhwala. Njira iyi ndi yovuta pakukonza kwaudokotala ndipo sikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazowonetsa zina.
Kuphatikiza pa kuchitapo kanthu kwa opaleshoni yamtunduwu, pochiza mabala pamiyendo, opaleshoni "yaying'ono" imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti, kuchotsa ziwalo za necrotic, chimanga, chimanga chokhala ndi scalpel. Ntchito zoterezi ndizofunikira kuyeretsa bala ndi kupewa kufalikira kwa kachilonda.
Pambuyo pa kulowererapo, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni ya mtima. Koma ngati njira yofalitsira matenda osokoneza bongo singathe kuyimitsidwa, ndiye kuti phazi lonse limadulidwa.
Chithandizo chatsopano
Kuphatikiza pa njira zachikhalidwe zochizira matenda ashuga, madokotala akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zaposachedwa zamankhwala monga:
- mankhwalawa amanjenje - mankhwalawa amachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ziphuphu;
- kugwiritsa ntchito masentimita a tsinde;
- plasma jet njira - chilonda amathandizidwa ndi mtengo wopangidwa ndi plasma ya ion;
- mankhwalawa amachiza mabala.
Kusankhidwa kwamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zonse kumatsimikiziridwa ndi katswiri, kukumbukira cholinga cha deta, gawo la chitukuko cha matenda a pathological ndi machitidwe a thupi.
Kupewa
Odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira malamulo ena kuti aletse kukula kwa matenda ashuga awa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwatsatanetsatane kwa njira zina zopewera kukhazikitsidwa kwa phazi la matenda ashuga kupewa kupewa matenda amtunduwu ngakhale mwa matenda oopsa a shuga. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Kuyang'anitsitsa mapazi mokwanira, kuphatikiza malo ofunikira magawo awiri.
- Kuchotsa kwakanthawi chimanga ndi chimanga, pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta apadera ndi mafuta.
- Kuyang'anira mwatsatanetsatane kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
- Kumwa pafupipafupi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga la magazi.
- Kutsatira zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muchepetse kudya zakudya zamafuta.
- Kusiya kusuta fodya komanso mowa.
- Onani mosamala kuti muchepetse kuvulala kwamapazi.
- Kusungabe moyo wokangalika.
Kutsatira njira zosavuta zopewera kupewa kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta monga phazi la matenda ashuga.
Kusamalira miyendo
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo sayenera kungoyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso amasamalira mapazi awo, chifukwa matenda ashuga amapereka zovuta kwambiri zomwe zingayambitse kulumala. Njira yofunikira kwambiri yopewera kusamalira ndi kusamalira mapazi, ili ndi njira zotsatirazi:
- Amasankhidwa kuti aziyenda popanda nsapato kulikonse, kuphatikiza nyumba. Izi zimapewa kuvulazidwa kosiyanasiyana, popeza ngakhale paresis yaying'ono kapena jakisoni pa mwendo amatha kusintha kukhala vuto lalikulu.
- Ngati miyendo ikuzizira, pamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito masokosi amkaka. Nthawi yomweyo, zotanuka siziyenera kumangiriza mwendo wapansi kuti zisasokoneze kufalitsa kwaulere. Kugwiritsa ntchito chotenthetsera phazi sikumaphatikizidwa, chifukwa ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi kupsa kwa khungu kwamapazi ndikotheka.
- Onetsetsani kuti mwatsuka mapazi anu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madzi otentha, kenako kupukuta kwathunthu, makamaka m'malo otetezedwa.
- Kuthira tsiku ndi tsiku mapazi ndi mafuta apadera okhala ndi urea, kupatula kukonza pakati pa zala.
- Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri pamiyendo pambuyo pa njira zamadzi, kugwiritsa ntchito talcum ufa kapena ufa wa ana ndikulimbikitsidwa.
- Kudula kwa misomali ndi lumo kapena mafinya kumasiyidwa kuti tipewe kuvulala pakhungu. Poterepa, fayilo ya msomali wagalasi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso misomali, makamaka chidwi ndi ngodya za mbale ya msomali.
- Chithandizo cha zidendene, chimanga chowuma kapena chimanga chikuyenera kuchitika kokha mothandizidwa ndi ma pumice kapena mafayilo azodzikongoletsa. Kukhazikika koyambirira kwa miyendo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera ndi plasters pochotsa chimanga sichimaphatikizidwa.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndikofunikira, chifukwa samangothandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kuwonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi. Choyamba, ndikutuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, masewera otsatirawa amapereka zotsatira zabwino:
- ski;
- kusambira;
- masewera a badminton;
- masewera a tennis ya tebulo.
Malangizo apadera olimbitsa thupi olimbitsa thupi ayenera kusankhidwa kokha ndi dokotala wamankhwala olimbitsa thupi, poganizira momwe wodwalayo alili komanso gawo la chitukuko cha zovuta za matenda ashuga. Kukhazikitsa kwa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera katundu ndi nthawi yamakalasi.
Kuphatikiza kwabwino kwa zovuta zamagetsi olimbitsa thupi ndi njira zoyeserera, zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi katswiri. Njira iyi yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga imapereka zotsatira zabwino pokhudzana ndi kukonza thanzi la wodwala.
Nsapato zamatumbo
Nsapato kwa odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunika zapadera, chifukwa zimalepheretsa kuchepa kwamtundu wa moyo, womwe ndi kupewa kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga. Zovala zamatsamba zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe awo, omwe amawonetsedwa motengera:
- kusowa kwa gawo lovuta m'dera lala;
- okhazikika (okhazikika okhazikika);
- kusowa kwa seams mkati mwa nsapato;
- voliyumu yowonjezera yamkati mkati mwa nsapato zamatumbo a orthopedic, omwe amasankhidwa ndi katswiri poganizira mtundu wa momwe amapangira matenda;
- Zipangizo zapamwamba kwambiri zopangira nsapato, kuphatikizapo kumaliza mkati ndi zida zomwe zimamwa kuti zisalephere kupindika.
Ziwonetsero
Chithandizo chanthawi yoyambira, kukhazikitsa madongosolo onse a dokotala pakuyambitsa matenda a matenda ashuga, kumapereka chidziwitso cha moyo wabwino komanso momwe wodwalayo athe kugwira ntchito. Koma ngati njirayi ikulowerera kwambiri ndikupanga zilonda zakuya, matendawa amakhala osavomerezeka, chifukwa nthawi zambiri kuphwanya kotere kumapangitsa wodwala kudwala.