Anthu adayamba kupanga ndikugwiritsira ntchito m'malo mwa shuga kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi. Ndipo mkangano wokhudza ngati zakudya izi ndizofunikira kapena ngati zili zovulaza sizinathebe mpaka pano.
Kuchuluka kwa m'malo mwa shuga kulibe vuto lililonse ndipo kumalola anthu ambiri omwe sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito shuga kukhala moyo wonse. Koma pali zina zomwe zingakupangitseni kumva bwino, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1 komanso matenda a shuga.
Nkhaniyi ithandizira owerenga kudziwa kuti ndi zotsekemera ziti zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo ndi ziti zomwe zingakhale bwino kupewa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga.
Zokomera zimagawidwa:
- Zachilengedwe.
- Zopanga.
Zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo:
- sorbitol;
- fructose;
- xylitol;
- stevia.
Kuphatikiza pa stevia, zotsekemera zina zimakhala kwambiri ndi zopatsa mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, xylitol ndi sorbitol ndizotsika katatu kuposa shuga malinga ndi kutsekemera, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwazinthu izi, muyenera kuwerengera zowerengera zopatsa mphamvu.
Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso mtundu wa 2 shuga, mwa mankhwalawa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito stevia kokha, monga zovulaza kwambiri.
Zokoma Zopangira
- saccharin;
- Asipere;
- cyclamate.
Xylitol
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a xylitol ndi pentitol (mowa wa pentatomic). Amapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsa cha chimanga kapena kuchokera ku mitengo yomata.
Ngati gawo la muyeso wokoma titenga kukoma kwa nzimbe wamba kapena shuga, ndiye kuti mu xylitol mgwirizano wa kutsekemera uli pafupi ndi 0.9-1.0; ndipo mphamvu yake ndi 3.67 kcal / g (15.3 kJ / g). Kuchokera pamenepa zimatsimikizira kuti xylitol ndiwopatsa mphamvu kwambiri.
Sorbitol
Sorbitol ndi hexitol (mowa wa atomu-sikisi). Chogulitsachi chili ndi dzina lina - sorbitol. Mwachilengedwe chake chimapezeka mu zipatso ndi zipatso, phulusa lamapiri limakhala lochulukirapo. Sorbitol imapezeka kudzera makutidwe ndi okosijeni a shuga.
Ndi ufa wopanda utoto, wowoneka bwino, wokoma, osungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, wolephera kuwira. Zokhudzana ndi shuga wokhazikika, kutsekemera kwa xylitol kumachokera ku 0,48 mpaka 0.54.
Ndipo phindu la malonda ake ndi 3.5 kcal / g (14.7 kJ / g), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti, monga zotsekemera m'mbuyomu, sorbitol ndiwopatsa mphamvu, ndipo ngati wodwala wokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 adzachepera, ndiye kuti kusankha sikolondola.
Fructose ndi zina
Kapena mwanjira ina - shuga shuga. Ndi wa monosaccharides a gulu la ketohexosis. Ndi gawo lofunikira la oligosaccharides ndi polysaccharides. Imapezeka mu uchi, zipatso, timadzi tokoma.
Fructose imapezeka ndi enzymatic kapena acid hydrolysis ya fructosans kapena shuga. Chogulitsacho chimaposa shuga mkoma ndi nthawi za 1,3-1.8, ndipo mtengo wake wopatsa mphamvu ndi 3.75 kcal / g.
Ndi madzi osungunuka, ufa oyera. Fructose ikatenthedwa, amasintha pang'ono.
Kulowetsedwa kwa fructose m'matumbo kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kumawonjezera masitolo a glycogen mu minofu ndipo imakhala ndi antiketogenic. Zadziwika kuti ngati shuga asinthidwa ndi fructose, izi zidzatsogolera kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha caries, ndiye kuti, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa. kuti zovulaza ndi zopindulitsa za fructose zilipo mbali ndi mbali.
Zotsatira zoyipa za kudya kwa fructose zimaphatikizidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri paulendowu.
Chovomerezeka cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha fructose ndi 50 g. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri komanso amakonda hypoglycemia.
Stevia
Chomerachi ndi cha banja la Asteraceae ndipo ili ndi dzina lachiwiri - lokoma bifolia. Masiku ano, chidwi cha akatswiri azakudya ndi asayansi ochokera kumaiko osiyanasiyana chakhazikitsidwa ku chomera chodabwitsa ichi. Stevia imakhala ndi calorie glycosides otsika mkaka, ndimakhulupilira kuti palibe chabwinoko kuposa stevia kwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu uliwonse.
Sodium ndi gawo la masamba a stevia. Izi ndizovuta zonse za zotulutsira glycosides zomwe zimayeretsedwa kwambiri. Shuga amaperekedwa ngati ufa woyera, wosagwirizana ndi kutentha komanso wosungunuka kwambiri m'madzi.
Gramu imodzi ya zotsekemera izi ndi zofanana ndi magalamu 300 a shuga wokhazikika. Kukhala ndi kutsekemera kokoma kwambiri, shuga samachulukitsa glucose wamagazi ndipo alibe mphamvu, chifukwa chake zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi mankhwala ati abwino kwambiri a matenda a shuga a 2
Kafukufuku wamankhwala ndi zoyeserera sanapeze zotsatira zoyipa. Kuphatikiza pa kutsekemera, chilengedwe cha stevia chotsekemera chili ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhala zoyenera kwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu uliwonse:
- hypotensive;
- okodzetsa;
- antimicrobial;
- antifungal.
Zonda
Cyclamate ndi mchere wa sodium wa cyclohexylaminosulfate. Ndi ufa wosungunuka pang'ono pang'ono wamadzi pang'ono.
Mpaka 2600C cyclamate ndiyokhazikika pamankhwala. Mwakukoma, imaposa maulendo 25-30, ndipo cyclamate yomwe imalowetsa mu timadziti ndi zothetsera zina zomwe zimakhala ndi organic acid imakhala yokoma maulendo 80. Nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi saccharin poyerekeza 10: 1.
Chitsanzo ndi malonda "Tsukli". Mlingo wotetezeka wa tsiku lililonse wa mankhwalawa ndi 5-10 mg.
Saccharin
Chochitachi chidawerengedwa bwino, ndipo chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotsekemera kwazaka zopitilira zana. Sulfobenzoic acid kuchokera komwe mchere woyera umayesedwa ndi yoyera.
Ichi ndi saccharin - ufa wowawa pang'ono, wosungunuka bwino m'madzi. Kukoma kowawa kumakhala pakamwa nthawi yayitali, kotero gwiritsani ntchito kuphatikiza kwa saccharin ndi buffer ya dextrose.
Saccharin amapeza kakomedwe kowawitsa mukamaphika, chifukwa cha izi, ndibwino kuti musawiritse chindoko, koma kumusungunula m'madzi ofunda ndikuwonjezera chakudya chokonzeka. Pa kukoma, 1 gramu ya saccharin ndi shuga 450, omwe ndi abwino kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga a 2.
Mankhwalawa amalowetsedwa m'matumbo pafupifupi kwathunthu ndipo kuzungulira kwakukulu kumachitika mu minofu ndi ziwalo. Zambiri mwa izo zimaphatikizidwa ndi chikhodzodzo.
Mwina pa chifukwa ichi, nyama zoyesera zomwe zimayesedwa ndi saccharin zidayamba khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Koma kafukufuku wowonjezereka adakonzanso mankhwalawo, kutsimikizira kuti ndiotetezeka kwathunthu.
Aspartame
L-phenylalanine ester dipeptide ndi aspartic acid. Sungunuke bwino m'madzi, ufa woyera, womwe umataya kukoma kwake panthawi ya hydrolysis. Aspartame imadutsa sucrose ndi nthawi 150-200 mu kukoma.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji kashiamu wotsika kalori? Ndi asitomala! Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa aspartame sikukuthandiza pakupanga ma caries, ndipo kuphatikiza kwake ndi saccharin kumawonjezera kutsekemera.
Pulogalamu yamapiritsi yotchedwa "Slastilin" imapezeka. Piritsi limodzi lili ndi 0,018 magalamu a yogwira mankhwala. Mpaka 50 mg / kg yolemetsa thupi zitha kumumwa tsiku lililonse popanda ngozi.
Mu phenylketonuria, "Slastilin" imatsutsana. Omwe ali ndi vuto la kusowa tulo, matenda a Parkinson, matenda oopsa ayenera kutenga asipirini mosamala, kuti asayambitse matenda amtundu uliwonse.
