Mitundu ya hypercholesterolemia ndi momwe zimakhalira pakukula kwa matenda

Hypercholesterolemia kwenikweni si matenda. Ichi ndi matenda omwe magazi a lipid amakhala okwera.

Zitha kuwoneka kuti zochitika ngati zotere sizikulowerera bwino, koma, popanda chithandizo, zotsatirapo zake zitha kukhala zosayembekezereka. Ndi hypercholesterolemia yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa mavuto amtima ndipo, chifukwa chake, mtima wam'kati umatulutsa, ndipo matenda ena ndi zovuta zimathanso kukwiya.

Atherosclerosis ndi imodzi mwazovuta zokhudzana ndi hypercholesterolemia, chifukwa chake kudziwa za matenda am'mimba ndikofunikira. Izi sizingothandiza kudziwa komanso kupewa kutukuka, komanso kusankha chithandizo chokwanira pankhaniyi.

Hypercholesterolemia ndi chiyani?

Hypercholesterolemia ndi lingaliro Lachi Greek lomwe limatanthawuza cholesterol yayikulu yamagazi. Chodabwitsachi sichitha kutchedwa kuti kumvetsetsa kwamatenda, m'malo mwake, ndi matenda, omwe, komabe, ndi owopsa kwa anthu.

Chimakhala chofala kwambiri mu gawo la amuna ndipo chimayambitsa matenda:

• matenda a shuga;
• mtima ischemia;
• matenda a ndulu;
• cholesterol amana;
• atherosulinosis;
• onenepa kwambiri.

Hypercholesterolemia yoyera imatha kupezeka ngati lita imodzi ya cholesterol yamagazi ili ndi 200 mg kapena kuposerapo. Anapatsidwa nambala ya mkb 10 - E78.0.

Kodi cholesterol yochuluka imachokera kuti?

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chofanana ndi mafuta, ambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi palokha ndipo pafupifupi 20% yokha amachokera ku chakudya. Pamafunika popanga vitamini D, kulengedwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa kugaya chakudya komanso kupanga mahomoni.

Pamaso pa hypercholesterolemia, thupi silingathe kupanga kuchuluka konse kwamafuta. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri motsutsana ndi maziko a kunenepa kwambiri, munthu akamadya zakudya zamafuta ambiri komanso zakudya zotere ndizomwe zimakhalapo pachakudya.

Komanso, cholesterol yochulukirapo imatha kuonedwa ndi matenda otsatirawa ndikulemetsa thupi:

• matenda a chiwindi
• hypothyroidism (chithokomiro chosakhazikika);
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali (progestins, steroids, diuretics);
• zovuta zamavuto ndi nkhawa;
• kusintha kwa mahomoni;
• nephrotic syndrome.

Mu gawo loyambirira, zizindikiro sizipezeka konse, zimayamba kuonekera kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawo. Pambuyo pake, izi zimasandulika kukhala zizindikiritso za matenda oopsa kapena atherosulinosis, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi matendawa.

Mitundu yamatenda ndi kusiyana kwawo

Izi zamtundu wa gulu zimafotokozedwa potengera zifukwa zomwe adayambira.

Mwambiri, pali mitundu itatu yamatendawa, iyi ndi:

• choyambirira;
• sekondale;
• anamentary.

Fomu yoyambirira sinaphunziridwe pang'ono, kotero lero palibe njira yotsimikizira kuti ithe. Koma, molingana ndi lingaliro la Fredrickson, ndichabadwa ndipo mwina chimayamba chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa majini. Fomo la homozygous ndi kufala kwa matenda kwa mwana kuchokera kwa makolo onse awiri, heterozygous - jini lomwe linaphwanyidwa limachokera kwa m'modzi mwa makolo.

Pali zifukwa zinanso zitatu:

• lipoproteins zosalongosoka;
• minyewa yokhudzana ndi minyewa;
• kapangidwe kosalongosoka ka ma enzymes.

Yachiwiri mawonekedwe a hypercholesterolemia amapezeka kale ndi zovuta zina ndi ma pathologies m'thupi, atha kuphatikizira:

• endocrine;
• otupa;
• aimpso.

Fomu lachitatu, alimentary, limatulukira chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wosayenera, zizolowezi zoyipa komanso kusowa kwa masewera.

Zoyambitsa zake zitha kukhala motere:

• kusuta
• kumwa kwambiri mowa;
• kumwa pafupipafupi zakudya zamafuta;
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
• kusowa zolimbitsa thupi;
• zakudya zopanda pake ndi zowonjezera zamankhwala.

Njira yakunja ya mawonekedwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, popanda mawonekedwe akunja. Matendawa atha kupangidwira chifukwa cha kuyezetsa magazi ngati mulingo wa cholesterol uposa 5.18 mmol pa lita imodzi.

Zambiri za banja hypercholesterolemia

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabanja imayamba pakubadwa ndipo imayenda limodzi ndi moyo wonse. Matenda amtunduwu amapezeka mu mawonekedwe oyamba, omwe amadzilamulira okha, amatuluka kuchokera kwa kholo (mawonekedwe a heterozygous) kapena onse awiri (homozygous).

Mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya heterozygous, theka lokha la B E receptors limagwira ntchito mwa wodwala, ndipo pafupipafupi milandu imagwera pa munthu m'modzi mwa 500. Mwa anthu otere, cholesterol yamagazi imakhala yofanana kawiri kuposa momwe imakhalira, kuyambira 9 mpaka 12 mmol / lita.

Mtundu wa heterozygous wa hypercholesterolemia wa mabanja ungadziwike ngati:

• mafuta a cholesterol m'misempha, kuwapangitsa kukhala ochulukirapo;
• corneal lipid arch (sangaoneke);
• mtima ischemia (mwa amuna pambuyo pa 40, mwa akazi ngakhale pambuyo pake).

Ndikofunikira kuchiza matenda kuyambira ubwana, kuchititsa prophylaxis ndikutsatira zakudya. Ndikofunika kuti usaiwale za izi mu moyo wonse.

Mavuto a mtima ayamba asanakwanitse zaka 20, sangathe kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala, choncho kuyika chiwindi ndikofunikira.

Ndi homozygous achibale hypercholesterolemia, kuphwanya kumawonedwa osati m'chigawo cha tendon, komanso matako, mawondo, mikono, ngakhale nembanemba yamkamwa.

Pakhalapo nthawi zina odwala matenda amtima wamakhanda ali ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Mankhwala, njira monga plasmapheresis kapena plasmosorption amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuwoneka koyambirira kwa myocardial infarction kumatha kunena za cholowa cha hypercholesterolemia, pomwe zinthu monga kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda osokoneza bongo siziphatikizidwa.

Mawonetseredwe azachipatala

Hypercholesterolemia ndi njira yolunjika pakukula kwa atherosulinosis, kusiyana kumangokhala kwakanthawi kochepa, kamatengera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Ndi hypercholesterolemia yam'banja, lipoproteins imalephera kuphatikiza ndi cholesterol, imatumiza kwa chiwalo chilichonse.

Zolemba za cholesterol zimawonekeranso, zimabweretsa mavuto monga:

• mtima mavuto;
• mavuto mu ntchito yamitsempha yama coronary;
• magazi osakwanira mbali zonse za thupi.

Zonsezi zimayambitsa matenda ena, koma nthawi zambiri zimayamba kubadwa ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ngakhale adakali ana. Milingo ya cholesterol imalumikizidwa ndi matenda owonekeratu. Magulu onse omwe ali ndi vuto la hypercholesterolemia ali ndi chiwopsezo cha zovuta zake.

Kuzindikira matendawa

Ndikosatheka kuzindikira cholesterol yayikulu popanda maphunziro apadera ndipo sipangakhale zizindikiro zosonyeza kukhalapo kwa matenda amtunduwu.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu amaphunzira za matenda awo akapita kukayezetsa. Mulimonsemo, muyenera kupita kuchipatala kukayezetsa angapo ma laboratori.

Izi zikuphatikiza mindandanda yazotsatira izi:

• zambiri zomwe zimapezedwa poyankhulana ndi wodwalayo komanso madandaulo ake pakuwonekera kwa zolembera, xanthelasma, etc;
• kuyezetsa thupi;
• kuyezetsa magazi;
• urinalysis;
• gawo la mbiri ya lipid;
• magazi kuyesa;
• kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi;
• kusanthula kwa majini.

Zonsezi zimayamba ndikukambirana ndi wodwalayo, afotokozere zakukhosi kwake, mawonekedwe a khungu pakhungu, momwe zimachitikira, ndikuyankhanso mafunso angapo a dokotala. Izi zitha kutenga gawo lalikulu ndipo ngati zili zowona, zimakhala zosavuta kuyerekeza zotsatira za kusanthula ndi madandaulo a wodwala.

Mwachitsanzo, mafunso azikhala okhudzana ndi momwe xanthomas adatulukira - mawonekedwe oyera oterewa pamalo a tendons. Lipid yokhala ndi ziphuphu imatha kuwoneka, kuyimira mkombero mozungulira cornea ya diso, cholesterol imayikidwamo.

Kenako, kufotokozera kumayambira pa matenda omwe wodwala anali nawo kale komanso zomwe makolo ake anali nawo, mwayi wokhala wolumikizana ndi chilengedwe, ntchito ya wodwalayo.

Mukapimidwa, mutha kupeza chithunzi chonse chokwanira ndi mawonekedwe a thupi.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi, kuyesa kwa mkodzo ndi maphunziro a biochemical kungathandize kuzindikira kuthekera kotupa ndi chitukuko cha matenda motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda. Kuphatikiza kwa magazi kumathandizira kukhazikitsa zenizeni za cholesterol, mapuloteni, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu m'magazi amwazi, kuti mumvetsetse momwe machitidwe ndi ziwalo zingakhudzidwire.

Chimodzi mwa maphunziro ofunikira kwambiri ndi mbiri ya lipid. Ndi iye omwe angathandize kukhazikitsa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis, chifukwa cha lipids (zonga mafuta).

Lipids agawidwa m'mitundu iyi:

• atherogenic (wamafuta - chifukwa atherosulinosis);
• antiatherogenic (kupewa atherosulinosis).

Kuzindikiranso kwina kumafunikira kuwunika kwa immunological kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chamthupi m'magawo a protein. Izi zikuthandizira kutsimikizira kapena kudziwitsa kupezeka kwa matenda, popeza ma protein omwe amapanga magazi amawononga zinthu zakunja, ndipo pakakhala kuti palibe ntchito, tizilombo tachilendo timagwira.

Gawo lomaliza lazachipatala limafunikira kutenga mayeso kuchokera kwa achibale kuti amvetsetse mtundu wa hypercholesterolemia womwe amakayikira komanso gawo la chibadwidwe munjira inayake.

Chithandizo cha matenda a mtima

Hypercholesterolemia imatha kuthandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera, palinso njira zochepetsera zovuta zomwe zingachitike popanda mankhwala.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala otsatirawa ndi a mankhwala othana ndi matenda:

• Madera (cholesterol yotsika, muchepetse kutupa, imapereka chitetezo ku ziwiya zolimba, koma zitha kuvulaza chiwindi, choncho mankhwalawo sioyenera matenda a chiwalo ichi);
• Ezetimibe (mankhwalawa amalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa cholesterol ndi maselo, koma magwiridwe ake siwokwera kwambiri chifukwa chakuti cholesterol yambiri imapangidwa ndi thupi lomwe);
• Ma firate (kuchepetsa triglycerides komanso munthawi yomweyo kumawonjezera milingo yapamwamba);
• Omwe amachokera (kutsuka cholesterol kuchokera ku mafuta acids, koma chopanda ndikuti amatha kuthana ndi digestibility ya chakudya ndi masamba).

Milandu yayikulu ya matendawa, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa magazi, kuyang'anira mawonekedwe ake ndi katundu wake, chifukwa amatengedwa kunja kwa thupi.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa kuchokera kwa Dr. Malysheva zokhudzana ndi cholowa cha hypercholesterolemia:

Momwe mungasinthire zinthu popanda mankhwala?

Chithandizo chosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa, chomwe wodwala amayenera kuchita atakambirana ndi adokotala, chimathandizanso kwambiri.

Mulinso:

• kukhala ndi thupi lochepa kwambiri;
• masewera dosed;
• kukana mafuta a nyama;
• kusiya zizolowezi zoipa.

Pali mankhwala wowerengeka omwe amathandiza polimbana ndi hypercholesterolemia, koma ayenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mukakambirana ndi adokotala, kuti musadzivulaze.