Matenda a kapamba

Zinthu zoyipa za chilengedwe, zizolowezi zoyipa, kuperewera kwa zakudya, mankhwala osagwiritsika ntchito posakhalitsa zimawononga thupi. Ziwalo zambiri zamkati zimavutika, kuphatikizapo kapamba (kapamba). Koma kusintha koyipa mwa izo sikuwoneka pomwepo, koma ndikupanga kwa maziko azomwe zafotokozedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano, matenda aliwonse a pancreatic ndi owopsa kwambiri, chifukwa amatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, minofu ya chiwalo ilibe mphamvu zokwanira kuti ikonzenso, ndipo nthawi zambiri itatha kulipira mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, kubwezeretsedwa kwathunthu kwa magwiridwe a pancreatic sikuchitika.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe angayang'anire kapamba osati ndi chitukuko cha matenda omwe amapangitsa kuti azikayikira matenda aliwonse a chiwalo kapena gawo lonse logaya chakudya. Kuwona kapamba sikumupweteka pamilanduyo pakadalibe zizindikiro, koma pali zovuta pamunthu pazinthu zingapo zoyipa. Zikatero, thanzi ndi thanzi labwino zimatha kukhala zabodza komanso zakanthawi.

Mfundo ndi magawo a chitsimikiziro

Kasitomalayu amakhala ndi vuto la m'mimba, kapena minyewa yake, yomwe maselo ake amatulutsa michere yofunika kwambiri ya m'mimba. Kudzera m'miyala ing'onoing'ono, yomwe ili ndi kapangidwe kapadera komanso kamvekedwe, chinsinsi chake chimasonkhanitsidwa mumkamwa waukulu, womwe umatseguka mkati mwa duodenum. Ma Hormones (insulin, gastrin) amalowa mwachindunji m'magazi, chifukwa cha intaneti yotulutsa ziphuphu. Kunja, chiwalocho chimakutidwa ndi chifanizo cha minofu yolumikizana chomwe chimagwira ntchito yoteteza ndi kukhazikika.

Pa kuyesedwa, kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake kapamba kamaphunziridwa

Dongosolo lililonse la kapamba limatha kukhala kutanthauzira kwa matenda kapena "kuvutika" chifukwa cha kupangika kwa matenda mu dipatimenti ina ya chiwalo. Chifukwa chake, ndi pancreatitis (kutupa kwa parenchyma), osati maselo obisika omwe amawonongeka, komanso mkhalidwe wa ma ducts ndi mitsempha yamagazi imasintha. Ngati neoplasm ikapangidwa, makamaka yoyipa, pafupifupi zida zonse za kapamba, kenako ziwalo zina zamkati, zimagwira nawo ntchito yokhudzana ndi matenda.

Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wa kapamba ayenera kuganizira:

1. mbali zonse za thupi za ziwalo, komanso kapangidwe kamene kali pafupi ndi England (m'mimba, chiwindi, chikhodzodzo ndi ndulu zake, matumbo ang'ono);
2. kuchuluka kwake komwe ntchito yake imagwira.

Njira zotere zakutsimikizirani ziyenera kuchitika mofananirana kuti "chithunzi" chotsiriza cha chiphunzitsochi ndichowona. Izi ndichifukwa choti m'magawo oyamba, mwachitsanzo, kutupa, magawo athanzi a parenchyma amagwira ntchito m'malo mwa zotupa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matendawa. Kutha kuzizindikira kumapezeka pokhapokha ndi njira zodziwira matenda zomwe zimayang'ana kapangidwe ka chiwalo. Momwemonso, zochitika sizachilendo pamene, motsutsana ndi maziko a kapangidwe kake kapamba, kachitidwe ka ntchito ka chiwalo kitha kusokonekera kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, muzochitika zamankhwala, njira yofufuzira yayikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imalola kupeza chidziwitso chokwanira chokwanira chokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka kapamba ndi ziwalo zoyandikana. Momwe angayang'anire kapamba mwa wodwala winawake komanso njira zozunzira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse zimasankhidwa ndi adokotala, munthu akapempha thandizo.

Kuyesedwa ndi kufunsidwa kwa wodwala kumapereka chidziwitso choyambirira chokhudza matendawa.

Kuzindikira kovuta kumachitika m'magawo angapo, omwe ndi ophatikiza njira zachikhalidwe komanso zamakono:

• kutolera madandaulo ndi mbiri yakale yazachipatala;
• kuwunika kwa wodwalayo (kochitidwa mogwirizana ndi gawo 1);
• njira zasayansi;
• njira zothandiza.

Njira Zotsimikizira Poyamba

Kupweteka kwam'mimba ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri chomwe anthu amatembenukira kwa akatswiri. Ndi ma pancreatic pathologies, amakula makamaka ndi kapamba, panthawi yowonetsera kutupa kapena kufalikira kwa mawonekedwe a matenda. Kupweteka kwambiri kumadziwika ndi gawo la zotupa zoyipa za England.

Kuphatikiza pa zodandaula za kupweteka komanso kufotokozera za mawonekedwe a chizindikiro ichi (kuchuluka, kutalika, kulumikizana ndi kudya, kuchuluka kwa zotupa), adotolo amapezanso kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zina za pathological. Amatha kukhala kutentha, kusokonezeka kwa chopondapo ndi diuresis, nseru, kusanza, kusintha kwa kusowa kwa chakudya. Wodwalayo amatha kudandaula pakamwa pouma, ludzu losalekeza, kusinthasintha khungu, lilime, kapena sclera.

Chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri cha matenda a zam'mimba ndi chidziwitso cha momwe matendawa adayambira, zomwe zimapangitsa, kaya munthu ali ndi zizolowezi zoyenera ndi momwe angadye, kaya pali zoopsa kuntchito komanso matenda ena. Dokotala adzafotokozeratu momwe matendawa amakulira komanso momwe chithunzi chachipatala chimakulira, ngakhale wodwalayo ali ndi abale ake omwe ali ndi zomwezi.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumapereka lingaliro la magwiridwe antchito a chiwalo

Gawo lotsatira pakuphunzira kapamba ndikuwunika kwa wodwalayo. Dotolo amayang'ana kupezeka kwa kupweteka pamimba ndi kutulutsa kwawoko (mawonekedwe opweteka) pogwiritsa ntchito palpation (palpation), amawunika mtundu wa khungu ndi mucous membrane, munthawi yomweyo amawonetsa ziwalo zina zam'mimba komanso malo opatsirana, kumamveranso mtima ndi mapapu. Zambiri zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa dokotala kuti anene za matenda a kapamba, koma kuti apange kudziwikiratu ndikuwapatsa chithandizo, ndikofunikira kuyeserera kwa chipangizocho.

Njira zasayansi

Gawo ili la mayeseroli likuyimira momwe kakhanu amagwirira ntchito, ndiye kuti, amawunika ntchito yake pakupanga ma enzymes ndi mahomoni. Matenda ambiri amakhudza ziwalo parenchyma, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa kapamba, komanso kuchuluka kwa kayendetsedwe kazinthu zam'mimba kudzera pa insulin. Ndikofunikira osati kungowerengera limodzi magawo awa, komanso kuwunikira mwamphamvu za mawonekedwe awo. Izi zimapereka lingaliro ngati njira yowonongeka mu minye ya pancreatic ikupitirirabe kapena kuima, kaya kuwopseza kumayamba, momwe othandizira alili.

Kuti mupeze chidziwitso chofunikira ichi, magazi, mkodzo, ndowe zimayesedwa ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito ma labotale, zomwe zimakupatsaninso kuti muwunike momwe chiwindi chilili, chikhodzodzo, m'mimba, matumbo.

Odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a pancreatic ayenera kukhala ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

Kodi chizolowezi chamagazi ndi chotani?

• Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwachipatala (mulingo wa ESR, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin, kapangidwe kake ka cell ndi leukocyte formula), kamene kamatsimikizira kukhalapo, mwachitsanzo, zochitika zopweteka mthupi.
• Kuyesa kwa magazi a biochemical ndi mtima wa bilirubin, transaminases, ma globulins.
• Magazi a shuga (nthawi zina amawonjezeka ndikuwonongeka kwa maselo a endocrine a kapamba).
• Magazi okhutira ndi michere yam'mimba (trypsin, lipase, alpha-amylase).
• Mitsempha ya amylase (diastase), yokhala ndi kapamba, chizindikirocho chimadzuka.
• Tinthu tating'onoting'ono pamakompyuta, pomwe timazindikira kuti chakudya chathunthu.
• Feces pa elastase, chidziwitso chopindulitsa kwambiri pakadali pano; kukulira zowonongeka kwa kapamba, zotsika kwambiri za enzyme iyi.

Monga lamulo, kufufuza kwa labotale, makamaka magazi, kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi zina, pofufuza mwatsatanetsatane za kugwira ntchito kwa gland, kuyesedwa kwapadera kumakhala kofunikira. Chifukwa chake, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• kuyesa kwa proserin;
• glycoamylasemic;
• iodolipol;
• kulolerana kwa shuga;
• mayeso a secinpancreosimine.

Deta ya urinary diastasis ndiyofunika kwambiri pakuwazindikira

Kuphatikiza pa kuzindikira ntchito ya pancreatic enzyme, kuyezetsa magazi m'magazi kungachitike ngati khansa ya chiwalo ikukayikiridwa. Zomwe zimatchedwa tumor markers, kapena mapuloteni apadera omwe amapangidwa ndi chotupa choyipa, amathandiza kuzindikira matenda oyipa kwambiri m'magawo oyamba a chitukuko. Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa magazi kwa chotupa chizindikiritso kumatithandizanso kusiyanitsa khansa kuchokera ku ma neoplasms ena (cysts, pseudocysts, benign tumors) ndi njira zotupa.

Njira zopangira zida

Mosiyana ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito ma labotale, njira zothandizira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti muphunzire mwatsatanetsatane kamangidwe ka kapamba ndi mbiri yakale ya kapamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuzindikira matenda ambiri a ziwalo ndi kudalirika kwakukulu. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito:

• njira yama microscopic;
• radiology;
• kusanthula kwa ultrasound (ultrasound);
• compress tomography;
• magonero amatsenga a michere (MRI).

Microscopy imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika kuunika pansi pa microscope minofu ya kapamba yomwe imatengedwa ngati chinyama. Nthawi zambiri, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa yomwe ikukayikira. Kuzindikira kwa ma cell "apypical" apadera samangoletsa kutsimikiza, komanso kudziwa mtundu wa chotupa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma radiology kumakhala kokha chifukwa chakuti kapamba kamakhala ndi minofu yofewa yomwe imakhala yovomerezeka kwathunthu kwa ma x-ray, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza chidziwitso (kupatula pazochitika za calcation ya chiwalo). Koma, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanitsa, ndikotheka kudziwa molondola kwambiri momwe gululi limayendera. Mwa izi, njira za x-ray monga chithunzi cha kafukufuku, angiography, cholangiopancreatography zimachitika.

Ndi compact tomography, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi radiology, pali chowunikira cha radiation kwa wodwalayo. Komabe, njira yamakonoyi ndiyothandiza kwambiri ndipo imakuthandizani kuti mufufuze mapangidwe onse a kapamba ndi ziwalo zoyandikana, komanso kusiyanitsa zotupa, zotupa zoyipa ndi njira zoyambira.

MRI imawerengedwa kuti ndiyo njira yophunzitsira kwambiri pancreatic pathologies

Ndi njira ya ultrasound, kupeza chidziwitso ndikotheka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe ka minofu. Lingaliro la dziko la limba limapangidwa ndikupanga malire pazithunzi pakati pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo momwe zinachokera. Njira iyi nthawi zambiri imasonyezedwa pakuyambitsa matenda a kapamba; imapereka chidziwitso cha cysts, ma abscesses, kutupa, zotupa, maziko amchere wamchere, patency ya ma excucion ducts. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ultrasound, dopplerografia, imathandizira kuyang'ana momwe magazi akuyendera.

MRI ikhozanso kuchitika mosiyanitsa ndikuwunika maukonde ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Zomwe zimapezeka ndizofunikira kufotokozera za kupezeka kwa kapamba, khansa, zotupa, ma cystic formations, ma abscesses, foci of sclerosis.

Njira zonsezi pofufuza momwe matendawa amagwiritsidwira ntchito pafupipafupi ngati pali chisonyezo kapena kukayikira kwa matenda amuyo. Ndi bwinonso kuyang'ana mozungulira ngati pali zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhumudwitsa, ngati pali chosokoneza pamimba kapena chilichonse chazovuta.