Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri ndiwo matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta za endocrine. Amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidwi cha ma cell receptors kuma cell opangidwa ndi kapamba.

Pathology siyothandiza kuthandizira ndipo imafuna kutsatira moyo wonse pakudya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kuti magazi azikhala opanda malire.

Mtundu 2 wa shuga

Pali mitundu ingapo ya sah. matenda ashuga:

1. Zachikazi - mkhalidwe wa prediabetes mwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matendawa. Pakadali pano, matenda azachipatala ndi a labotale a matenda amapezeka.
2. Zobisika - kusintha pang'ono kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonedwa. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga sizimawoneka, koma zipatso za m'magazi a plasma mukatha kudya zimachepa pang'onopang'ono kuposa zabwinobwino.
3. Zofotokozedwa - zodziwika bwino za matenda ashuga amadziwika. Zizindikiro za shuga mu mkodzo ndi magazi zimaposa zovomerezeka.

Matendawa amatha kuchitika mosiyanasiyana:

1. Pa giredi 1, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga sizimawonedwa. Mafuta a m'magazi amawonjezereka pang'ono, shuga mu mkodzo kulibe.
2. Ndi madigiri awiri owonetsera matendawa, amayamba kuonekera kale. Shuga amadziwika mkodzo, ndipo glucose amatuluka m'magazi oposa 10 mmol / L.
3. Digiri yachitatu ya matenda ashuga kwambiri. Mphamvu zamagazi m'magazi am'madzi ndi mkodzo zimaposa kuchuluka kovuta, ndipo zizindikiro za kukalamba kwa hyperglycemic coma zimawonedwa. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi jakisoni wa insulin amafunikira.

Mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga ndiowopsa chifukwa cha zovuta zake.

Akulu kuchuluka kwa shuga mu madzi am`magazi amachititsa kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi ziwalo zamkati, zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kwa izi:

1. Atherosulinosis. Shuga owonjezera amachititsa kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake ndi zinthu za magazi ndi kapangidwe ka cholesterol plaque pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi.
2. Retinopathy. Chifukwa chophwanya magazi, madzi am'mimba amawonongeka, ndipo nthawi imayamba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale khungu.
3. Nephropathy. Kusintha kwa minyewa ndi komwe kumayambitsa kuperewera kwa impso, komwe kumaphwanya ntchito zawo zowonekera komanso zosefera ndipo zimathandizira kupanga kulephera kwa impso.
4. Pathology imayambitsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda.
5. Kuchepetsa magazi kutsitsa kumapangitsa kuti mpweya ubwere m'mtima, bongo, kumayambitsa mathero amitsempha. Zonsezi zimakwiyitsa chitukuko cha ischemia, matenda oopsa, sitiroko ndi mtima.
6. Coma. Kukwanira kosakwanira kwamisempha yokwezeka kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga ndi zovuta zowopsa - hyperglycemic coma. Mwakutero, kusowa kwa chithandizo chakanthawi kumatha kubweretsa imfa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

The pathogenesis ya mtundu 2 matenda a shuga ndikuchepetsa chidwi cha ma cell receptors kuti apange insulin. Thupi silikhala ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa mahomoni, koma ntchito ya insulin imalephera, maselo ake sazindikira ndipo samachita. Chifukwa chake, glucose sangalowe mu minofu, ndipo kukhazikika kwake m'magazi kumakulanso.

Mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga 1, matenda amtundu wa 2 amapangidwa mwa akulu pambuyo pa zaka 35, komanso osachiritsidwa. Pazomwezi pamakhala chifukwa chosowa mankhwala a insulin, ndipo mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi kudya mosamalitsa amafunikira, chifukwa chake mtundu uwu wa shuga umatchedwa osadalira insulini.

Chikhulupiriro cha matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 sichimamveka bwinobwino.

Gulu lamavuto limaphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi zotsatirazi pamaso pawo:

• madigiri osiyanasiyana a kunenepa;
• kubadwa mwabadwa;
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwakanthawi (diuretics, mahomoni, corticosteroids);
• matenda opatsirana;
• nthawi yobereka mwana;
• matenda a chiwindi;
• zovuta za endocrine;
• zolimbitsa thupi zochepa;
• kuvutitsidwa kwa maswiti ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri othamanga;
• chizolowezi chomangodya zopatsa mphamvu zochepa;
• nthawi yayitali yovuta;
• mowa ndi chikonga;
• matenda oopsa
• mtundu ndi jenda mwa akazi amapezeka ndi matenda pafupipafupi kuposa amuna, ndipo oimira mtundu wakuda nthawi zambiri kuposa ku Europe.

Zizindikiro zamatsenga

Matendawa amatenga nthawi yayitali popanda kuwonetsa zizindikiro zazikulu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuzindikira kwa matenda mu gawo loyambirira la mapangidwe.

M'tsogolo, mutha kulabadira izi:

• ludzu losakwanira ndi chilakolako chokwanira;
• kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kutulutsa mkodzo wambiri;
• kugona tulo ndi masana;
• kutaya mphamvu, kusakwiya;
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe;
• kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa thupi;
• kuyanika kwa mucous nembanemba zamkamwa ndi pakhungu;
• kumverera kwa kuyabwa;
• kutuluka thukuta, makamaka usiku;
• chizolowezi cha matenda opatsirana;
• mawonekedwe a zotupa komanso ovuta kuchiritsa zotupa za pakhungu;
• matenda amkamwa;
• dzanzi la miyendo;
• kupweteka kwam'mutu komanso nseru.

Zizindikiro

Diagnostics imayamba ndikusonkhanitsa deta ya odwala. Dokotalayo ali ndi chidwi ndi madandaulo a wodwalayo, zomwe zidachitika kale komanso zomwe zikuyenda nawo, momwe amakhalira komanso zizolowezi zake, komanso milandu ya omwe adapezeka ndi abale ake apamtima. Kuwona wodwala kumachitika, kuwerengetsa kwa kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri ndi muyeso wa kupsinjika.

Gawo lotsatira ndikuphunzira mayeso:

1. Kusanthula kwa mkodzo kupezeka kwa matupi a ketone ndi shuga. Kwa odwala matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi acetone mu mkodzo kumakulitsidwa.
2. Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi kuchokera kuchala chala pamimba yopanda kanthu kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Shuga pamisempha yoposa 6 mmol / l amawonetsa kukula kwa matendawa.
3. Mayeso a kulolerana ndi gluu. Magazi amatengedwa kawiri. Nthawi yoyamba pambuyo pa kusala kudya kwa maola 8, ndipo chachiwiri maola angapo wodwalayo atatha kugwiritsa ntchito shuga. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wachiwiri, momwe zizindikiritso zimaposa 11 mmol / l, zimatsimikizira kuti adziwe.
4. Kuyesa kwa glycosylated hemoglobin.

Njira zochizira

Kukula pang'ono kwa matendawa kumalola kukhalabe ndi glucose ofunikira pazakudya zokha komanso kuwonjezereka kwa ntchito yamagalimoto a wodwala. Nthawi zambiri, izi ndizokwanira.

Ngati zotsatira zake sizingatheke kapena kuwonjezereka kwa shuga wa plasma kumayang'aniridwa, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala.

Kukonzekera

Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimayamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amodzi, ndipo mtsogolomo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala angapo kumayikidwa. Nthawi zina, pitani ku mankhwala a insulin.

Pochiza matenda a shuga, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:

• timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri tambiri (Sitagliptin, Starlix);
• Metformin - mankhwala omwe amachititsa chidwi cha ma cell receptors ku insulin;
• vitamini wokhala ndi ascorbic acid, mavitamini A, E ndi gulu B;
• mankhwala ochepetsa shuga (Siofor, Glucofage);
• mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga mumkodzo ndi madzi a m'magazi, ndikubwezeretsa chidwi cha receptors (Rosiglitazone);
• Kukonzekera kwa sulfonylurea (glimepiride, chlorpropamide).

Kusintha kwa Zakudya Zabwino

Kuti izi zitheke, odwala ayenera kusiya zotsatirazi:

• mbale zokhala ndi mchere wambiri, zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira;
• nyama zophika, zokazinga ndi zopukutira;
• zinthu zophika buledi kuchokera ku ufa wa tirigu, makeke ndi maswiti;
• masoseji ndi pasitala kuchokera ku mitundu ya tirigu yofewa;
• nsomba, nyama ndi mkaka wokhala ndi mafuta ambiri;
• misuzi ya zokometsera ndi mafuta;
• mpunga woyera, semolina ndi mafuta a nyama;
• msuzi wokoma, timadziti tambiri, khofi wamphamvu.

Zogulitsa zomwe ziyenera kukhala maziko a zakudya:

• mpunga wa bulauni, barele wa ngale, burwheat, msuzi wa tirigu wa durum;
• tirigu wathunthu ndi mkate wa rye;
• zitsamba zatsopano, masamba ndi zipatso zopanda zipatso;
• skim mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa;
• nsomba zam'nyanja, nsomba zopanda mafuta ndi nyama, nyama ya nkhuku, nkhuku ndi kalulu;
• decoctions zipatso ndi tiyi wopanda shuga;
• mafuta a masamba, mtedza, nyemba ndi mazira.

Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuonedwa:

• mbale zimasenda makamaka, kuwotchera ndi kuphika;
• shuga amasinthidwa ndi zotsekemera zachilengedwe;
• Payenera kukhala zakudya zitatu zazikulu ndi zakudya zazing'ono ziwiri patsiku;
• magawo akhale ochepa - simuyenera kudya kwambiri, koma simuyenera kumva njala;
• kutenga mavitamini ovuta;
• kupatula mowa;
• samadya mazira ndi zipatso mobwerezabwereza kangapo pa sabata;
• Musanadye komanso mutatha kudya, pimani shuga.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kutsatiridwa kufikira kumapeto kwa moyo. Kuphatikiza ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, kudya ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonzanso mankhwala.

Chifukwa cha zakudya zoyenera, mutha kuchepetsa kunenepa, kuchepetsa matenda othamanga magazi komanso kupewa kuchulukana kwa glucose. Izi zimathandizira kuti matendawa athetse matenda komanso kupewa.

Phunziro la kanema wokhudza zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga 2:

Zithandizo za anthu

Infusions ndi decoctions a mankhwala azitsamba angathandize kuchepetsa magazi, koma njira zamakhalidwe azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha povomerezana ndi adokotala komanso kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi zakudya:

1. Peel 30 g wa ginger, zilowerere ola limodzi m'madzi ozizira komanso pogaya. Thirani mu 250 ml ya madzi owiritsa ndikuyimira maola awiri. Sefa ndi kuchepetsa ndi tiyi, kumwa m'mawa ndi madzulo.
2. Sakanizani 0,5 tsp. tsamba lam Bay, turmeric ndi aloe madzi. Apatseni ola limodzi kuti ayime ndi kudya mphindi 30 asanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso chamadzulo.
3. M'magalasi 4 amadzi, kutsanulira 100 g a akanadulidwa owuma Yerusalemu artichoke. Bweretsani chithupsa ndi kusitha kwa ola limodzi kuposa kutentha kochepa. Tengani 50 ml tsiku lililonse.
4. M'makapu 1.5 amadzi owiritsa, ponyani zidutswa 10 za masamba a bay. Pambuyo kuwira kwa mphindi pafupifupi 7, wiritsani kwa maola asanu. Sefa ndikugawa magawo atatu. Aliyense amamwa masana. Pumulani kwa milungu iwiri ndikubwereza.
5. Pogaya buckwheat kukhala ufa ndi supuni yosakaniza ndi 100 ml ya kefir. Aime kaye usiku ndikumwa m'mawa. Bwerezani musanagone.
6. Pogaya theka ndimu yayikulu ndi udzu winawake kapena muzu wa parsley. Kuyiwalitsa mphindi 10 kuyambira nthawi yophika ndikudya supuni yayikulu musanadye kadzutsa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo.

DM 2 mwa ana

M'mbuyomu, matenda ashuga a 2 anali matenda a okalamba, koma tsopano zamankhwala zikuwonjezerekanso muubwana.

Makolo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi la mwana ndipo ayenera kufunsa dokotala ngati zizindikiro zotsatirazi zazindikira:

• kukakamiza pafupipafupi kumwa ndi maulendo pafupipafupi kupita kuchimbudzi;
• kugona kusokonezeka ndi kusinthasintha;
• kulumikizana;
• thukuta;
• matenda a mano ndi kuwonongeka kwakumaso;
• kuchepa thupi mwadzidzidzi kapena kuwonda;
• kumva kugontha ndi miyendo;
• mawonekedwe a kuyabwa;
• kufooka kwathunthu ndi kutopa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga kuubwana zimaphatikizapo:

• kudya chakudya
• mavuto a kudya;
• kutengera kwa chibadwa;
• zolimbitsa thupi zochepa;
• matenda a shuga kwa mayi panthawi yapakati;
• kunenepa
• matenda opatsirana komanso mavairasi.

Chithandizo cha matendawa mu ana chimadalira pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kusintha kwa zakudya kupatula zakudya ndi maswiti ambiri.

Kuchokera njira zachikhalidwe, mutha kuyesa njira izi:

• 1 tbsp. l sakanizani viniga cider viniga mu 250 ml ya madzi ndikupatsa mwana kuti amwe 50 ml mu milingo ingapo;
• sungunulani kotala la supuni ya supuni ya 250 mu mkaka wofunda ndikupatsa mwana tsiku lililonse;
• Finyani madzi kuchokera kumiyala yam'miyendo ku Yerusalemu ndipo mumatenga 100 ml m'mawa, masana ndi madzulo kwa masabata anayi.

Kanema wochokera kwa dokotala wotchuka wa dokotala Komarovsky wokhudza matenda a shuga kwa ana:

Kupewa

Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa matendawa kumatha kupewa chifukwa chotsatira moyo wabwino.

Ndikofunika kutsatira mfundo zingapo:

• patsani tsiku ndi tsiku malo ochepetsa kapena masewera;
• sinthani kulemera kwanu, kupewa kuwoneka ngati mapaundi owonjezera;
• kutsatira zakudya zopindulitsa, kudya chakudya kangapo 5 patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, kuchepetsa shuga ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri othamanga;
• musaiwale za madzi oyera - imwani magalasi 6 tsiku lililonse;
• onjezerani chitetezo chokwanira potenga mavitamini;
• lekani kumwa mowa ndi chikonga;
• Osadzilimbitsa, kumwa mankhwala okhawo omwe mwalangizidwa ndi dokotala;
• miyezi 6 iliyonse amayesedwa;
• ngati zizindikiro zowopsa zikapezeka, osazengereza, funsani dokotala.

Njira zodzitetezera zomwe zingalepheretse chitukuko cha matenda a shuga sizitengera ndalama ndipo sizimabweretsa zovuta. Ndipo monga mukudziwa, matendawo ndi osavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiritsa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kutenga thanzi lanu mozama ndikupewa kuchitika kwa matenda akulu.