Njira zopewera matenda a shuga - momwe mungapewere matendawa?

Matenda omwe thupi limasinthira chakudya chamagetsi kukhala mphamvu limasokonezeka chifukwa cha kuchepa kapena kusachita bwino kwa insulin ya pancreas insulin yotchedwa shuga mellitus.

Matenda a shuga amawoneka ngati matenda osachiritsika ndipo sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu.

Kuchepa kwa matendawa kumatha kuchepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera.

Zowona za Carbohydrate Metabolism

Mu thupi laumunthu, ma carbohydrate amatenga gawo la kupanga ndikupanga mphamvu zake, komwe magwero ake ndi glucose. Ma carbohydrate, omwe amatenga nawo gawo pokhudzana ndi metabolism pamodzi ndi mapuloteni ndi mafuta, amatulutsa zoposa makumi asanu ndi awiri peresenti ya mphamvu zonse za kusintha kwamankhwala komwe kumachitika mthupi la munthu.

Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe walowa m'magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe amachotsera, mulingo wa shuga umakhazikitsidwa. Kuwerengera kwa zizindikiro ziwirizi kumatsimikizira kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi.

Njira yogaya chakudya pamagalasi amkamwa, pomwe wowuma amalekanitsidwa ndi zochita za ma cell ensa. Glycogen, yemwe amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe amalandila m'thupi la munthu, atagawanika m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, amadziunjikira m'chiwindi, ndikupanga mtundu wosungira kuti athe kubwezeretsanso mphamvu mwachangu.

Ndi nkhawa yayikulu yakuthupi kapena m'maganizo, kutaya mphamvu msanga kumachitika, pomwe magazi amachepa. Pakadali pano, mahomoni a chiwindi adrenaline amadzutsa michere, mothandizidwa ndi glycogen yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala glucose ndikulowa m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kosiyanasiyana.

Kagayidwe kazakudya umachitika motsogozedwa ndi mahomoni awiri - insulin ndi glucagon. Glucagon imayang'anira kuwonongeka kwa glycogen mu glucose, ndipo insulin imachotsa magazi kuchokera m'magazi kupita ndi ziwalo zina zam'magazi. Mwa munthu wathanzi, machitidwe awo amalumikizidwa - glucagon imatsogolera kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi, ndipo insulin imatsitsa.

Pakakhala vuto la insulin, dongosolo lonseli limasweka ndipo matenda a shuga amapezeka.

Kusiyanitsa Mtundu Wofunikira

Pali mawonetseredwe awiri a shuga - oyamba ndi achiwiri. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti poyamba, matendawa amayamba chifukwa chosakhalapo ndi insulin, ndipo chachiwiri, ndikuphwanya kuzindikira kwa maselo a thupi.

Matenda a mitundu yonseyi amadziwika ndi kupatuka kofananako kuchokera ku boma wamba.

Zizindikiro wamba:

• ludzu losatha, kukhathamiritsa magazi kwambiri ndi kuyamwa pafupipafupi;
• kuchepa thupi ndi chakudya chokhazikika;
• kuuma kwambiri kwa chosimitsa chakunja;
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe;
• madera a kumunsi;
• kusamva bwino ndi kuyamwa kwa maliseche.

Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri wosadalira insulin ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi maphunziro osachiritsika ndipo zimachitika pamene kusintha kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kamalumikizidwa ndikuphwanya chidwi cha maselo am'mimba pakuchitika kwa insulin.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi yayikulu ndi izi:

• onenepa kwambiri, makamaka kukhalapo kwa kunenepa kwambiri;
• kusowa kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi;
• zopatsa thanzi, momwe zakudya zokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri komanso michere yambiri zimadyedwa;
• cholowa chamtundu wamtunduwu.

Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1 amachokera ku shuga amayamba kuwonongeka ndipo amawoneka pomwe ambiri mwa ma cell a beta opanga insulin awonongeka kale chifukwa cha pathological process.

Kusintha kotereku kumachitika makamaka muubwana ndi unyamata, zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri ndipo zimayendera limodzi ndi kuwonongeka kwakuthwa. Chimodzi mwa matenda 1 a shuga ndi kusowa kwa insulini, komwe kapamba amasiya kupanga.

Njira yolowera glucose m'maselo a thupi ikasokonekera, imadziunjikira m'magazi ambiri. Zotsatira zake, kufa ndi chakudya cham'mimba ndi kuperewera kwa mphamvu kumachitika m'thupi.

Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amatha kuvuta kubereka mwana kapena kukhala ndi pakati. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino mwa amuna ndikupanga kutukusira kwa mafupa a ziwalo zamkati (balanoposthitis), omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kukodza pafupipafupi.

Mndandanda wamasiyanidwe amitundu mitundu yamatenda:

Kukula kwa matendawa akufotokozedwa ndi zovuta zingapo, zomwe:

• matenda amkati, matenda a mtima;
• kuwonongeka kwamaso, kuwonongeka kwa maso ndi khungu lathunthu;
• kulephera kwaimpso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa impso;
• matenda a shuga - mabala osachiritsika pamiyendo ndikuwopseza kusintha kwa gangrene ndi kutayika kwa miyendo;
• atrophy ya minofu - kuchepa kwa voliyumu ndi mphamvu chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziletse kapena kutayika kwathunthu kwa ntchito zamagalimoto;
• mafupa am'mimba - amachokera ku kupuwala kwa metabolism komanso kusowa kwa calcium, mafupa a mafupa amawonjezeka.

Kanema pazomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga:

Kodi ndizotheka kupewa matendawa?

Mankhwala samapereka yankho lenileni la funsoli, koma zatsimikiziridwa kuti ndizotheka kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda osokoneza bongo kukhala ochepa. Zochita popewa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin amachepetsa kuwongolera zakudya ndikuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa kulemera kapena kunenepa kwambiri.

Menyu sayenera kukhala ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri komanso mafuta, makamaka zakudya zachangu, zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa ndiwo zamasamba, mbewu zonse, nyama yopendekera.

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku kumalimbikitsa kagayidwe kazakudya, kumalimbikitsa kupanga insulini, ndipo kumathandizira thupi kukhala bwino.

Kupewa matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin sikuthandiza konse, komabe simuyenera kukana. Kupewa kotereku kumatchedwa chachikulu (matenda ashuga asanapezeke) ndipo kuyenera kuyambitsidwa kuyambira ubwana kuti ateteze kukula kwa matendawa.

Malangizo popewa kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha matenda ndi awa:

1. Kusamalira thanzi la mwana. Ndikofunikira kuyesa kuteteza mwana ku matenda a virus, matenda oterewa amatha kuyambitsa kuphwanya kapamba popanga insulin. Kuti muwonjezere chitetezo chamthupi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kuuma.
2. Kuyamwitsa. Madokotala amati mkaka wa m'mawere umathandizira kusatetezeka kwa mwana ndikupanga cholepheretsa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi ma virus. Mukasinthira mkaka wa ng ombe yonse, kusokonezeka kumatha kuchitika komwe kumayenderana ndi kusintha kwa zochita za chitetezo cha m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa atukuke.
3. Zaumoyo. Kupsinjika, zokumana nazo, kupsinjika kwa m'maganizo kumatha kuyambitsa matenda. Zinthu zoterezi ndizotheka ndi mikangano yosatha m'mabanja, kusintha koopsa pamalopo (kuyendera kindergarten, sukulu), mantha.
4. Khalidweli. Pokhapokha ngati achibale ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, ndikofunikira kuti aziwunika pafupipafupi kuti apeze matendawa.

Kanema kuchokera kwa Dr. Komarovsky okhudza matenda amtundu wa 1 wa ana:

Njira zopewera

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kukhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ayenera kutsatira malamulo ena kuti aletse matendawa. Mukayamba kupewa, kumakuthandizani kwambiri.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Popanda kudya mosamala, njira zina zonse zodzitetezera zilibe ntchito.

Zogulitsa zomwe ntchito zake ziyenera kukhala zochepa:

• mbatata chifukwa cha wowuma;
• zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, kvass, timadzi tokoma ndi timadziti timene tili ndi shuga wowonjezera;
• maswiti, makeke, makeke;
• zipatso zokoma: nthochi, mphesa, ma supimmon, zinanazi;
• mikate yoyera;
• nyama yamafuta ndi nsomba, masoseji;
• mafuta ambiri mkaka ndi mkaka;
• mayonesi, kusuta nyama.

Ndikofunika kuti tichotse kwathunthu kupezeka kwa shuga ndi mowa weniweni mu chakudya.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku:

• masamba mwanjira iliyonse: yaiwisi, yophika, yophika;
• amadyera;
• nyama zodwala;
• nsomba - mtsinje, nyanja, nsomba zam'nyanja;
• skim mkaka ndi mkaka;
• mbewu monga chimanga - zopaka, ole, balere;
• zipatso - maapulo, kiwi, zipatso za malalanje;
• buledi wathunthu.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kukhala chakudya chamagulu - 5-6 patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Zakudya zoyenera, kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zatsopano zimathandiza thupi kupeza mavitamini ndi zinthu zina zabwino. Zimathandizira magazi, zimathandizira kagayidwe kazakudya komanso zimathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zonse zamkati.

Kanema wokhudza thanzi la anthu odwala matenda ashuga:

Udindo wochita zolimbitsa thupi

Masewera ndi gawo limodzi la kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda ashuga. Ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cell a insulin abwererenso zimabwezeretseka ndipo kugwira ntchito kwake kumawonjezereka.

Madokotala amalimbikitsa zolimbitsa thupi ngati izi zomwe sizimayimitsa impso, mtima, maso ndi miyendo. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera kumakupatsani mphamvu yochepera, kumateteza ku kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri, kusintha thanzi lanu komanso thanzi lanu.

Popewa matendawa, kuyenda mokhazikika, kusambira, kuvina, kusewera mpira, kupalasa njinga ndi kaphiri ndizothandiza.

Moyo wathanzi

Pofuna kuti musayambitse mavuto azaumoyo omwe angayambitse kukula kwa matendawa, muyenera kusiya zizolowezi - kusuta komanso kumwa mowa.

Mowa umayambitsa kutsika kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi, kusinthasintha kotero kumakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba. Nicotine, kulowa m'thupi, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa komanso zovuta zake.

Kugwedezeka kwambiri kwamaganizidwe, kusokonezeka kwamanjenje, kuthamangitsidwa m'maganizo kumatha kuyambitsa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa.

Mukamalankhula ndi anthu opanda malingaliro, muyenera kuyesetsa kukhala odekha, kuti muchepetse momwe mukumvera.

Njira zachipatala

Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa matenda ashuga, pamene matendawa alipo kale ndipo cholinga chake ndikulepheretsa kupititsa patsogolo kwake.

Prophylaxis yachiwiri yamtundu wa 1 imaphatikizira chithandizo ndi jakisoni wa kukonzekera kwa insulin. Mlingo ndi mtundu wa insulin ya wodwala aliyense amasankhidwa payekha kuchipatala moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mosavuta, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga m'magazi ndi omwe amapatsidwa. Mlingo ndi muyezo wa mankhwalawa amatsimikizika pa milandu iliyonse payokha. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa madokotala omwe akupezekapo.

Kupewera kwapamwamba kumakhala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala ndipo cholinga chake ndi kupewa zovuta ndi zilema, komanso kuchepetsa imfa.

Kupewa matenda a shuga kumachepetsa kwambiri matendawa. Malamulo osavuta komanso kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo a katswiri angathandize kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri zovuta ndi zovuta zake.