"Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga padziko lapansi m'zaka zaposachedwa, kapamba nthawi zambiri samawonedwa ngati chakudya chokwanira, koma monga gwero lomwe limatulutsa insulini - mahomoni omwe amayang'anira shuga.
Koma yemwe adadziwonera yekha zovuta zonse za chifuwa chachikulu, amakhala akudziwa kuti lipase ndi enzyme yomwe imaphwanya mafuta omwe amabwera ndi chakudya, komanso zimamupweteka bwanji pamene lipase iyi idakwezedwa m'magazi.
Kodi lipase ndi chiyani?
Chilankhulo chouma cha sayansi chimayika pancreatic lipase ngati enzyme yochokera ku subclass ya esterases (mkalasi lama hydrolases) ndikuwonetsa kufanana kwake ndi katundu ndi hepatic lipase.
Mukamvetsetsa izi pamwambapa, ziyenera kufotokozedwanso kuti ma hydrolases amaphatikiza mankhwala ophatikizira-biocatalysts (ma enzymes) omwe hydrolyze (ikuphwanya) zakudya zamafuta (triglycerides) mu glycerol yaulere ndi zinthu kuchokera pagulu lamafuta asidi.
Mwanjira ina, popanda kutenga nawo gawo kwa enzyme iyi, yomwe ndi gawo la madzi a pancreatic, sizingakhale zotheka ngakhale kunyamula mafuta ndi thupi, komanso mafuta a metabolism mmenemo, zomwe zikutanthauza moyo motere. Kwa mafuta, mafoni komanso mawonekedwe a malo osungirako, thupi liyenera kukwaniritsa zolinga zambiri - kuchokera pakupanga mawonekedwe olimba, osasunthika, osasinthika a cell kuteteza thupi kuti lisasokonekere ndikuvulala mukagwa kumbuyo (nkhope yanu - kumbuyo kwanu ndi kuwononga).
Ntchito za zinthu za m'thupi
Mu makanda onse, okhala ndi milomo yonse m'thupi, lipase yoyamba imalowa mu masewerawa - enzyme yomwe imathandizira (kusunthira ku mawonekedwe oyenera) mayamwidwe amkaka wamkaka (triacylglycerols) mwachindunji mkamwa, chifukwa chinthuchi chimapangidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timagwira pakamwa.
Thupi la ana lili ndi mawonekedwe ake:
- Kukula mwachangu ndi chitukuko cha thupi ndi ziwalo sizitanthauza kupangidwa kwa masitolo ofunika a glycogen;
- njira yampweya ya glucose sichinapangidwebe.
Poona izi, ma triacylglycerols (nawonso ndi a triglycerides, ma triglycerols, mafuta osalowerera, mafuta owala), omwe amasiyana muzochitika zazikulu za mafuta achilengedwe, ndizomwe zimangopatsa mphamvu zokha, komanso kutentha kwa thupi la mwana.
Popeza malovu achikulire alibe michere yomwe imalepheretsa kusungika kwa lipid mkamwa, ndipo mlingo wa triacylglycerols woikidwa m'mimba ndi lipase ya msuzi wake ndi wocheperako, chinsinsi chachikulu chotsitsimutsa kwamuyaya cha moyo chimasamutsidwa ku lumen ya gawo lamatumbo lomwe limatchedwa yaying'ono matumbo - makamaka, matumbo a matumbo , yotchedwa duodenum (lomwe ndi dipatimenti yawo yoyamba).
Ngati ntchito ya encyme ya lingual ikuphatikizidwa ndi mafuta a mkaka wa m'mawere, ndipo lipase ya m'mimba ndiye kuphwanya kwa mafuta amisala yambiri, ndiye (mosiyana ndi hepatic lipase, yomwe ikuchitika pakuphwanya kwa VLDLPs yotsika kwambiri ndi ma chylomicrons), ma pancreatic gland lipase amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira hydrolyse zonse. - mafuta omwe adalandiridwa ndi chakudya ndipo adapangidwapo kale ndi michere ya m'mimba.
Koma mphero zazikuluzikulu za chimbudzi sizigwiranso ntchito zokha - chifukwa chogwira bwino ntchito zake, zina zingapo ndizofunikira:
- calcium ions (chifukwa pancreatic lipase ndi enzyme yodalira calcium);
- choyambirira emulsization wa edible mafuta ndi bile umatulutsidwa mu matumbo lumen ndi chiwindi.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuti "akhazikitse" proenzyme (choyambirira sichigwira ntchito) cha prolipase kupita ku enzyme yodzaza ndi pancreatic, ndikofunikira kuyiyambitsa mu duodenum mothandizidwa ndi bile acid, komanso colipase, imodzi mwazinthu za enzymes zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi madzi a pancreatic.
Kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake "kuyesa kwazinthu zambiri" kumapangidwa, zimathandiza kuzindikira kuti lipase ndiyofunikira pa:
- kusungunuka, kukonza ndi kugawa mafuta kukhala magawo osiyana;
- kukondweretsedwa kwamagulu osungunuka a mavitamini (A, K, E, D), komanso mafuta acids a mawonekedwe a polyunsaturated;
- kukhalabe okwanira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yosinthana ndi plasma lipids.
Mkhalidwe wamasisitimu ambiri amthupi umatengera mulingo wa pancreatic lipase.
Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, kupezeka kwa:
- dyslipoproteinemia (makamaka, lembani IA hyperlipoproteinemia);
- owonjezera triglycerides mu serum lipoproteins;
- chipatala cha ischemic matenda a mtima (matenda a mtima);
- xanthomas (yofalikira);
- chodabwitsa cha malabsorption (chimbudzi chamadimbidwe) cha mafuta amafuta ambiri.
Ikuwonjezeranso kuti ntchito yayikulu ya pancreatic gland enzyme imapezeka pa pk ya alkal ya 8-9 (pomwe chisonyezo cha 4-5 chimachepetsa mphamvu ya kutsekeka kwa glycerols ya emulsified.
Chifukwa chakuti ndi matenda angapo, ntchito ya enzyme imeneyi imachulukirachulukira (ndikulowa kwake m'magazi), zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi am'magaziwo zimatilola kuweruza kukhalapo kwa matenda amthupi ndi zikhalidwe za pancreatic gland. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zili mu enzyme m'magazi (onse kumtunda ndi pansi) zimagwira ntchito ngati njira yodziwira mitundu yamavuto ena.
Makanema ophunzitsa pa ma enzymes:
Zifukwa Zokulitsa Mphamvu
Popeza kuchuluka kwa lipase m'magazi (malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi njira ya turbidimetric) ndi pafupifupi zigawo 190 / ml kwa amuna ndi akazi achikulire, kwa ana ochepera zaka 18 - mkati mwa mayunitsi 130 / ml (ziwalo za enzymatic mu 1 ml ya magazi), kuwonjezeraku Ikhoza kuwonetsa zovuta zonse za kugaya chakudya komanso dongosolo la matenda.
Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwambiri m'magazi (ndi kuperewera kofanana mumimba) kumadziwika ndi:
- kapamba
- zotupa za pancreatic gland;
- matenda a gallbladder;
- zovuta pachimake (magawo a biliary colic, infarction ya myocardial).
Chithunzi chomwechi chikuchokera:
- matumbo kutsekeka;
- peritonitis;
- mafupa owonongeka
Zomwezo zimawonedwa ndi zochitika zadongosolo:
- kunenepa;
- gout
- matenda a shuga;
- kulephera kwaimpso;
- khansa ya m'mawere.
Zifukwa Zotsika
Zomwe zimachepetsa magazi a seramu lipase zingakhale:
- mafuta ochulukirapo a triglyceride muzakudya zomwe amadya (zopanda chakudya, zopanda chakudya);
- systemic (oncological) matenda (kupatula, khansa ya kapamba palokha);
- zina, zomwe sizimachitika kawirikawiri (kapena sizipezeka kawirikawiri).
Magazi otsika a lipase amathanso kukhala ndi:
- cholowa cholowa;
- ndi kusintha kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha pancreatitis chovuta.
Pomaliza, izi zitha kukhala zotsatirazi:
- cystic fibrosis;
- cystic fibrosis;
- kusowa kwa kapamba (chifukwa chakuchotsa kwake kwa ntchito).
