Matendawa sikuti ndi chinthu chatsopano cha chitukuko chamakono, amadziwika kale. Koma sitikhala opanda maziko ndipo titembenukira ku mbiri ya matenda ashuga. M'zaka za zana la 19 pakufukula kwa Theban necropolis (manda), gumbwa adapezeka, tsiku lomwe ndi 1500 BC. George Ebers (1837-1898), katswiri wotchuka ku Egypt, adatanthauzira ndikutanthauzira; pomupatsa ulemu, monga amachita, natcha papulu. Ebers anali munthu wodabwitsa: ali ndi zaka 33 adatsogola kale ku department of Egyptology ku University of Leipzig, ndipo kenako adatsegula Museum of Egypt Antiquities kumeneko. Sanalemba mabuku angapo asayansi okha, komanso mabuku olemba mbiri yabwino kwambiri - Ward ndi ena. Koma mwina ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri ndikupanga buku la Theban.
Kulembako, kwa nthawi yoyamba, dzina la matenda omwe nkhaniyi yaperekedwa, pomwe titha kunena kuti madokotala aku Egypt zaka zoposa 3,000 zapitazo amatha kusiyanitsa zisonyezo zake. M'midzi yakutali iyi, dzikolo lidalamulidwa ndi Thutmose III, yemwe adalanda Syria, Palestine ndi Kush (tsopano Sud). Zikuwonekeratu kuti ndizosatheka kupambana zigonjetso zambiri popanda gulu lamphamvu, lomwe limakonda kuchulukana ndikupeza mphamvu. Akapolo ambiri, golide ndi zodzikongoletsera anasanduka chofunkha cha Aigupto, koma pokhudzana ndi mutu wazokambirana zathu, china chake ndichofunikira: ngati pali nkhondo zambiri, ndiye kuti kuvulala ndi kufa sizitha.
Onse a Thutmose III, ndi omwe adalowa m'malo mwake kuchokera ku ma dynasties, ma farao, adakondwera kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala, ndipo makamaka opaleshoni: m'dziko lonselo amafuna anthu oyenera, kuwaphunzitsa, koma panali ntchito yambiri kwa madotolo: Nkhondo zamagazi zimachitika pafupifupi nthawi zonse.
Zipembedzo za anthu akufa, zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka ku Egypt, zimachitanso mbali yofunika - matupi anaumitsidwa, motero amakhala ndi mwayi wophunzira kapangidwe ka ziwalo zamkati. Madokotala ena samangokhala mchitidwe wokha, komanso mu malingaliro, iwo amafotokoza zomwe apenya, amapanga kulingalira, amapanga lingaliro. Gawo la ntchito yawo yatifikira (chifukwa cha akatswiri ofukula za m'mabwinja ndi omasulira!), Kuphatikiza gumbwa, komwe amatchulapo za matenda ashuga.
Pambuyo pake, atatembenuza kale komanso nyengo yatsopano, Aulus Cornelius Celsus, yemwe adakhala mu nthawi ya mfumu Tiberius, adalongosola za matendawo mwatsatanetsatane. Malinga ndi wasayansiyo, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi kulephera kwa chakudya chamkati kupukusa chakudya moyenera, ndipo adawona kuti kukodza kwakukulu ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa.
Mawu oti, omwe matendawa amatchedwa lero, adayambitsidwa ndi ochiritsa Arethus. Amachokera ku liwu lachi Greek "diabaino", lomwe limatanthawuza "kudutsa." Kodi ma Ashus amatanthauza chiyani popereka dzina lachirendo motere? Ndipo chakuti madzi akumwa amathamanga kudutsa m'thupi la wodwalayo mumtsinje wothamanga, osathetsa ludzu, mumatuluka.
Nayi ndemanga kuchokera ku chikalata chachipatala chomwe tafikira, wolemba yemwe akuti: "Matenda a shuga akudwala, pafupipafupi mwa azimayi. Amasungunuka thupi ndi miyendo yonse mkodzo .... Koma mukakana kumwa madziwo, pakamwa pa wodwalayo umauma, khungu lowuma, mucous nembanemba, mseru, kusanza, kukwiya ndi kufa msanga kumachitika pafupipafupi. "
Chithunzichi ,achidziwikire, sichimalimbikitsa chiyembekezo kwa ife, anthu amakono, koma panthawiyo chimawonetseranso momwe zinthu ziliri masiku ano: matenda a shuga amawoneka ngati matenda osachiritsika.
Dotolo wina wakale, Galen (130-200gg), adaganizira kwambiri za matendawa. Sikuti ndi katswiri wodziwikiratu, komanso wokhulupirira zam'tsogolo, yemwe adakhala dotolo waku khothi kuchokera kwa adokotala a gladiators. Galen adalemba za maulendo zana pa nkhani zamankhwala zokha, komanso pamalongosoledwe a matenda enaake. Malingaliro ake, matenda a shuga si kanthu koma kutsekula kwamikodzo, ndipo adawona chifukwa chake izi sizikuyenda bwino kwa impso.
Mtsogolomo, komanso m'maiko ena kunali anthu omwe adaphunzira za matendawa ndikuyesera kufotokoza - malingaliro ambiri nthawi imeneyo ali pafupi kwambiri ndi amakono. Mchiritsi wodziwika wa ku Arab Avicenna adapangidwa mu 1024. "Canon yapamwamba kwambiri zamasayansi azachipatala", omwe sanataye tanthauzo lake ngakhale pano. Nayi mfundo yochokera kwa iwo: "Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oyipa, nthawi zambiri amachititsa kutopa ndi kuuma. Amatulutsa madzi ambiri mthupi, kuletsa chinyezi chofunikira kulowa mkamwa madzi.
Palibe amene angadziwe zopereka za Paracelsus (1493-1541). Malinga ndi momwe iye akuwonera, uwu ndi matenda a chamoyo chonse, osati chiwalo chilichonse. Pamtima pa matendawa ndikuphwanya njira ya mapangidwe amchere, chifukwa chomwe impso zimakwiya ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso.
Monga mukuwonera, mbiri ya matenda ashuga ndiyosangalatsa kwambiri, m'masiku amenewo komanso m'maiko onse anthu anali ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo madokotala sanangodziwa ndikuyipatula ndi matenda ena, komanso kuwonjezera moyo wa wodwalayo. Zizindikiro zazikulu - pakamwa pouma, ludzu losatha komanso matenda ashuga, kuchepa thupi - zonsezi, molingana ndi malingaliro amakono, zikuwonetsa mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga.
Madokotala amamuthandiza mosiyanasiyana shuga, kutengera mtundu. Chifukwa chake, ndi chikhalidwe chachiwiri cha anthu okalamba, kulowetsedwa kwa mitengo yochepetsera shuga ndi chakudya kunathandizira mkhalidwewo, komanso kusala kudya kwamankhwala kumachitidwanso. Njira yotsiriza siyalandiridwa ndi madokotala amakono, ndipo awiri oyambawa agwiritsidwa ntchito bwino tsopano. Mankhwala othandizira oterewa amatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zambiri, ngati matendawa atapezeka kuti sanachedwe kwambiri kapena ngati njira yakeyo si yoopsa.
