Matenda a shuga a retinopathy

Retinopathy ndimatenda omwe mitsempha yamagazi ya retina imakhudzidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, zovuta zazikulu ndi magazi ake zimatha kuchitika. Njira yodwala matenda ashuga ndi imodzi mwazovuta zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism m'thupi. Mu matenda ashuga, izi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu lizigwiritsa ntchito. Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga retinopathy chitha kukhala chosasangalatsa kapena kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Kusankhidwa kwa njira kumatengera kuchuluka kwa matendawa komanso kuopsa kwa mavuto amaso.

Zifukwa

Monga zovuta zina zambiri za matenda ashuga, retinopathy imachitika chifukwa cha kukweza shuga kwa magazi kwakanthawi. Chiwopsezo chotenga matenda amtunduwu ndi chachikulu makamaka kwa odwala omwe samanyalanyaza zakudya komanso chithandizo chamankhwala, chifukwa shuga wawoyo salipiridwa.

Kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa retina kwakukulu kumadalira "chidziwitso" cha matenda oyamba. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mwa odwala omwe akhala akudwala matenda a shuga kwa zaka zopitilira 2, odwala matenda ashuga retinopathy amawonekera pokhapokha 2-10% ya milandu. Mu gulu la odwala omwe akhala akudwala kwa zaka zopitilira 10, matenda amtunduwu amapezeka mu sekondi iliyonse. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kwa zaka zopitilira 20, retinopathy imawoneka milandu 95-100%.

Tsoka ilo, ndizosatheka kupewa mavuto athunthu ndimatumbo amaso, chifukwa ngakhale ndi matenda opatsirana bwino a shuga, kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kamakhudzana ndi capillaries, mitsempha ndi mitsempha yathupi lonse. Izi makamaka zimakhudza zombo zazing'ono, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu ingiopathies. Maso amapatula, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazida zomwe zimayang'aniridwa makamaka ndi matenda a shuga.

Kuphatikiza pa shuga wambiri, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha retinopathy ndikuwonjezera njira yake. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• cholesterol yamagazi yayikulu;
• kuthamanga kwa magazi;
• matenda a kutupa ndi impso
• kunenepa kwambiri;
• uchidakwa komanso kusuta fodya;
• kuchuluka kwa maso masana.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga safuna kukhala nthawi yayitali akuwonera TV kapena kompyuta. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi ndi mawonekedwe osintha mwadzidzidzi kumatha kusokoneza maonedwe omwe ali kale pachiwopsezo

Limagwirira a chitukuko cha matenda

Ndi retinopathy, kayendedwe ka magazi ka minofu ya m'maso kamasokonekera. Zilibe mpweya ndi michere, kotero njira ya masamu, mwatsoka, pakapita nthawi imasokoneza masomphenya aumunthu. Monga lamulo, kudwala kumeneku kumakhudza maso onse awiri, koma nthawi zina pamatha kutchulidwa pang'ono.

Kuchuluka kwa glucose kumabweretsa kuti mafuta amtunduwu samalowa mulingo woyenera m'maselo. Chifukwa cha izi, kufalikira kwa magazi ku retina kumacheperachepera, ndipo thupi limayamba kupanga mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi poyesa kuisintha. Amakula kuchokera ku capillaries omwe alipo, koma njira zotere sizitsogolera ku chabwino chilichonse. Zombo zatsopano zimakhala zotsika, zimakhala zosalimba komanso zofooka, chifukwa chake, zotupa zimatha kupezeka m'maso mwa wodwala. Kutupa ndi magazi mu retina kapena vitreous kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu.

Kuopsa kwa khungu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumakhala kochulukirapo ka 25 kuposa kwa munthu wathanzi. Ndipo ndimayendedwe enieni a shuga a retinopathy omwe nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zotsatirazi. Kuti mukhale ndi kuwona moyenera, sikofunikira kungodziwa matenda munthawi yake, komanso kuyamba kuthandizidwa moyenera, chifukwa popanda kuchiritsa odwala pafupifupi 80% ya odwala, retinopathy imapitilira ndipo zimapangitsa kuti masomphenyawo athetse.

Magawo a retinopathy

Matenda a shuga

Matendawa samakula pa liwiro la mphezi, monga lamulo, zaka zingapo zimadutsa kuchokera pachiwonetsero cha kusintha kwa pathological mpaka chizindikiro choyamba chitawonekera. Ndiye chifukwa chake kupezeka kwamatenda kumayambiriro kumapangitsa kuti njirayi ichepetse pang'onopang'ono ndikuwonetsetsa. Matenda a shuga a retinopathy amakhala m'magawo atatu:

• osachulukitsa;
• kuperekera;
• kuchuluka.

Pa gawo loyamba, ma capillaries amakhala osalimba, chifukwa nthawi zina amasweka ndikutuluka magazi. Gawo ili limatchedwa kuti losakula, chifukwa njira yowonjezerera (kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamagazi) ikusowekabe. Limbitsani ziwiya ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwawo mu gawo loyamba pogwiritsa ntchito madontho apadera a maso ndi physiotherapy. Kuphatikiza pa kusintha kwa retina, edema yotchulidwa ya retina imadziwika pamenepa, yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri pakatikati pake.

Pakadutsa matendawa, kusintha kwa ma capillaries kumakulirakulira chifukwa chotulutsa mitsempha ndi ma venological (ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono zazing'onoting'ono) m'njira imeneyi. Kutupa kumachulukanso, kumachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa gawo loyamba. Ndipo ngakhale kuchulukana sikunawonedwe, kuwona kwa wodwalayo kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Mitsempha yamagazi imayamba kusintha mawonekedwe ake abwinobwino, imakhala yokongola kwambiri, imatha kuwirikiza ndikusintha makulidwe a lumen. Chifukwa cha izi, magwiridwe antchito awo amakhala operewera, zomwe zimakhudza mkhalidwe wamaso ndi thanzi la wodwalayo.

Gawo lomaliza la retinopathy ndilowonjezereka. Uku ndiko kusiyanasiyana komwe kumayambitsa matendawa, pomwe mitsempha yatsopano yomwe idalephera imapangika mu retina. Madera omwe zotupa zimapezeka m'mbuyomu zimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi minofu yowonjezera ya protein. Ma hematomas enieni amapangika nthawi zambiri ndipo amatha kuchitika osati pa retina, komanso pa vitreous (gawo loyang'ana ndi maso pakati pa retina ndi mandala). Zotupa zosafunikira zimasokoneza kusinthana kwakanthawi kwamadzi mu minyewa ya diso, zomwe zimabweretsa kutupa kwambiri. Kuopsa kwa gawo lachitatu ndikuwonetsa kuti kusintha kotereku kungayambitse glaucoma (kuchuluka kwazovuta za m'magazi), kuzungulira kwa khungu, komanso khungu.

Zizindikiro

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga retinopathy zimatengera gawo la matendawa. Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko chake, wodwalayo samadandaula kalikonse. Nthawi zina, munthu amatha kutopa kwambiri kapena kutaya mtima kwakanthawi. Gawo loyamba la retinopathy lingapezeke mwa kupenda fundus ndi mwana wokula (kuphunzira kumachitika pa zida zapadera za ophthalmological). Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo ayenera kudziwa kuwongolera kwakuthupi, kuyeza kukakamira kwa ma intraocular ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, aziwonjezera maphunziro owonjezera.

Ngati kuphwanya kwapezeka koyambirira, wodwalayo amakhala ndi mwayi wopitiliza kuona kwa zaka zambiri.

Mu gawo lachiwiri la matenda, wodwalayo amatha kusokonezedwa ndi izi:

• kuchepa kowoneka bwino;
• kupweteka m'maso;
• kuwoneka kwa mizere yowala ndi ma dotolo patsogolo pa maso;
• usiku.

Pamwambowo, masomphenya amagwa mofulumira kwambiri kotero kuti nkosatheka kuzizindikira. Nthawi zina, miseru ya m'magazi ikasintha, imatha kusintha kwakanthawi, koma mphamvu zolimba, mwatsoka, sizimaliza kunena kuti kupezeka kwa kusintha kwamkati mu retina. Pamene retinopathy ikupita, zizindikiro zonse zimakulirakulira.

Wodwalayo akalibe kuthandizidwa pa nthawi yake, amatha kusiya kuona

Chithandizo

Sibwino kuchitira retinopathy ngati matenda odziyimira pawokha popanda kupanga shuga m'magazi, chifukwa ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, njira zazikulu zamankhwala zimapangidwira pakukonza zovuta za kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi. Matenda a kuthamanga kwa magazi, kulimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri ndikukhalanso ndi thanzi la impso ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga njira yothandizira kuti muchotse matenda osokoneza bongo.

Kupititsa patsogolo mawonekedwe amaso, onse othandizira komanso othandizira opaleshoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusankhidwa kwa njira yoyenera kumadalira gawo la retinopathy komanso njira yayikulu ya matenda ashuga.

Chithandizo cha Conservative

Njira zochizira matenda a matenda ashuga retinopathy, mwatsoka, sizingabwezeretse bwinobwino momwe zimakhalira retina. Koma amatha kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa matenda am'mimba ndikusintha pang'ono magwiridwe antchito a choroid. Ndalama zonse zakwanuko ndizolinga zobwezeretsa njira za metabolic, kayendedwe ka magazi ndi kusinthana kwa mafuta. Zabwino koposa zonse, amathandizira magawo oyamba a matendawa, pomwe kusintha kwakupweteka sikunakhale kofunika kwambiri.

Kukonzekera kwa mankhwalawa retinopathy kuyenera kusankhidwa kokha ndi dokotala. Musanagwiritse ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo, kuphatikiza pa Optometrist, alumikizane ndi endocrinologist, chifukwa si mankhwala onse omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda ashuga. Pofuna chithandizo chamankhwala, akatswiri a maso amatha kulimbikitsa ndalama ngati izi:

• madontho okhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere kuti asinthe njira zama metabolic;
• mankhwala opaka mafuta kuthana ndi maso owuma;
• maso akutsikira kuti aletse matenda amkati (ali ndi mavitamini ofunikira ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa magazi kuzungulira).

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chakomweko, ndikofunikira kuti odwala azitsatira zakudya. Zakudya zonse zothamanga zamagalimoto zimayenera kusankhidwa kwathunthu kuchakudya, ndipo mafuta a nyama ayenera kusinthidwa kuti azikhala ndi mafuta azamasamba othandiza (maolivi, maelesi, ndi zina). Mkate Woyera, maswiti aliwonse ndi zakudya zina zokhala ndi chizimba cha glycemic amaletsedwanso, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumachulukitsa nthawi ya matenda ashuga, motero mkhalidwe wa retina. Chakudya cha wodwalayo chimayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi zakudya zomwe zimaphwanya mafuta ndi mafuta ochepa m'magazi. Izi zimaphatikizapo nsomba zam'mtsinje ndi nyanja zopanda mafuta, oatmeal, broccoli, Yerusalemu artichoke, adyo ndi masamba ena omwe amaloledwa kukhala ndi shuga.

Mankhwala othandizira

Chithandizo cha laser cha retinal pathologies ndi njira yamakono komanso yopweteka yothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la maso. Pali mitundu itatu ya chithandizo chotere:

• kuchuluka kwa mitsempha ya magazi;
• ntchito kukhazikitsa mankhwala apadera mkati mwa diso;
• kuchotsedwa kwa vitreous (vitrectomy).

Kupanga ziwiya za retina ndi ntchito yothandizidwa ndi malo amodzi payekha, omwe amachitidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu. Chifukwa cha momwe zimasinthira, madera athanzi samakhudzidwa, ndipo m'malo ovuta magazi amanjenjemera ndipo njira yakukula imayima. Opaleshoniyo imalola odwala kuti azitha kuona m'mawonekedwe achiwiri komanso chachitatu cha matendawa, koma nthawi zina sizithandiza, ndipo ophthalmologist angalimbikitse njira zowonjezereka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito laser kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga ma microscopic osavulaza madera akuluakulu amaso. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchira pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zogwirira ntchito, mankhwala ena apadera omwe amadziwika kuti Lucentis (yogwira pophika ndi ranibizumab) akhonza kuyambitsa thupi lamphamvu. Mankhwalawa amalepheretsa kuchulukana ndikuyenda bwino kwa magazi, amachepetsa edema. Kuwona acuity ambiri mwa odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa kumawonjezeka chaka chonse. Nthawi zina, kuonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwalawa, imayikidwa limodzi ndi laser cauterization yamitsempha yamagazi.

Ngati njira zomwe zili pamwambazi sizikuthandizira, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi vitollomy. Kuchita opareshoni kumachitika pansi pa mankhwala oletsa kupweteka, chifukwa thupi lamphamvu limachotsedwa nthawi yonseyo. Wotsalira m'malo mwa mawonekedwe a saline wosabala amayikidwa m'malo mwake. Pochita opaleshoni, dokotala amakhalanso othandizira ziwiya zofunikira pa retina kuti asiye kukula. Munthawi yakukonzanso, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala ndi mutu wapadera kwakanthawi, komwe ophthalmologist ayenera kuchenjeza. Zimatengera mtundu wamalo omwe umalowa m'malo mwa vitreous (nthawi zina, m'malo mwa saline, mafuta kapena kutsamira kwa mpweya umayikidwa mkati mwa diso).

Kupewa

Kuwongolera zakudya komanso kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino kwa onse odwala matenda ashuga.

Njira zodziwika bwino zopewera mavuto amaso ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi chifukwa cha maso, kudzikongoletsa m'maso ndi kuyesetsa kutsatira malangizo a katswiri wa maso. Pakakhala mavuto akulu, wodwalayo amayenera kukaonana ndi oculist kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma ngati pakufunika kutero, dokotala angalimbikitse mayeso omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi. Posakhalitsa, pafupifupi onse odwala matenda ashuga amakumana ndi retinopathy. Koma pokhapokha atazindikira mozama, njira yodutsitsa matenda imatha kuchepetsedwa ndikuyimitsidwa kwazaka zambiri, kwinaku ndikusintha kwamunthu.