Kodi insulin ndi chiyani?

Mu thupi la munthu, mulibe chiwalo china monga kapamba. Kuphwanya ntchito zake kungayambitse matenda a shuga. Monga gawo la endocrine system, chitsulo chimatha kuchita zinthu zina mwapadera. Amatha kukopa machitidwe ambiri amoyo. Amayendetsedwa ndi mahomoni a insulin. Chofunika ndi chiyani ndikuwonetsa chiyani? Kodi gawo la insulin mthupi la munthu ndiliti? Momwe mungayang'anire ndi zoyenera kuchita ngati mahomoni anu omwe sanakukwanire?

Enzyme ndi mahomoni opanga chiwalo

Anatomically, kapamba amakhala kuseri kwa khoma lakunja kwa m'mimba. Chifukwa chake dzina lake. Ntchito yofunikira kwambiri ya gulu la endocrine ndikupanga insulin. Ichi ndi chinthu chapadera chachinsinsi chomwe chimatenga gawo lalikulu machitidwe osiyanasiyana.

Hyperfunction ya gland ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Mwa wodwala, chilimbikitso chimachuluka, shuga wamagazi amachepa. Hypofunction ya chiwalo limayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zosiyana, kukodza pafupipafupi, ludzu lokwanira.

Chiwalo chimayesedwa ngati chida chosakanikirana. Ilinso ndi kutulutsa timadzi ta pancreatic kapena pancreatic. Ma enzymes ake amachita nawo chimbudzi. Mapeto ake, thupi limalandira mphamvu yofunikira kuti ikhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino.

Madzi a pancreatic mawonekedwe ake ndi amadzimadzi osayera. Kuchuluka kwake mwa munthu wamkulu wathanzi ndi 600-700 ml. Zomwe zimasungidwa mwachinsinsi zimapanga ma enzyme (amylase, lipase). Zinthu za Enzymatic zimathandizira kusankha kugawidwa kwa chakudya kukhala zigawo zina, mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni amino acid.

Lipase ndi bile zimayang'ana ku mafuta, ma carbohydrate ali pakulinga kwa amylase. Zophatikizira zovuta (wowuma, glycogen) pamapeto pake zimasandulika kukhala saccharides wosavuta. Pambuyo pake, amathandizidwa ndi michere yamatumbo, pomwe zinthu zamagulu osiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwa m'magazi.

Zojambula zowonekera

Kodi insulin kwenikweni ndi iti? Hormone ndi yofunika kwa khungu lililonse m'thupi. Malo akuluakulu a chochita chake ndi chiwindi, minofu, minofu ya adipose. M'magazi a munthu wamkulu wathanzi, kusala kudya kumayenera kukhala insulini m'malo osiyanasiyana a 10-20 μU / ml (0.4-0.8 ng / ml).

Kupangidwa ndi kapamba kapena kuyambitsa kuchokera kunja, mahomoni amalowa m'mitsempha yamagazi. Kodi insulin imatani? Kuposa theka la kuchuluka kwake kumasungidwa kwakanthawi m'chiwindi. Ndipo pomwepo amalowa m'magulu a kayendetsedwe ka kagayidwe ka metabolic.

Chifukwa cha insulin, zimachitika:

• kuchepetsa kuphwanya glycogen ndi mapangidwe ake mu chiwindi;
• cholepheretsa kutembenuka kwa shuga kuchokera ku mankhwala ena;
• kuponderezana kwa kaphatikizidwe ka matupi a ketone ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni m'matumbo amisempha;
• kapangidwe ka glycerol kuchokera pama mamolekyulu.

Ndi mahomoni, chiwindi ndi minofu yake zimatenga kwambiri glucose kuchokera m'magazi, kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba zimakhazikika. Matupi a Ketone ndi zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwamafuta kopanda mafuta.

Mu kapamba, kutulutsira kwa mahomoni kumatheka osati ndi shuga, komanso ndi ma protein (amino acid) omwe amalowa m'matumbo am'mimba. Ndizowopsa kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga kudzimana chakudya chama protein nthawi yayitali. Amupatsirana masiku ambiri azakudya.

Chifukwa cha matekinoloje obadwa nawo, insulin yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za thupi imapezekanso

Ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka molekyulu yovuta ya mapuloteni

Hormayo ili ndi ntchito zambiri. Imapulumutsa ndi kusunga mphamvu. Maselo amisempha ndi minyewa ya adipose pansi pa patronage yotenga timadzi tambiri pafupifupi 15%. Oposa theka la mafuta onse omwe amapezeka mu chiwindi amapuma mwa munthu wathanzi.

Chiwalo chokhudza mtima chimayankha nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka kwa magazi a glycemic. Kuperewera kwa insulin kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa njira zopangira shuga. Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zofunika kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo zikugwa.

Pancreatic hormone insulin

Ndi kupanga kwachilengedwe kwa mahomoni ndi kagayidwe kakang'ono ka minofu mu minofu, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amthupi ndi maselo kumakhala kochepa. Mwathunthu, minofu yogwira imapeza. Ntchito ya insulin ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zamapuloteni mthupi. Kuwonongeka kwa mahomoni a pancreatic amapezeka makamaka m'chiwindi. Chifukwa cha izo, maselo am'mimba amatenga potaziyamu, ndipo kumasulidwa kwa sodium ndi impso kumachedwetsedwa.

Molekyulu yeniyeniyo imakhala ndi zovuta kupanga. Amakhala ndi amino acid 16 (okwana 20). Mu 1921, asayansi azachipatala aku Canada adasiyanitsa insulin kuchokera ku zikondamoyo za nyama zanyama. Patatha chaka chimodzi ku Russia, maphunziro omwe adaphunzira adayesedwa bwino.

Amadziwika kuti zochulukirapo za zikondamoyo zimayenera kupeza mankhwalawo. Chifukwa chake, kupatsa mahomoni a wodwala m'modzi wodwala matenda ashuga chaka chonse, ziwalo 40 za nkhumba zidakhudzidwa. Tsopano pali mitundu yopitilira 50 ya mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Wogwiritsa ntchito glycemic wopanga wadutsa magawo atatu a kuyeretsedwa ndipo amawerengedwa ngati abwino kwambiri pakadali pano.

Mwa odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pali cholepheretsa china chokhudzana ndimaganizo posintha ku insulin. Amakhala pachiwopsezo kukana jakisoni wa mahomoni osalipidwa bwino chifukwa cha matendawa. Ndikosatheka kulowa mkamwa (pakamwa) kukhala puloteni. Insulin yomwe ili m'thupi la munthu idzawonongeka m'mimba, osalowetsanso magazi.

Kuwunikira kuti muzindikire kulolera kwa glucose

Kuyesedwa kwa matenda omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kumachitika ndikuwopseza ndi shuga m'magalamu 75. Njira yotsekemera imamwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, koma osapitirira maola 10. Zakudya zomanga thupi kuchokera kuzakudya zimapangitsa kuti mahomoni azitsekera. Maola awiri otsatira, wodwalayo amapereka magazi kangapo. Zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi athunthu, kuphatikizapo venous, capillary ndi plasma, zimasiyanasiyana.

Gwiritsani ntchito insulin kokha ngati jakisoni

Amakhulupirira kuti matenda a shuga amapezeka ndimikhalidwe ya glycemic:

• pamimba yopanda kanthu - zoposa 6.11 mmol / l;
• pambuyo pa ola limodzi - oposa 9,99 mmol / l;
• pambuyo 2 maola - 7.22 mmol / l.

Kusintha kotheka kumatheka pokhapokha ngati udzu kapena mfundo ziwiri zomwe ndizapamwamba kuposa zabwinobwino. Izi zimapangitsa kale kukayikira thanzi lathunthu la munthu pankhani ya matenda a endocrine. Poterepa, pitilizani mayeso. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupange mawonedwe a glycated hemoglobin (abwinobwino mpaka 7.0 mml / l). Zikuwonetsa mulingo wapakati wa glycemia wam'mbuyomu, miyezi 3-4 yapitayo.

Mitundu ya insulin mankhwala ndi kutsimikiza kwa mlingo

Kodi insulin ya wodwala matenda ashuga ndi chiyani? Ma protein a protein amaphatikizidwa m'malo oyenera m'thupi (m'mimba, mwendo, mkono) kulipirira kulumpha kwa glucose wamagazi.

• Ndi chiwonetsero chofatsa cha matendawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, kuchuluka kwa glycemia sikupita 8.0 mmol / L. Masana palibe kusinthasintha kwakuthwa. Zotsatira za shuga mu mkodzo (glycosuria) zitha kupezeka. Mtundu wocheperako wa glycemia ukhoza kukhala harbinger wa matendawa. Amamuthandizira pakadali pano zakudya zapadera ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Ndi mawonekedwe apakati, zizindikiro za glycemia zimakhala 14 mmol / l, glucosuria imawonekera, ndipo nthawi zina matupi a ketone (ketoacidosis). Pankhaniyi, shuga imaperekedwanso chakudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito othandizira a hypoglycemic, kuphatikizapo insulin. Kusokonezeka kwa matenda ashuga m'deralo mu kayendedwe ka magazi ndi kayendedwe ka manjenje (angioneuropathy) kukukulira.
• Fomu yolimba imafunikira mankhwala a insulin mosalekeza ndipo imadziwika ndi glycemia ndi glycosuria, pamimba yopanda 14 mmol / l ndi 50 g / l, motsatana.

Magawo azilipira:

• zabwinobwino
• kulipira
• kubwezera.

Cholinga cha insulin mankhwala zimatengera mtundu wa matendawo, mlingo - pamlingo wobwezeredwa kwa chakudya

Ndi zochitika zomaliza, chikomokere (hyperglycemic) ndizotheka. Kuti muchiritse bwino mankhwala, chofunika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa magazi. Zoyenera, komanso musanadye chilichonse. Mlingo wokwanira wa insulin umathandizira kukhazikika kwa glycemia. Ndi chifukwa chake insulin ndiyofunikira kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Mtundu wa mahomoni okumbukira amatengera kutalika kwa zochita. Imagawidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso yayitali. Yoyamba imachitika bwino m'mimba, yachiwiri m'chafu. Gawo la kuchuluka kwathunthu tsiku lililonse limasiyanasiyana - 50:50, 60:40 kapena 40:60. Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi magawo a 0,5-1.0 pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa odwala. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kutayika kwa kapamba ka ntchito zake.

Mlingo uliwonse umasankhidwa payekha ndipo umakhazikitsidwa poyeserera kuchipatala. Pambuyo pa odwala matenda ashuga amatha kusintha njira ya insulin. Ngati ndi kotheka, amapanga zosintha zazing'ono, motsogozedwa ndi njira zothandizira muyezo (glucometer, mizere yoyesera kuti mupeze shuga ndi matupi a ketone mu mkodzo).