Zoyenera kuchita ngati shuga m'magazi adakwezedwa

Hyperglycemia ndi mkhalidwe womwe umawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi kumatha kukhala kwachilengedwe, kungayambike chifukwa cha kudya kwa chakudya chamafuta m'thupi, kapena matenda am'mimba, omwe amayenda ndi matenda angapo. Zoyenera kuchita ngati pali shuga wambiri wowonjezera komanso momwe ngoziyo iliri, zikufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.

Udindo wa shuga m'thupi

Glucose (mwa anthu wamba - shuga) ndiye mafuta oyenera amisempha ndi maselo, kuwapatsa mphamvu yofunikira potaya njira zofunika komanso zochita. Mulingo wake wotsika umapangitsa kukula kwa njala, ndipo zochulukirapo zimakhala ndi poizoni.

Glucose ndi woimira mafuta ochepa (monosaccharides). Munthawi yovomerezeka, imamwidwa bwino mukamamwa ngati gawo la chakudya kapena ngati mankhwala. Chakudya chikalowa m'matumbo, chimayamba kugawika m'tinthu tating'ono, kuphatikizapo monosaccharides. Shuga amalowa m'makoma a m'matumbo ang'ono ndipo amalowa m'magazi. Kuchokera apa, gawo limafalikira maselo ndi minyewa, ina imayikidwa m'maselo a lipid.

Njira yogawa chakudya ikamalizidwa, shuga m'magazi amayamba kutsika. Njira zopangira mphamvu zimaphatikizidwa zomwe zimayambitsa dongosolo la gluconeogenesis - mapangidwe a shuga ndi chiwindi kuchokera kuzinthu zopanda mafuta.

Mulingo wofanana ndi shuga m'thupi la munthu wachikulire ndi 3.33-5,55 mmol / l, ndipo Zizindikiro ndizofanana kwa amayi ndi abambo. Mwa ana, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwambiri kumakhala kotsika. Pazaka 28 zakubadwa, kuchuluka sikokwanira kupitirira 4.4 mmol / L; mwana wamkulu (mpaka zaka 6) amakhala ndi 5 mmol / L wambiri.

Kusintha kwakanthawi kwa zizindikiro za glycemia - kupewa kutulutsa kwa matenda ndi zovuta zake

Kuphatikiza pakupereka mphamvu zamagetsi, monosaccharide imagwiranso ntchito zotsatirazi:

• amatenga nawo mbali pakapangidwe ka maselo amafuta;
• amatenga nawo kaphatikizidwe wa ma nucleic acids, amino acid;
• imayendetsa enzymatic ntchito;
• Zimapangitsa kugwira ntchito kwa mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi;
• amathandizira njala;
• amathetsa pathological mphamvu yovuta ya zinthu mthupi.

Kodi shuga umatuluka liti ndipo chifukwa chiyani?

Pali zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa kukwera kwa thupi mu glycemia, ndiye kuti, amawerengedwa ngati osakhalitsa ndipo safunikira chithandizo chapadera. Izi ndi monga:

Mwazi wamagazi ndi wabwinobwino.

• nthawi yobereka mwana;
• kukhudzana ndi kupsinjika;
• chakudya chamagulu;
• zolimbitsa thupi.

Pathologies, poyang'ana kumbuyo komwe pali kuchuluka kwa shuga, kuphatikiza pa shuga, kuphatikiza:

• angapo a chapakati mantha dongosolo;
• hyperthyroidism;
• Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome (adrenal gland pathology);
• khunyu
• matenda a impso
• zotupa njira (pheochromocytoma, glucagonoma).

Kodi chiwopsezo cha kukula kwa shuga ndikuwonekera bwanji?

Ngati glucose amakwezedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, munthu amatha kudwala chifukwa cha zovuta komanso zovuta. Acute hypo- ndi hyperglycemic comas (Kukula kwawo kumatengera momwe kuchuluka kwa glycemia kunachulukira kapena kutsika).

Zovuta zowopsa ndi:

• kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za impso;
• matenda a zotumphukira mantha dongosolo;
• kuwonongeka kwa maselo aubongo;
• kusintha kwamvekedwe;
• kuwonongeka kwa pulosesa wa maso;
• Kusintha kwa ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati, mafupa ndi mafupa.

Matenda a shuga ndi amodzi mwa matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi hyperglycemia.

Zizindikiro za shuga wam'magazi m'magazi ndi ludzu la m'magazi, kukodza pafupipafupi, khungu louma komanso patsekeke pamlomo. Odwala amadandaula kwa dokotala wokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa kupenya kwamaso, totupa pakhungu. Zilonda ndi zipsera sizichiritsa kwanthawi yayitali.

Momwe mungathandizire munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lodana ndi shuga?

Ngati glycemia yayikulu kwambiri ikuyenera kubwezeretsedwa, wodwala ayenera kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi. Izi zimathandizira kuchotsa wodwala ku chikomokere, kudzikongoletsa kapena kuletsa kukula kwake.

Thandizo loyamba ndi ili:

1. Ngati munthu akudziwa, muyenera kuwunika momwe aliri ndikufunsa momwe dzina lake alili, ngakhale amamvetsetsa komwe ali, yemwe amakhala pafupi naye.
2. Itanani gulu la ambulansi (kutengera kuopsa kwa hyperglycemia).
3. Onani kuchuluka kwa shuga ngati muli ndi shuga m'magazi.
4. Fotokozerani ngati munthu akugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin. Ngati yankho ndi inde, muyenera kumuthandiza kuti mumupatse mankhwala.
5. Patsani madzi akumwa ambiri. Palibe kudziwa, madzi sangathe kuthiridwa ndi mphamvu.
6. Tsuka m'mimba, pangani enema ndi koloko yankho.
7. Palibe kuzindikira, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mawonetsedwe ofunikira (kuthamanga kwa mtima, kupuma, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuyankha kwa ophunzira pakuwala) asanafike akatswiri odziwa ntchito.
8. Pakupuma, palpitations, kutulutsa kuyenera kuchitidwa.

Kuthetsa kusowa kwamadzi ndi gawo limodzi lothamangitsa magazi a hyperglycemia

Zolemba zochepetsa shuga

Ndikofunikira kuchitira matenda a pathological atatsimikiziridwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimakhala ndikuwongolera zakudya (mankhwala othandizira), kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a hypoglycemic, insulin, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Chithandizo cha zakudya

Ntchito yayikulu yakuwongolera zakudya ndikupeza chindapusa kuchokera ku matenda omwe amayenda ndi hyperglycemia, komanso kupeza mwayi wochotsa shuga m'magazi, kusintha ziwerengero zake momwe mungathere. Kupanga mndandanda wamunthu sabata iliyonse, kuwerengetsa kwa calorie tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kuvomerezeka kwa mndandanda wazinthu zoletsedwa komanso zovomerezeka ndizofunikira kwa endocrinologist kapena wathanzi.

Monga lamulo, tebulo la chithandizo No. 9 limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mfundo zakukonzanso ndikukana shuga, kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera, kusinthidwa kwa chakudya chofulumira ndi zakudya ndi CHIKWANGWANI. Kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa glycemia, wodwalayo ayenera kudya kangapo patsiku, koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza mbewu monga mkaka, mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa, mitundu yochepa yamafuta ndi nsomba, maphunziro oyamba mndandanda. Ndikofunikira kusiya mowa, zakudya zamafuta, nyama zosuta, zakudya zam'chitini, zipatso zotsekemera, ayisikilimu.

Kutsatira mfundo zachakudya zoyenera kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa magazi a glycemia

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Katundu wakuthupi ndi gawo lofunikira pakukwaniritsa kubwezeretsa kwa matenda, komabe, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru. Kupatula apo, masewera onse amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndipo amatha kuwachulukitsa. Akatswiri akuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kangapo pa sabata kungathandize kuwonjezera kuphatikizira kwa insulini, komanso kuonjezera chidwi cha maselo ndi minofu yake.

Mutha kusewera zamasewera pokhapokha glycemia isadumphe mothamanga komanso mwachangu, komanso ngati mitengo ya shuga ili pansi pa 14 mmol / l. Kupanda kutero, zolimbitsa thupi zitha kupangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kukula kwa dziko la ketoacidotic.

Chithandizo cha insulin

Kukonzekera kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati shuga atakwera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin. Vutoli limawonedwa mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga komanso mwa odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda a matenda am'mimba ndi chindoko.

Mankhwala ofunikira ndi mlingo wake amasankhidwa malinga ndi njira zotsatirazi:

• zizindikiro za glycemia;
• zaka odwala;
• malamulo ndi kulemera kwa thupi;
• mulingo wakuchita zolimbitsa thupi;
• kukhalapo kwa glucosuria (shuga mkodzo);
• mkhalidwe wamunthu payekha wazinthu zomwe zikugwira.

Insulin imayendetsedwa kokha mwa mitundu yomwe ingabayidwe pansi pa khungu, m'malo ovuta kwambiri - mumitsempha ya kulowetsedwa. Pali magulu angapo a mankhwala a mahomoni omwe amasiyana mu liwiro la kuyambika kwake ndi nthawi yake.

Ma insulin "afupiafupi" amatha kuchepetsa glycemia mkati mwa theka la ola kuyambira nthawi yoyang'anira, amakhala mpaka maola 4-6. Omwe akuyimira gululi ndi Insulin Humalog, Apidra, Humodar, Monodar.

Mankhwala "apakatikati" amatha kugwira ntchito mpaka maola 15-16, koma zotulukazi zawo zimachitika mu maola 2-2,5. Mankhwalawa ndi Protafan, Insuman Bazal, Insulin Novomiks.

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kumawerengedwa kuchokera ku mankhwala malinga ndi mankhwala, monga zikuwonekera phukusi ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito

Mankhwala otalikirapo amatha pambuyo pa maola 4-6, koma kutalika kwake kumatenga tsiku limodzi, nthawi zina mpaka masiku 1.5. Oimira - Ultralente, Levemir, Lantus.

Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga

Mankhwalawa samachotsa shuga mthupi, koma amathandizira kapangidwe ka insulin ndi kapamba, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya maselo ndi minyewa ya thupi kupita ku mahomoni, komanso amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa ma saccharides m'mimba. Pali magulu angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso mosiyanasiyana:

• Zomwe zimachokera ku sulfonylureas - sizinapangidwe mtundu wa 1 shuga, ndi mawonekedwe ake apakhungu, panthawi yoyembekezera komanso mkaka wa m`mawere. Oimira - Glipizid, Glycvidon.
• Prandial shuga oyang'anira - Novonorm. Zizindikiro za Glycemia zimayang'aniridwa chakudya chikamalowetsedwa; chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pokonza mphamvu ya kapamba kupangira insulin.
• Biguanides - zimathandizira pakugwiritsira ntchito kwa shuga, musakhudze kapamba. Izi zikuphatikiza Metformin, Buformin, Fenformin.
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (Miglitol) - imachepetsa mayamwidwe a saccharides m'mimba.
• Mankhwala osakanikirana (Glibomet) - gululi limaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe ali ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zili ndi njira zingapo zochitira.

Zofunika! Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala apakamwa, ngati mankhwala opangidwa ndi insulin, kumachitika kokha ndi adokotala pambuyo pofotokoza momwe wodwalayo alili, atapeza zotsatira za matenda ake a labotale.

Endocrinologist ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri oyenerera omwe amathandizira kulimbana ndi chiwonetsero cha hyperglycemia.

General contraindication ntchito mankhwalawa pakamwa hypoglycemic mankhwala:

• matenda a chiwindi a chikhalidwe chowonongeka;
• matenda a impso, owonetsedwa ndi kusakwanira kapena njira zotupa;
• matenda a mtima pachimake;
• ngozi yamitsempha;
• Hypersensitivity payekha;
• mimba
• Nthawi yonyamula mkaka.

Pali njira zambiri zochepetsera glycemia wanu. Ndikofunikira kuti munthu mwiniyo akhale ndi chidwi komanso chikhumbo chokwanira kuti akwaniritse izi, ndipo malingaliro a dokotala omwe akupezekapo athandiza kuyimitsa hyperglycemia ndikukwaniritsa kubwezera kwakanthawi.