Endocrine dongosolo ndi kufunika kwake mthupi la munthu

Inde, owerenga okondedwa, tikhululukireni, koma kuti tiwatsimikizire kuti dongosolo la endocrine ndilofunika kwambiri m'moyo, kuonetsetsa zochitika za thupi lonse, tidzatembenukira pazitsanzo zomwe zingapangitse kuyambitsako kukhala kotsimikizika, koma kothandiza kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake - manambala amatsenga ndi khumi ndi awiri.

M'mbiri ya anthu, zidagwira ntchito yopatulika. Tangolingalirani: ophunzira ake 12 adatsata Kristu; chifukwa cha zochuluka zake 12, Hercules adatchuka; Milungu 12 idakhala ku Olympus; Mu Buddha, munthu amadutsa magawo 12 a kubadwanso.

Zitsanzozi zikugwirizana ndi zochitika komanso zowona zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi nambala khumi ndi iwiri. Ndipo pali zitsanzo zambiri zotere. Ndikokwanira kukumbukira mabuku ndi kanema.

Chifukwa chake, sizachilendo kuti malingaliro apadziko lonse, polenga munthu, "adalamulira" kotero kuti ndizolondola kapangidwe ka zinthu khumi ndi ziwiri komanso zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimayang'anira moyo wa munthu.

Zambiri ndi ntchito zake

Dongosolo la endocrine ndi zovuta zovuta zomwe zimayang'anira mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni magwiridwe antchito amkati mwa munthu. Ma mahomoni opangidwa ndi maselo apadera amalowa m'magazi nthawi yomweyo, kapena mwa kusokonekera, akusunthira malo ophatikizika, ndikulowera maselo oyandikana.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, makina a endocrine amatha kufananizidwa ndi dipatimenti yoyang'anira bizinesi, yomwe imagwirizanitsa, kuyang'anira ndikuwonetsetsa mgwirizano wa madipatimenti ndi ntchito, kuwerenga ziwalo za anthu.

Kupitiliza lingaliro la kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka endocrine, amathanso kufananizidwa ndi autopilot, chifukwa, monga chida chamlengalenga, chimapereka mosasintha thupi kuti lisinthe chilengedwe. Ali mu "kulumikizana" pafupi kwambiri kapena, makamaka, mogwirizana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.

Mtundu wa zolengedwa zomwe zikuwunika mthupi zomwe zimachitika mthupi ndimakhalidwe amachitidwe achisoni, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zinthu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe zimachitika mthupi lonse.

Mahomoni opangidwa ndi ziwalo, minyewa ndi maselo amatenga nawo mbali muzochititsa manyazi zamagulu. Kugawa kwawo kumachitika kudzera pama media media (lat. Humor - fluid), monga zamitsempha, magazi, timadzi tating'onoting'ono, malovu.

Pfotokozera mwachidule pamwambapa, ndizotheka kusiyanitsa (tsatanetsatane) cholinga chazomwe tikuchita:

1. Amatenga nawo mbali pakuwongolera kayendedwe ka mankhwala, motero kuwongolera zochitika zoyenera za thupi lonse.
2. Posintha zochitika zachilengedwe (malo okhala), homeostasis imasungidwa, ndiye kuti, kuyang'aniridwa koyenera koyenera kwa thupi - kumbukira autopilot.
3. Poyanjana kwambiri ndi chitetezo chamthupi komanso zamanjenje, zimapangitsa kuti munthu azichita bwino: Kukula, chitukuko cha kugonana, ntchito yobereka, kubadwitsa, kusunga ndi kugawa mphamvu.
4. Poyanjana mwachindunji ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, limaphatikizidwa popereka zochitika za psychophysical ndi zochitika.

Zinthu zapakati

Ngati "maudindo" ambiri "agawidwa" ku dongosolo la endocrine, pamakhala funso labwino: ndani ndipo amatenga nawo mbali bwanji?

Zomwe zimapangidwira.

1. Endocrine. Ndi ziwalo izi zomwe zimapanga mahomoni (pituitary, pineal, grenal gren, gland).
2. Ma cell opanga mahomoni. Amagwira onse endocrine ndi ntchito zina. Izi zimaphatikizapo hypothalamus, thymus, kapamba.
3. Maselo amodzi kapena kusokoneza dongosolo la endocrine.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti gawo la ntchito za endocrine lidatengedwa ndi chiwindi, matumbo, ndulu, impso, ndi m'mimba.

Chithokomiro

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, kapena m'moyo wosavuta watsiku ndi tsiku, "chithokomiro cha chithokomiro" ndi chiwalo chaching'ono cholemera osaposa magalamu 20, chomwe chili m'munsi mwa khosi. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha malo omasulira - kutsogolo kwa cartilage ya chithokomiro. Muli ndi lobes ziwiri zolumikizidwa ndi isthmus.

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimapanga mahomoni okhala ndi ayodini omwe amagwira ntchito mwachangu ndikuthandizira kukula kwa maselo amodzi.

Zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro - mahomoni a chithokomiro - zimathandizidwanso m'njira imeneyi. Zimakhudza osati kuthamanga kwa njira za metabolic zokha, komanso zimathandizira maselo ndi minofu yomwe ikukhudzidwa nawo.

Kufunika kwa zinthu zotulutsidwa za chithokomiro zomwe zimalowa nthawi yomweyo m'magazi ndizovuta kuzimeza.

Mukukumbukira fanizo ndi autopilot kachiwiri? Chifukwa chake, zinthu izi “zodziwikiratu” zimatsimikizira kayendedwe kabwino ka ubongo, mtima ndi mitsempha, matumbo am'mimba, ntchito ya ziwalo zoberekera ndi mkaka, ndi ntchito yobala thupi.

Nyimbo

Chithokomiro cha thymus chimakhala kuseri kwa sternum kumtunda kwake.

Amapangidwa m'magawo awiri (lobes), yolumikizidwa ndi minofu yolumikizidwa yotayirira.

Monga tidavomereza kale, timatha kulankhulana momveka bwino momwe zingathere kwa owerenga.

Chifukwa chake - tikuyankha funsolo: "thymus" ndichani, ndipo - cholinga chake ndi chiyani? Ma Lymphocyte, asirikali amwazi ndi oteteza thupi, ndi mu chithokomiro cha thymus pomwe amapeza zinthu zomwe zimawathandiza kupirira maselo omwe, chifukwa cha zochitika zina, amakhala achilendo kwa thupi la munthu.

Thymus ndi gawo lofunikira lachitetezo cha chitetezo. Kuwonongeka kapena kuchepa kwa magwiridwe ake amtundu kumapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa chitetezo cha thupi. Sikoyenera kuyankhulanso zotsatira zake.

Matenda a parathyroid

Nzeru za anthu ndizolondola: Mulungu adalenga munthu, koma sanamupatse magawo. Ndi zotupa za parathyroid zomwe ndi ziwalo zamunthu zomwe sizingatheke m'malo mwake zomwe zimayendetsa kagayidwe ka calcium phosphorous.

Amatulutsa mahomoni a parathyroid. Ndiye amene amalamulira ndikuwongolera zomwe zili mu phosphorous ndi calcium m'magazi. Izi zimakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito a minofu ndi mafupa a thupi.

Kuchotsa kapena kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo izi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa koopsa pazomwe zimakhala calcium m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kukhudzidwa ndi kufa.

Pochiza matenda a parathyroid gland, mankhwala amakono nthawi zonse amakhala ndi vuto lofanana ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni ya endocrinologist - kusunga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magazi ake ndi okwanira.

Adrenal glands

O, thunthu ili ndi impso, ma thumbo a adrenal. Zinali zosatheka kuphatikiza chilichonse?

Iwo likukhalira kuti ayi. Ngati chilengedwe chimawalekanitsa, ndiye kuti chinali chofunikira. Kuti timveke bwino, tazindikira kuti: impso ndi adrenal glands ndi ziwalo ziwiri zosiyana, zokhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Tizilombo ta adrenal ndimomwe amaphatikizira tiziwalo ta endocrine. Iliyonse ili pamtunda "impso" zawo pafupi ndi mtengo wapamwamba.

Tizilombo ta adrenal timagwira ntchito zoyang'anira timagulu tambiri, samangokhala pakupanga chitetezo chokwanira, komanso m'njira zina zofunika zomwe zimachitika m'thupi.

Izi ziwalo za endocrine "zimapanga" mahomoni anayi ofunikira a anthu: cortisol, androgens, aldosterone ndi adrenaline, omwe amachititsa kuti mahomoni azikhala bwino, kuchepetsa nkhawa, kugwira ntchito kwa mtima ndi kunenepa.

Zikondamoyo

Chiwalo chachiwiri chachikulu kwambiri chomwenso chimagwira ntchito zosakanikirana zapadera chimatchedwa kapamba.

Popeza tatha kuyang'ana “owerenga” owerenga, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ili pakapanda pamimba, pomwe imagwirira ntchito molimbika. Ndipo ngati simukudziwa komwe ili "zinger" ili, yomwe ili ndi zizindikilo zonse zofunikira za thupi, mchira ndi mutu, ndiye kuti muli ndi mwayi - zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi kapamba wabwino.

Koma kuti tithane ndi kusiyana komwe timapeza, kuli kofunikira kufotokozera komwe iko:

• mutu uli pafupi ndi duodenum;
• thupi lili kuseri kwa m'mimba;
• mchira pafupi ndi ndulu.

Kupitiliza lingaliro losokonekera lazokhudza cholinga chamanja ndi kapamba, ndikofunikira kufotokozera:

1. Ntchito yakunja, yomwe timakumbukira, imatchedwa exocrine, imakhala pakugawidwa kwa madzi a pancreatic. Muli ma enzymes am'mimba, omwe, amathandizanso pakugaya.
2. Maselo a secretion yamkati (endocrine) amatulutsa mahomoni omwe amagwira ntchito yoyendetsera kagayidwe kazakudya - insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide.

Amitundu

Amtunduwu adapangidwa kuti apereke ntchito yautatu:

• kupanga ndi kulumikizana kwa maselo a germ;
• umuna;
• zakudya ndi kuteteza mwana wosabadwayo mthupi la mayi.

Poganizira za magwiridwe antchito a magawo achimuna ndi achikazi, zofunika zitatu ziyenera kudziwika:

• gonads;
• maliseche;
• copulative kapena, mwanjira ina, ziwalo zoyerekezera.

Popeza nkhaniyi imakamba za dongosolo la endocrine, ndiye kuyankhula za chinthuchi chomwe chimapezeka kumabadwo, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kufunikira kwa mahomoni achimuna ndi achikazi.

Androgens - mahomoni ogonana a maselo achimuna ndi ma estrogens - mwachilengedwe, achikazi, amathandizira kwambiri ku kagayidwe, mgwirizano wogwirizana wa thupi lonse ndipo amachititsa kuti pakhale njira yoberekera yokha komanso kukula kwa machitidwe achiwerewere.

Androgens amatsimikizira kukula koyenera ndi magwiridwe antchito, zolimbitsa thupi zokhala ndi mawonekedwe achimuna, kumanga minofu, kukulitsa mawu osintha ndi mawu ochepa.

Estrogens amapanga thupi lokongola wamkazi, amakula timimba tating'onoting'ono, kusintha nthawi ya msambo, kupanga malo abwino kuti mwana akhale ndi pakati.

Maganizo olakwika ndi akuti mahomoni achimuna amapangidwa m'thupi laimuna, ndipo mahomoni achikazi amapangidwa m'thupi la akazi. Ayi - ndi ntchito yogwirizana ya mitundu yonse iwiriyi yomwe ilipo mwa munthu, mosaganizira jenda, yomwe imapangitsa kuti thupi lonse lizigwira ntchito bwino.

Gland

Udindo wogwira ntchito ndi kufunikira kwa zofunikira pituitary m'miyoyo ya anthu ndizovuta kuzidalira.

Ndikokwanira kungonena kuti amapanga mitundu yoposa 22 ya mahomoni opangidwa mu adenohypophysis, kutsogolo kwa hypovis, ndi:

1. Somatotropic. Tithokoze iye, munthu amakula, ndikupeza mawonekedwe oyenera omwe amagogomezera jenda.
2. Gonadotropic. Mwakufulumizitsa kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni ogonana, kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa ziwalo zoberekera.
3. Prolactin kapena lactotropic. Imalimbikitsa mawonekedwe ndi kulekanitsa mkaka.
4. Thirotropic. Imagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri pakukhudzana ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro.
5. Adrenocorticotropic. Kuchulukitsa katulutsidwe (katulutsidwe) ka ma glucocorticoids - mahomoni a steroid.
6. Pancreatic. Ili ndi phindu pogwira ntchito ya intrasecretory gawo la kapamba, lomwe limatulutsa insulin, lipocaine ndi glucagon.
7. Parathyrotropic. Amayendetsa gwero la parathyroid pakapangidwe kashiamu kulowa m'magazi.
8. Mahomoni amafuta, chakudya ndi mapuloteni.

Kumbuyo kwa pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), mitundu yotsatirayi ya mahomoni imapangidwa:

1. Antidiuretic kapena vasopressin. Chifukwa cha kukopa kwake, kupendekera kwamitsempha yamagazi kumachitika ndipo kukodza kumachepetsedwa.
2. Oxetocin. Vutoli, lovuta kupanga, "limatenga" gawo lolingalira pakubala komanso kubereka, kumachepetsa chiberekero komanso kutulutsa kamvekedwe ka minofu.

Epiphosis

Pineal gland, kapena monga amatchedwanso pineal gland, amatanthauza fungo lamphamvu la endocrine. Amawonetsedwa mthupi ngati gawo lomaliza la zida zowonera.

Ndi mawu ati oti asankhe kutsindika kufunikira kwa chiwalo monga pineal gland?

Inde, tikufunika zitsanzo zotsimikizika:

• Rene Descartes amakhulupirira kuti pineal gland ndiye woteteza moyo wa munthu;
• Schopenhauer - adawona pinial gland ngati "loto lamaloto";
• yogis kunena kuti iyi ndi chakra wachisanu ndi chimodzi;
• ma esotericists amatitsimikizira kuti munthu amene adzuke chiwalo chogona chija adzalandira mphatso ya clairvoyance.

Mwachilungamo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti asayansi ambiri, powona kukonda kwambiri zinthu zakuthupi, atengera malingaliro osintha omwe amaika patsogolo "diso lachitatu" la epiphosis.

Ndikufuna makamaka kutsindika za gawo la pineal gland pakuphatikizika kwa melatonin - mahomoni otero okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri.

Zimakhudza kwambiri:

• kusinthanitsa kwa pigment;
• pamiyambo yanyengo ndi tsiku;
• pa zogonana;
• pa kukalamba, kuchepetsa kapena kuwathandizira;
• mapangidwe azithunzi zowoneka;
• m'malo kugona ndi kugona;
• kaonedwe ka mitundu.

Gome la mahomoni mu mawonekedwe awonetsedwe likuwonetsa kapangidwe ka endocrine system:

Makanema otchuka a sayansi:

Mwachidule

Polankhula za kuphwanya munjira ya njira ya endocrine yolumikizana ndi kukanika kapena kudwala kwa machitidwe ena, mwachitsanzo amabwera kwa apongozi ake aakazi, omwe mpongozi wawoyo sangathe kuwasangalatsa. Chilichonse cholakwika ndi iye.

Zomwezo ndi dongosolo la endocrine - onse okhala ndi Hyperfunction (kuchuluka kwa mahomoni) komanso ndi hypofunction (kusowa kwake), kusagwira ntchito kwa ma gland, zotulukapo zake ndizovuta za thupi lonse la munthu. M'mawu oti tinene: ndipo zakuti ndipo choncho ndi zoipa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta za endocrine zitha kukhala zosiyana:

1. Zovuta za chapakati mantha dongosolo: zamavuto a m'maganizo, nkhawa kwambiri, mitsempha, njira yotupa.
2. Zingwe zomwe zimakhudza timinyewa ta endocrine.
3. Zowonongeka zam'deralo m'magazi: kuvulala, kuwonda.
4. Kutupa chifukwa cha ma virus, mabakiteriya kapena ma radiation.
5. Zotsatira zamagetsi - mavuto azakudya: kuchepa kwa ayodini, chakudya chopatsa mphamvu, ndi zina zambiri.
6. Zolinga za chibadwidwe.

Kudziwitsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a pathogenesis, ziyenera kudziwitsidwa kuti kukhazikitsa poyambira matenda amtundu wa endocrine kukhoza kuphwanya lamulo ili:

• glandular yoyamba;
• chitsulo;
• makulidwe.

Nawonso vuto la mtundu uliwonse limakhala ndi zovuta zake:

1. Matenda oyamba a glandular Amayamba chifukwa cholephera kwa biosynthesis (kupanga) mahomoni opangidwa ndi zotumphukira za endocrine.
2. Mavuto azitsulo zimachitika pakakhala kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a mahomoni okhala ndi ma cell apadera a ma cell ndi minofu, komanso chifukwa cha kagayidwe ka timadzi ta m'magazi.
3. Matenda a Centrogenic. Zomwe zimayambitsa kupezeka kwawo ndizowonongeka kwa minofu ya muubongo: kuvulala, kuwonda, ndi chotupa.

Ziwalo zonse zofunika zimalumikizidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi ma endocrine machitidwe omwe amayendetsa ndikuwongolera nthawi yonse ya moyo wa munthu. Kulephera kapena kusokonezeka kulikonse kwa kayendedwe kovuta kameneka kumabweretsa kutsimikizika kwa mtundu wonse wachilengedwe, wokhala ndi zotsatirapo zosasinthika.