Hyperosmolar coma mu matenda a shuga - chithandizo choyamba ndi zina

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa chifukwa cha zovuta zake.

Munthu, malinga ndi malingaliro oyenera, atha kukhala ndi iye zaka zambiri kapena, mosiyana, amathandizira kuwonongeka kwakuthupi komanso zodabwitsa monga hyperosmolar coma.

Etiology ndi pathogenesis

Chikumbumtima cha hyperosmolar coma chimakhudzana ndi moyo wa munthu. Amawonedwa makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo komanso nthawi zambiri okalamba, ana - osayang'aniridwa ndi makolo. Chochititsa chachikulu ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pamaso pa hyperosmolarity komanso kusowa kwa acetone m'magazi.

Zomwe zimapangitsa izi:

  • kuchepa kwakukulu kwa madzimadzi ndi thupi chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali pakukodzetsa, kutsegula m'mimba kapena kusanza, ndi zotupa;
  • insulin yokwanira chifukwa chophwanya insulin kapena ngati sichichita;
  • kuchuluka kwa insulin, kumatha chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, matenda opatsirana, kuvulala, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kapena kuyambitsa shuga.

The pathogenesis ya ndondomekoyi sichikudziwikiratu. Amadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakwera kwambiri, ndikupanga insulin, m'malo mwake, imachepa. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose kumatsekeka, ndipo impso zimasiya kuzikonza ndikuzipaka mkodzo.

Ngati kutayika kwakukulu kwa madzi ndi thupi, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amayendayenda kumachepa, kumakhala kowonda kwambiri komanso osmolar chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso sodium ndi potaziyamu.

Zizindikiro za kukomoka kwa hyperosmolar

Hyperosmolar coma ndimapangidwe apang'onopang'ono omwe amapezeka kwa milungu ingapo.

Zizindikiro zake zimachulukana pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimawonekera motengera:

  • kuchuluka kwa mkodzo;
  • ludzu lochulukirapo;
  • kuchepa thupi kwakanthawi kochepa;
  • kufooka kosalekeza;
  • kuyanika kwambiri pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba;
  • kuwonongeka kwa thanzi.

Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumawonetsedwa pakusafuna kusuntha, kutsika kwa magazi ndi kutentha, komanso kuchepa kwa kamvekedwe ka khungu.

Nthawi yomweyo, pali zizindikiro zamitsempha, zowonetsedwa mu:

  • kufooketsa kapena kuchulukitsa kwakukulu kwa Reflex;
  • kuyerekezera;
  • kusokonekera kwa mawu;
  • mawonekedwe a kugwidwa;
  • chikumbumtima;
  • kuphwanya kwamtundu wa kayendedwe.

Pakakhala palibe zokwanira, stupor ndi chikomokere zimatha, zomwe mu 30 peresenti za milandu zimabweretsa kufa.

Kuphatikiza apo, monga zovuta zikuwonekera:

  • khunyu;
  • kutupa kwa kapamba;
  • mitsempha yakuya;
  • kulephera kwa aimpso.

Njira zoyesera

Kuti mupeze matenda olondola komanso mankhwala omwe ali ndi matenda a hyperosmolar coma mu shuga, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa matenda. Zimaphatikizapo magulu awiri akuluakulu a njira: kusonkhanitsa anamnesis ndi kuyesa kwa wodwala ndi mayeso a labotale.

Kuyesedwa kwa wodwala kumaphatikizapo kuwunika momwe alili malinga ndi zomwe tafotokozazi. Chimodzi mwa zofunikira ndi kununkhira kwa acetone mumlengalenga wotulutsa wodwala. Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro zamitsempha zimawonekera bwino.

Pa maphunziro a labotale, magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe glucose concentration, osmolarity, sodium concentration amawunikira. Glucose amawerengera mkodzo, onse biomatadium amawunikira acidosis ndi matupi a ketone.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingapangitse wodwala chimodzimodzi zimayesedwanso:

  • milingo ya hemoglobin ndi hematocrit;
  • kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera;
  • urea nayitrogeni ndende m'magazi.

Ngati mukukayikira kapena ngati mukufunikira kuzindikira zovuta, njira zina zoyeserera zitha kuperekedwa:

  • Ultrasound ndi X-ray ya kapamba;
  • electrocardiogram ndi ena.

Kanema wofufuza za matendawa ku matenda ashuga:

Chithandizo cha matenda a mtima

Njira zochizira zitha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri: chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa ndi chithandizo chowonjezereka kuti mubwezeretse mkhalidwe wamthupi.

Kusamalira mwadzidzidzi

Ndi comerosmolar coma, maudindo a munthu amakhala ovuta ndipo amayamba kuvuta ndi mphindi iliyonse, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti amupatse thandizo koyenera kuti amuchotsere vutoli. Katswiri wokhazikika yemwe angapereke chithandizo chotere, komwe wodwala amayenera kutengedwa posachedwa.

Ma ambulansi akuyenda, muyenera kumuika munthu mbali imodzi ndikuphimba ndi china chake kuti muchepetse kutentha. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kupuma kwake, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, pumulani mwamagetsi kapena kutulutsa mtima wosalunjika.

Mutha kuyezanso shuga m'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, ndipo pokhapokha ngati ndi wokwera (!) Chitani jakisoni wa insulin pansi pa khungu.

Atalowa kuchipatala, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mayeso ofulumira kuti adziwe zoyenera, kenako mankhwala amayikidwa kuti amuchotsere wodwalayo pamavuto akulu. Amamuika kudzera m'madzi amadzimadzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala yankho la hypotonic, kenako amasinthana ndi isotonic. Pankhaniyi, ma electrolyte amawonjezeredwa kuti athetse metabolism yama-electrolyte yam'madzi, ndi yankho la glucose kuti ikhalebe yokhazikika.

Pankhaniyi, kuyang'anira mayendedwe nthawi zonse kumakhazikitsidwa: kuchuluka kwa glucose, potaziyamu ndi sodium m'magazi, kutentha, kuthamanga ndi kugwedezeka, mulingo wa matupi a ketone ndi acidity ya magazi.

Onetsetsani kuti mukutuluka kwamkodzo kuti mupewe edema, yomwe imabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa, nthawi zambiri wodwala amapatsidwa catheter.

Zochita zina

Mothandizirana ndi kubwezeretsa bwino kwa mankhwalawa, chithandizo cha insulin chimaperekedwa kwa wodwala, kuphatikiza intravenous kapena mu mnofu makonzedwe a mahomoni.

Poyamba, mayunitsi 50 amabweretsedwa, omwe amagawidwa pawiri, ndikuyambitsa gawo limodzi mozungulira, ndipo lachiwiri kudzera minofu. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi hypotension, ndiye kuti insulin imaperekedwa kudzera m'magazi okha. Kenako kukokoloka kwa mahomoni kumapitirira mpaka glycemia ifike 14 mmol / L.

Mwakutero, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse, ndipo ngati ukutsika mpaka 13.88 mmol / l, glucose amawonjezeredwa ku yankho.

Madzi ambiri omwe amalowa mthupi amatha kupangitsa edema kukhala m'magazi; pofuna kupewa, wodwalayo amapatsidwa njira yokhazikika yolimbirana ndi glutamic acid mu mililitala 50. Pofuna kupewa thrombosis, heparin ndi mankhwala ndipo magazi amawunikira.

Nkhani ya kanema:

Kuneneratu ndi Kuteteza

Kukula kwa matendawo kumadalira nthawi yothandizidwa. Posakhalitsa itaperekedwa, kuphwanya kocheperako komanso zovuta zomwe zimachitika mu ziwalo zina. Zotsatira za kuphwanya kuphwanya ziwalo, zomwe m'mbuyomu zidalibe. Choyamba, chiwindi, kapamba, impso ndi mitsempha yamagazi zimakhudzidwa.

Ndi chithandizo chakanthawi, zosokoneza ndizochepa, wodwalayo amadzizidwanso m'masiku ochepa, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumapangitsa, ndipo zizindikiro za chikomizo zimatha. Amapitilizabe moyo wake wamasiku onse popanda kumva kuwawa.

Zizindikiro zamitsempha zimatha kukhala milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwambiri, sikutha kuchoka, ndipo wodwalayo amakhalabe wolumala kapena wolumala. Kusamalira mochedwa kumakhala ndi zovuta zambiri mpaka pakufa kwa wodwala, makamaka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda ena.

Kupewera kwa vutoli ndikosavuta, koma kumafuna kuwunikira nthawi zonse. Amakhala ndi kuwongolera ma pathologies a ziwalo zamkati, makamaka mtima wamtima, impso ndi chiwindi, popeza amatenga nawo gawo limodzi pachitukuko cha izi.

Nthawi zina hyperosmolar coma imapezeka mwa anthu omwe sakudziwa matenda awo a shuga. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kulabadira zomwe zikuwonetsa, makamaka ludzu losalekeza, makamaka ngati pali achibale m'banjamo omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.

Ndikofunikanso kutsatira malingaliro a dokotala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga:

  • Nthawi zonse amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi;
  • kutsatira zakudya zomwe zimayikidwa;
  • Osaphwanya chakudyacho;
  • Osasintha mlingo wa insulin kapena mankhwala ena nokha;
  • Osamamwa mankhwala osalamulirika;
  • kuwona dosed zolimbitsa thupi;
  • kuwunika zisonyezero zamayiko.

Zonsezi ndi njira zopezeka kwathunthu zomwe muyenera kungokumbukira. Kupatula apo, matenda a shuga amachitika chifukwa cha moyo wosayenera ndipo chifukwa chake chimabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa.

Pin
Send
Share
Send