Kodi ntchito kapamba m'thupi ndi chiyani?

Zikondwererozi zimatithandizira kukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zoyendetsera kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi.

Udindo wake ndikupanga mahomoni omwe amathandizira kugaya chakudya ndikuwongolera kagayidwe.

Chiwalo chimadziwika ndi ntchito zambiri.

Ntchito zolimbitsa thupi

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zathupi ndi izi:

• m'mimba
• zachinsinsi;
• zamanyazi;
• endocrine.

Gawo la magulu a magulu:

Udindo waukulu ndikupanga madzi a pancreatic, popanda kupukusa komwe sikungatheke. Palibe juwisi, chakudya chomwe chilandilidwa sichingabisidwe. Amachepetsa kukwiya kwa hydrochloric acid omwe ali m'mimba, kupewa kuti adziwonongeke.

Magwero angapo amasiyanitsa ntchito zazikulu ziwiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kapamba m'thupi la munthu. Izi ndi ntchito za exocrine komanso intracecretory.

Zochita zachinsinsi zakunja

Ntchitoyi imapangidwa ndikupanga madzi a thupi ndi thupi, omwe ali ndi ma enzymes oyenera kugaya chakudya. Pancreatic fluid ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito yogaya chakudya. Mchere wopangidwa umalowa mu duodenum.

Pancreatic secretion, monga secretion ya m'mimba, imakhala ndi ma enzymes, koma amasiyana kwambiri pakupanga. Madzi ndi madzi ndi lakuthwa zamchere anachita.

Muli zinthu izi:

• chonde;
• amylase;
• trypsinogen;
• lipase;
• carboxypeptidase;
• chymotrypsinogen;
• elastase.

Amylase ndi gawo limodzi lokhazikika la madzi, chifukwa amatha kusintha ngakhale wowuma kuti akhale shuga. Lipase ndiyosakhazikika ndipo nthawi yomweyo imataya ntchito chifukwa cha ma acid. Koma enzyme imeneyi imakhudzidwa ndi kuyamwa kwamafuta.

Trypsinogen ndi yofunika koma puloteni yofunikira - ntchito yake ndikuphwanya mapuloteni. Koma popeza enzyme iyi imatha kuchita zankhanza ndikubweretsa kudzimbidwa kwa ndulu, imawoneka mwa kapangidwe kake monga proenzyme (njira yoyambirira ya puloteni ya trypsin). Trypsin imapangidwa pakudya chimbudzi kuchokera ku trypsinogen.

Pakati pazinthu zina zamadzimadzizo, pali:

• ma sulfates;
• mankhwala ena a potaziyamu, sodium, calcium;
• phosphates;
• ma bicarbonates okhudza malo amchere wa pancreatic fluid.

Zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse ndi madzi omwe amapatsidwa ndi 50-1500 ml. Amadziwika ndi kupanikizana komweku kwa magazi ndi magazi. Kuphatikiza pa ma enzyme, katulutsidwe ka kapamba limaphatikizapo maziko am'madzi-electrolyte, omwe amapezeka pakapangidwe kake. Chiwerengero cha ma electrolyte mumadzimawo chimasinthasintha.

Pancreas amatha kupanga ma enzyme ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala mtsogoleri pakati pa ziwalo zina zonse pachizindikirochi. Kupatula kumachitika ndi kukondoweza. Chochititsa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa ntchito za procrine ndi kudya kwa anthu.

Zakudya zamafuta ndi mowa wotengedwa ndi anthu zimachulukitsa katundu pa chiwalo, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa vuto pantchito yake. Poyerekeza ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, njira zotupa zimakonda kuchitika m'matumbo.

Zochita mkati mwachinsinsi

Intra-mobisa ntchito ndi gawo la thupi mu kagayidwe kachakudya njira. Makamaka mchala wa kapamba, mumakhala maselo amtundu wa endocrine omwe amapanga mahomoni.

Maselo amenewa amatchedwa islets of Langerhans, omwe ndi endocrine glands. Amakhala ndi gawo laling'ono: pafupifupi 2% ya pancreatic misa.

Zisumbu zimaberekanso mahomoni ndikupanga magaziwo. Zisumbuzo zimakhala ndi mitundu itatu yamaselo.

Mtundu uliwonse wamaselo umatulutsa mahomoni enaake: glucagon amapangidwa ndi maselo-cell, ma cell a β-amaphatikizidwa ndikupanga insulin, ndipo ma cell a δ-cell amapanga somatostatin.

Glucagon insulin ndi mosiyana pakuchitapo kanthu. Insulin amachepetsa shuga, magazi - amawonjezera ndende yake.

Machitidwe otsatirawa amakhala ndi insulin:

• kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa khungu;
• kayendedwe ka shuga m'maselo.

Chifukwa cha mahomoni, shuga, omwe amalowa m'maselo am'matumbo ndi maselo a chiwindi, amasinthidwa kukhala glycogen. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin, shuga, yomwe yalowa m'maselo a mafuta, amasinthidwa kukhala mafuta.

Insulin imakhudzidwa makamaka pakupanga mapuloteni. Kuperewera kwa mahomoni kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga.

Matendawa amachititsa kuchepa kwamadzi amthupi, kusowa kwamadzi nthawi zonse komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi acid, omwe amakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda osokoneza bongo komanso kufa.

Glucagon, mosiyana ndi insulin, imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Hormone imathandizira kuchepa kwa glycogen mkati mwa chiwindi. Ndi machitidwe ake, mafuta amasintha mwachangu kukhala chakudya, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Hormat somatostatin, monga insulin yokhala ndi glucagon, imagwira ntchito za endocrine m'thupi. Imagwira mwachangu ndi glucagon. Chifukwa cha somatostatin, kupangika kwachilendo kwa glucagon kumasungidwa. Hormoni, ngati kuli koyenera, imalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa glucagon.

Malo ndi kapangidwe kake

Zikondamoyo ndi gawo lotalika. Mtundu wake umakhala ndi mitundu yoyera ndi imvi. Dzinalo limanenanso malo omwe ali pamimba, zomwe sizowona konse. Pansi pamimba, ndi pamene munthu wagona. Mwa munthu amene waima, amakhala pamkhalidwe womwewo ndi m'mimba. Kapangidwe ka ziwalo zogwirizana ndi zina.

Anatomical kapangidwe

Tizilombo timene timakhala kumbuyo kwa m'mimba ndipo timakumana ndi duodenum. Ili mkati mwa peritoneum kukhoma lakumbuyo kwam'mimba, kutengera msana womwe ili pamlingo wa 1st ndi 2nd lumbar vertebrae.

Kwa thupi, zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizodziwika bwino:

• kulemera - pafupifupi 75 g;
• kutalika kwazizindikiro mu akulu ndi 14-21 cm;
• pafupifupi mulitali - 3-8 cm;
• makulidwe - pafupifupi 3 cm.

Mphamvu ya kapamba imaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu: mutu, thupi, ndi mchira.

Mutu ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri. Kukula kwake ndi masentimita 3.5. Ndi gawo ili lomwe limachita nawo gawo la chimbudzi. Pafupifupi mchira, chiwalo chimachepa kwambiri.

Mutu umagunda mosasunthika ku duodenum ndipo umayanjana ndi izi kotero kuti chomaliza chimakhala ngati chovala akavalo kuzungulira. Mutu umalekanitsidwa ndi thupi la chithokomiro ndi poyambira pomwe mtsempha wamtokomo umakhalapo.

Thupi la gland ndi laling'ono masentimita 1 kuposa mutu wake ndipo limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ngati kanthambo.

Ili ndi mbali zotsatirazi:

• kutsogolo, kuloza kumbuyo kwa m'mimba;
• kumbuyo, moyandikana ndi msana, mitsempha yotsika, zotupa zam'mimba;
• wotsika, wotsikira pansi ndi mtsogolo.

Mchirawo uli ndi mawonekedwe a chulu ndipo amawongolera kupita kumanzere. Ili pafupi ndi ndulu. Kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi 3 cm.

Kupyola kutalika konse kwa limba kumadutsa kupendekera kwakukulu komwe kumatsikira mu duodenum. Ziwalo zonse zili mgulu loteteza minofu yolumikizidwa.

Chiwalo chimadziwika ndi kupatsa magazi kwabwino - mitsempha ndiyoyenera mbali zake zonse. Mitsempha yamafinya imayandikira mchira ndi thupi, ndipo m'munsi komanso kumtunda kwa pancreatoduodenal kumafikira kumutu. Chifukwa cha mitsempha ya pancreatoduodenal, kutuluka kwa magazi kumachitika kuchokera ku chiwalo.

Omvera chisoni, komanso ma parasympathetic mantha system, amapatsanso chiwalocho mitsempha bwino. Yoyamba imapereka chifukwa cha celiac plexuses, yachiwiri - chifukwa cha mitsempha ya vagus.

Ndi kupweteka kwambiri kwa munthu polimbana ndi kapamba, amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala pansi ndikukhala ndi chidwi chamtsogolo. Kuima kwa thupi komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wochepetsera katundu pazinthu zodwala kuchokera kumbali ya m'mimba ndi msana, komwe kumathandizira kufooketsa kupweteka kwa ululu.

Mapangidwe azambiriyakale

Zikondwererozo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a-alveolar-tubular, omwe amagawidwa mu lobules. Pakati pawo pali mitsempha, zimbudzi ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Mothandizidwa ndi ma ducts, chinsinsi cha kutulutsa timayisonkhanitsa ndikunyamula kupita kumtunda waukulu.

Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu a kapamba - woyamba amatchedwa exocrine, wachiwiri - endocrine.

Gawo lazopusa limatenga 98% ya kuchuluka kwathunthu. Zimaphatikizapo ma dini a acini ndi ma excretory. Mmodzi wa iwo, wotchedwa pancreatic duct, amapita mwachindunji mu duodenum.

Ziphuphuzo ndizazungulira mozungulira, kukula kwake ndi ma virus a 150. Ziphuphuzi zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya maselo.

Maselo oyamba amakhala a ductal ndipo amatchedwa epithelial cell, chachiwiri ndi chinsinsi, amatchedwa exocrine pancreatocytes. Chiwerengero cha maselo achinsinsi chimachokera ku 8 mpaka 12.

Kapangidwe ka acini kamayimiriridwa ndi ductalal duct komanso dipatimenti yobisika. Zingwe zolowa ndi zolumikizana ndi ma dacts omwe ali mkati mwake, omwe amalowera m'malo ozungulira.

Zotsirizirazi zimadutsa mu ma ducter a ma bacteria, polumikizana ndi wamba.

Gawo la endocrine ndi 2% ya zodzala. Kapangidwe kake kakuphatikiza ndi zisumbu za Langerhans, zomwe zili pakati pa acini.

Masango awa amasiyanitsidwa ndi ziphuphu ndi minyewa yolumikizana. Zilumbazi zimalowa kwambiri kudzera ndi ma capillaries.

Kuphatikiza pakupanga insulin, glucagon ndi somatostatin, maselo a islet amatulutsa mahomoni monga vasoactive peptide ndi pancreatic polypeptide.

Kochepa, maselo a zisumbu za Langerhans amakhala ndi wankhanza komanso gastrin. Hormoni yoyamba imakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka malingaliro, chachiwiri chimakhudzidwa ndi gawo la matumbo pakugaya.

Momwe mungadziwire zizindikiro za kutupa?

Njira zotupa mu kapamba zimachitika molingana ndi zizindikiro zingapo. Chachikulu ndi kuperewera kwa m'thupi. Nthawi zambiri, ululu umawonekera mwa munthu mutadya chakudya chamafuta kwambiri kapena zonunkhira.

Mitundu itatu yamatsitsi imatha kuwonetsa kukula kwa kutupa mthupi:

• mavuto ndi katulutsidwe wakunja;
• yotupa yotupa;
• Kulephera pakubisika kwamkati.

Ngati pali vuto pantchito ya exocrine, ndiye kuti munthuyo ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kusokonekera kwa misomali;
• chisa chofowoka, chosonyezedwa kukhetsa kwawo;
• kuchepa kwambiri kwamphamvu m'thupi;
• pafupipafupi kutsegula m'mimba, nseru;
• angulitis (wagwidwa pakona pakamwa).

Syndrome-yowononga yotupa imawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiritso zapadera za chitukuko cha kutupa kwambiri:

• kuzizira;
• kufooka kwa minofu;
• kupweteka kwambiri mu peritoneum;
• nseru
• khungu kamvekedwe ka khungu;
• kusadya bwino;
• kupweteka kwa molumikizana.

Matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kulephera kwa intracecretory ntchito akuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kupanga osauka a insulin;
• kukula kwa matenda a shuga;
• kusagwira bwino ntchito pakuwonekera kwa thupi ndikupanga glucose womwe ukubwera.

Kanema wokhudzana ndi chizindikiro cha matenda apamba:

Chomwe chimayambitsa kutupa ndi kapamba, yemwe amatha kuphimba mbali yonseyo ndi ziwalo zake.

Momwe ululu umapwetekera zimatengera gawo liti la chiberekero cha moto:

• ndi kutukusira kwa thupi la gland - ululu pamkamwa;
• ndi yotupa njira mchira - kupweteka kumanzere hypochondrium;
• ndi matenda am'mimba yonse - kupweteka padziko lonse lapansi pamimba, mpaka kufikira scapula, kumbuyo;
• ndi yotupa m'mutu - kupweteka kwa hypochondrium yoyenera.

Pancreatitis imatha kukhala ndi mitundu yovuta komanso yovuta. Matendawa amadziwika ndi zizindikiro wamba, nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa munthu atamwa mowa kapena zakudya zamafuta.

Zizindikiro za kapamba ndi izi:

• nseru
• kutentha kwambiri;
• kupweteka kwam'mimba
• kuwonjezeka pamimba;
• kusanza kwambiri;
• kulimbikira;
• mawonekedwe a kuyabwa pakhungu;
• chikasu pakhungu.

Mawonekedwe owopsa a matendawa amadziwika ndi kusinthana kwa nthawi zowawa komanso kupezeka kwawo. Ululu umakhala wowawa kwambiri munthu akagona kumbuyo kwake. Mu chifuwa chachikulu cha kapamba, kupweteka kumachitika makamaka usiku ndi pamimba yopanda kanthu. Komabe, kudya sikuwapatsa mphamvu. M'tsogolo, nthawi zakhululuka zimatha kuchitika.

Kusamalira bwanji chitsulo?

Kusunga magwiridwe anthawi zonse ndikofunikira:

• Osamadya kwambiri kapena kulimbitsa chiwalo;
• kuchepetsa kumwa mowa, mafuta ndi zakudya zokazinga;
• munthawi yake kuchitira gallstone matenda;
• kudya zakudya kuphatikizapo zakudya zinayi patsiku;
• letsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kophatikiza kwa chakudya chamagulu ndi mapuloteni a nyama;
• kuyang'anira kudya calorie, kukhala wathanzi;
• munthawi yake azichitira matenda okhudzana ndi matumbo ndi m'mimba;
• Pamaso pa chifuwa chachikulu, werengani dongosolo la kukonzekera.

Kanema wochokera kwa Dr. Malysheva okhudza kusamalira kapamba:

Mwachidule, pali zikuluzikulu zitatu za chisamaliro:

• zakudya zoyenera kupatulapo mowa, zakudya yokazinga ndi mafuta kuchokera kuzakudya;
• Kuchotsa kwakanthawi kwa miyala yomwe idawoneka m'ndulu chifukwa chowopsa cholowera kulowa m'malowo;
• opaleshoni mankhwala a matenda ammimba.

Zokhudza thanzi lanu labwino. Mowa ndi kusuta fodya ndizomwe zimayambitsa pancreatitis mwa anthu. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa poizoni wambiri m'thupi munthawi yoyenera mwa kudya mokwanira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa enzyme.