Chiyambi ndi limagwirira ntchito ya insulin pa thupi

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala omwe anthu amikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, amuna ndi akazi kapena msinkhu angakumane nawo.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake munthu aliyense ayenera kuyang'ana muzoyimira zake ndikudziwa momwe angachitire paziwonetsero zoyambirira. Kuzindikira matenda kumayambiriro kumachepetsa zovuta zambiri zowopsa.

Komabe, ngakhale kupezeka kwa matenda oterewa sikumawerengedwa ngati sentensi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, monga matenda, asanalandire malangizo azachipatala. Odwala ena amakhala ndi insulin nthawi zonse. Kumvetsetsa kwamachitidwe a insulin, ndizosavuta kupanga jakisoni wokhazikika.

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani?

Thupi limakhala ndi chilengedwe cha peptide ndipo limapangidwa mwachilengedwe mwa munthu wathanzi. Chiwalo monga kapamba ndimomwe chimapangira chipangidwe chake mthupi. Timadzi timene timapangidwa ndi maselo a beta omwe amapezeka muzilumba za Langerhans, ndipo amamwetsa munthu akamalowetsa chakudya.

Ndi chothandizira mwachilengedwe kuphatikizidwa kwachilengedwe kumachitika mthupi, popanda kusinthana kwazinthu sikungatheke.

Insulin imalimbikitsa kusamutsa shuga kuchokera ku chakudya kupita ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, kenako ndikusintha kukhala glycogen. Kuphatikiza apo, mahomoniwa amalepheretsa kusintha kwa ma amino acid kukhala glucose, ndikuwapereka m'maselo kuti awonetsetse kukula kwa minofu.

Thupi limagwira ntchito zambiri, chinsinsi chake ndicho kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kufa kwa maselo komwe insulin imapangidwa, kapena kupanga kwake kosakwanira kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda monga matenda a shuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imalumikizana kwambiri ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kudalira kwake pa chizindikiritso chotere cha kukula kwa hormone chimadziwika. Ngati ichulukitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa insulini kumatsika ndikufunika kwa glucose kumachuluka.

Kuperewera kwa zinthu m'thupi kumatha kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a labotale. Kufikira izi, kuphatikiza kwa magazi kumachitika, ndipo mlingo wa c-peptide wapezeka. Ndi mtengo wotsika, wodwalayo amalimbikitsidwa kuti azichita insulin.

Njira yamachitidwe

Insulin imakhudzanso mwachangu ma metabolic ambiri omwe amapezeka m'thupi. Popanda kutenga nawo mbali, shuga yemwe amalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya sangalowe m'maselo. Katunduyu amathandizira kuyamwa kwathunthu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nembanemba. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwa glucose kukhala polysaccharide monga glycogen. Pakatikati ndi kupatsidwa mphamvu yotsatsira thupi ngati pakufunika kutero.

Carbohydrate kagayidwe

Chochita chachikulu cha timadzi timene timayang'anira kukhazikitsidwa kwa kagayidwe kazakudya. Ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe ali m'magazi, kutuluka kwa glucose komwe kumachitika m'maselo a minofu kumasokonezeka. Chifukwa cha izi, mphamvu yofunikira imalipidwa ndi oxidation yamafuta acids.

Milingo yowonjezereka imayambiranso njira yachilengedwe yopangira shuga. The ukuvomerezeka kwa nembanemba maselo akhoza kukula ndi otsika zili, koma malinga ndi zolimbitsa thupi.

Pankhani ya zovuta kuyenda kwa glucose minofu, zovuta pa ntchito zambiri zofunika kwa thupi, komanso njira zina:

• kupuma
• mapangidwe a nkhokwe zamphamvu;
• magazi.

Mphamvu yamachitidwe a mahomoni imakhazikitsidwa ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ziwalo zam'mimba zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa glucose. Insulin imathandizira kapangidwe kazinthu zambiri, popanda zomwe kusokonekera kwa glucose sikumachitika (mwachitsanzo, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase ndi phosphofructokinase).

Mapuloteni ndi mafuta kagayidwe

Zinthu zonse zomanga thupi zomwe zimalowa m'thupi zimaphatikizidwa m'mitundu ina ya amino acid. Zinthu zofunika zimapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo.

Njira yomwe inafotokozedwayo imatha kupitilira popanda kusokonezedwa pokhapokha ngati pali gawo limodzi la insulin. Izi ndichifukwa cha ntchito ya mahomoni yotsimikizira kayendedwe ka ma amino acid ambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, insulini imalimbikitsa mofulumira kutsatsa kwa DNA ndikupanga RNA. Chifukwa cha njirazi, kuphatikiza mapuloteni m'thupi la munthu amachitidwa.

Mahomoni omwe amafunsidwanso amakhudzidwa ndi metabolid ya lipid. Izi zimawonetsedwa pamlingo wokulirapo pa gawo la lipogenesis, pamene mafuta acids amapangidwa. Amatuluka pakasokonekera chakudya, chifukwa chomwe amawola. Michere ya Lipogeneis imayendetsedwa kokha ndi kutenga insulin. Kuperewera kwa kuchuluka kofunikira kumalepheretsa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.

Mitundu ndi malamulo ovomerezeka

Pali njira ziwiri zopangira chinthu chomwe chili ndi vuto m'thupi:

• njira yopangira mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono;
• njira yopangira mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito timadzi timene timatulutsa zikondamoyo.

Njira yachiwiri tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa imayesedwa kale.

Mankhwala opangidwa ndimapangidwe amitundu mitundu:

1. Mankhwala omwe ali ndi kufupikitsa kapena ultrashort. Zochita zawo pambuyo polowa mthupi zimachitika pafupifupi theka la ola. Oimira otchuka a mahomoni oterewa ndi Apidra, Humalog ndi NovoRapid. Majakisoni onse amayenera kuchitidwa mosazindikira kuti zotsatira zomwe zingafunikire zitheke. Chiwopsezo cha ntchito chimawonedwa pambuyo pa 2, nthawi zina 3 maola kuyambira nthawi ya jekeseni. Mtunduwu umapangidwa kuti uziwongolera kusinthasintha kwa shuga chifukwa cha kuphwanya zakudya kapena kugwedezeka kwamphamvu. Chifukwa chachangu, mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanadye. Kupanda kutero, chiwopsezo cha kukwera kwakuthwa kapena kugwa m'magazi a shuga chikuwonjezeka.
2. Kutalika kwapakati. Zovuta za ndalama zotere zimatha maola 15 mpaka 24. Izi zimathandizira odwala kuti azichita jakisoni ochepa patsiku. Monga lamulo, pali zinc kapena protamine pakapangidwe ka zokonzekera, chifukwa chake kukonzekera kumayamwa ndi magaziwo mu kuchuluka kofunikira ndikuwungunuka pang'onopang'ono. Mahomoni okhala ndi izi amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi insulin yochepa.
3. Kutalika. Chofunikira chawo ndikusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pakulowetsa, mankhwalawa amatha kukhalabe olimbitsa thupi kwa maola 20 mpaka 36, ​​motero, jakisoni amachitidwa m'mawa. Kuchitikako kumadziwika pambuyo pa maola 1 - 2 kuyambira pomwe jakisoni. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi odwala okalamba, odwala omwe ali ndi chidwi chochepa kwambiri cha insulin chobisidwa ndi kapamba.

Nthawi zina, odwala amafunika kusakaniza mankhwala asanaalowe. Kusankha kwa hormone yoyenera kwa wodwala kumachitika ndi dokotala, poganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mlingo woyenera komanso njira zamankhwala zimakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pofufuza momwe wodwalayo alili, momwe matendawo aliri, komanso momwe thupi limakhalira. Jekeseni woyamba wa mankhwala ayenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.

Mawu oyamba akhoza kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zingapo zamankhwala:

1. Zingwe. Ma piqureni amapangidwa ndi singano yopyapyala (yosinthika kapena yophatikizidwa), njirayi imawonedwa ngati yopanda ululu.
2. Cholembera. Zogulitsa zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotayika, zimakhala ndi makatoni omangira okhala ndi mankhwala. Mfundoyi ikatha, chogwirira chimatayidwa. Odwala amatha kugula zinthu zomwe zingayambenso kusintha zomwe zimasintha singano ndi cartridge ndi insulin. Chipangizocho ndi choyenera kwa ana omwe amapanga okha mankhwala a insulin.
3. Pampu. Chipangizochi chimapereka njira zosagonjetseka. Wodwala amatha kudziwa payokha nthawi yomwe mankhwalawo amayenera kuperekedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu safunikira kuchita kubaya nthawi iliyonse chifukwa, ndi thandizo la pampu, mutha kuthira catheter ndi cannula pansi pa khungu, komwe kamatha kusinthidwa pakapita masiku angapo.

Wodwala amatha kudzisankhira mtundu uti wa chipangizo choyenera kwambiri. Pakadali pano, mankhwala a insulini amachitika kokha ndi jakisoni, popeza njira zina zamkamwa sizizindikiridwa mwalamulo komanso zimapezeka kwa anthu onse.

Mankhwala amayenera kuperekedwa pang'onopang'ono. Musanachotsere singano, muyenera kudikirira masekondi 10 mpaka 15 kuti yankho limalowe pansi pa khungu, ndipo gawo lina silimatuluka.

Mankhwalawa amalowetsedwa bwino ndi jakisoni m'mimba. Lamuloli limagwira ntchito kokha kwa mankhwala omwe amangokhala osakhalitsa. Zovala zazitali zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'chigawo kapena m'manja. Kupanda kutero, kufunika kwa chithandizo sikungatheke, popeza kuchuluka kwa mayankho omwe amaperekedwa ndi wopanga kumasintha.

Masamba oboola malo ayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kuti musatseke zisindikizo. Mukabayidwa m'mimba, ndibwino kuwasinthanitsa mozungulira.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Popeza kufunikira kwa mankhwala a insulin, munthu sayenera kuiwala zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha njirayi. Odwala ambiri omwe amapanga jakisoni pafupipafupi kwa zaka zingapo, amadziwa zabwino kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

Kuchokera kwa anthu ena, m'malo mwake, madandaulo amalandiridwa pokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amtunduwu. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyipa koyipa sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zomwe zimagwira, koma zingayambenso chifukwa cha kukoka kwa zinthu zazing'ono za mankhwalawo.

Zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri:

1. Pali njira yotupa kapena mawonekedwe a mziwiti pamalo a jekeseni. Nthawi zambiri, kuyabwa, kutupa, redness kumawonekera.
2. Chiwopsezo chimayamba kutsutsana ndi maziko a kuchepa mphamvu kwa chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo za mahomoni. Amawonetsedwa ndi zotupa za pakhungu, nthawi zina bronchospasm imayamba.
3. Poyerekeza ndi nthawi yayitali ya hyperglycemia, wodwalayo amatha kuyamba kuvomereza mankhwala.
4. Pali mavuto amawonedwe. Kwenikweni, kuphwanya malamulo kumeneku ndi kwakanthawi. Wodwala muzochitika zotere ayenera kutsimikizira mtendere wamaso ndikuchepetsa katundu pa iwo.
5. Ma antibodies amapangidwa poyankha mankhwalawa.
6. Kutupa kwambiri kumachitika pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa insulin. Amakhala, monga lamulo, kwa masiku atatu. Maonekedwe ake nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa chosungidwa ndi sodium mthupi. Ndi vuto lotere, odwala amasiya kuyang'anizana kwa nthawi yayitali.
7. Mawonetsedwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza hypoglycemia, ndi nthawi imodzi yoyendetsa mahomoni ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena.

Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira zoyipa zimachitika pomwe mankhwalawo samatsatiridwa, komanso pakudzipaka nokha mankhwala, motero kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse kuyenera kuvomerezana ndi adokotala kuti awapewe.

Kuopsa kosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa

Mankhwala a insulin amafunikira kuyang'anira glycemia. Chizindikirocho chimatha kusintha ngakhale mlingo wa mankhwalawo ukawonedwa, ngati nthawi yomweyo pali mphamvu ya zinthu zina.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• mankhwala oledzera;
• kusewera masewera;
• zotulutsa (zoipa kapena zabwino);
• Chithandizo cha matenda obwera ndi wodwala.

Katemera anthu nthawi zina sangathe kulosera zenizeni zomwe zingakhudze shuga.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyeza glucose musanabaye jekeseni kuti musankhe bwino kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Chiwerengero cha mayeso chimatha kufikira 10 pa tsiku. Kudziwunikira ndikotheka ndi zida zapadera - glucometer.

Mankhwala ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momveka bwino malinga ndi chiwembu chokhazikitsidwa ndi adokotala. Patsikuli, wodwalayo amatha kulangizidwa kuti apange jakisoni wamankhwala angapo.

Mlingo wathunthu wa sungunuka pa jakisoni sayenera kupitirira magawo zana, popeza kuchuluka kumeneku kumayambitsa bongo wamphamvu komanso kumatha kupha. Zikatero, gulu la ambulansi liyenera kuyitanidwa kuti likwaniritse kuchepa kwa shuga mwa kudya chakudya chamagulu angapo. Thandizo lakuchipatala lidzakhala ndi kutsekeka kwa njira yothetsera shuga kupewera kuwonekera kwa hypoglycemia.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amafunikira jakisoni wambiri wa insulin amakakamizidwa kudzipatula m'njira zambiri. Ayenera kuwunika pafupipafupi zinthu zomwe zimadyedwa mu chakudya, nthawi yogawa masewera, komanso kusankha mlingo wa mankhwalawa kutengera ntchito yomwe ikuchitika pakadali pano. Zilonda ziyenera kuchitidwa momveka bwino panthawi yomwe dokotala akuwonetsa, mosasamala za malo ndi malo omwe akukhala.

Chimodzi mwazotsatira zoyipa zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa ndi kukondoweza kwa mapangidwe owonjezera amafuta. Zakudya zosaphunzitsidwa komanso chilolezo cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha XE (magawo a mkate) zimathandizira pakuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa mahomoni. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotere kumasanduka mafuta.

Phunziro la kanema pa kuwerengera kwa insulin kutengera magawo a mkate:

Malangizo othandizira kupewa zotsatira za insulin yosalamulirika:

• kutsatira mlingo wa mankhwalawa (osachulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa);
• kutha kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni molingana ndi zakudya zomwe zimakonzedwa;
• Osaphwanya njira yothandizira mankhwalawa ndipo musalumphe jakisoni;
• Osasintha zomwe dokotala wanu wakulemberani ndipo musamaziyimitse;
• ntchito mankhwala abwino okha;
• kutsatira nthawi yosungirako;
• Musanagwiritse ntchito insulin, muyenera kuwerenga malangizo ake;
• funsani dokotala ngati mukukumana ndi zovuta zamankhwala.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kuthandizira kwa insulin mankhwala kumadalira njira yolondola y kukhazikitsidwa kwake ndikutsatira malangizo onse oyambira.