Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin: malongosoledwe a matenda ndi mfundo za mankhwala

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga a mellitus ndi matenda oopsa a endocrine. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa mu kapangidwe ka mahomoni a pancreatic.

Zotsatira zake, kupezeka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonjezeka. Pakati pa zovuta zonse zomwe zafunsidwa, mtundu uwu siwofala kwambiri.

Monga lamulo, imapezeka mwa anthu aang'ono ndi achinyamata. Pakadali pano, chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa sichikudziwika. Koma, nthawi imodzimodzi, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kukulitsa kwake.

Izi zimaphatikizira chibadwa chamtundu wamatenda, matenda opatsirana mwa ma virus, kudziwitsidwa kwa poizoni ndi autoimmune reaction yama cell immune. Kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa pathogenetic yamatenda owopsa komanso oyamba a mtundu woyambawo ndi imfa ya pafupifupi 91% ya ma pancreatic β-cell.

Pambuyo pake, matenda amakula omwe amadziwika ndi insulin yokwanira. Ndiye kodi shuga wodalira insulin ndi chiyani, ndipo nchiyani chimatsogolera pakuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mu seramu yamagazi?

Insulin-wodwala matenda a shuga: chiyani?

Mtundu wa matendawa ndi pafupifupi 9% ya zomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi.

Komabe, chiwerengero cha odwala matenda ashuga chikuwonjezeka pachaka. Ndiwo mitundu iyi yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yovuta kwambiri kutulutsa ndipo imapezeka kawirikawiri kwa anthu adakali aang'ono.

Ndiye kodi aliyense ayenera kudziwa chiyani za matenda ashuga omwe amadalira insulin pofuna kupewa chitukuko? Choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa mawu ake. Matenda a shuga - matenda ochokera ku autoimmune, omwe amadziwika kuti atayika pancreatic timadzi timene timatchedwa insulin.

Njira yowopsa komanso yakuphayo pambuyo pake imadzetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amatchedwa "zopangira mphamvu", yofunikira pakuyenda bwino kwa ma cell ndi minofu yambiri. Nawonso, sangalandire mphamvu zofunika ndikuyamba kuwononga zosungidwa zomanga thupi ndi mafuta chifukwa cha izi.

Kupanga kwa insulin

Ndi insulin yomwe imawonedwa ngati imodzi ya mahomoni amtundu m'thupi la munthu, omwe amatha kuyang'anira shuga m'magazi. Amapangidwa ndi maselo ena omwe amapezeka kuzilumba za Langerhans za kapamba.

Koma, mwatsoka, mthupi la munthu aliyense pamakhala kuchuluka kwama mahomoni ena omwe ali ndi kuthekera kochulukitsa shuga. Mwachitsanzo, adrenaline ndi norepinephrine amapatsidwa kwa iwo.

Kuwoneka pambuyo pake kwa matenda amtunduwu wa endocrine kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zambiri, zomwe zimatha kupezeka pambuyo pake m'nkhaniyo. Amakhulupirira kuti kukhala ndi moyo weniweniwo kumathandizira kuti adwale matendawa. Izi ndichifukwa choti anthu am'badwo wamakono akuvutika kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mapaundi owonjezera ndipo safuna kutsata moyo wokangalika.

Mitundu yotchuka yamatenda imawerengedwa motere:

• mtundu I matenda ashuga mellitus;
• mtundu wachiwiri wosafuna insulin;
• machitidwe.

Mtundu woyamba wa nthendayi umawonedwa kuti ndiwowopsa, pomwe kupangika kwa insulin kumatsala pang'ono kutha. Ambiri a asayansi amakono amakhulupirira kuti chinthu chongobadwa nacho ndicho chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda.

Matendawa amafunikira kuwongolera mosalekeza komanso kudekha mtima, chifukwa pakadali pano palibe mankhwala omwe angachiritse wodwalayo kwathunthu.

Jakisoni wokhazikika wa mahomoni ochita kupanga pancreatic ndiye chipulumutso chokhacho, komanso gawo lofunikira la mankhwala, lomwe cholinga chake ndi kusintha mkhalidwe wamthupi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda amadziwika ndi kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa zomwe zimadziwika kuti maselo am'munsi mwa mahomoni ochepetsa shuga.

Mosiyana ndi mtundu woyamba wamatenda, kapamba amapitiliza kupanga insulini mwachangu. Komabe, maselowo amayamba kusayankha mokwanira.

Matenda amtunduwu amakhudza anthu azaka zopitilira 43. Kuzindikira kwakanthawi, kutsatira kwambiri zakudya zolimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chithandizo chamankhwala osafunikira komanso insulin.

Koma za mtundu wachitatu wa nthendayi, imakula ndendende nthawi ya mayiyo. Mthupi la mayi woyembekezera, njira zina zimayamba kuchitika, makamaka, kukonzanso kwathunthu kwamafuta, chifukwa chomwe zizindikiro za glucose zimatha kuchuluka.

Ndi mtundu wanji?

Monga taonera kale, matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amaonedwa ngati mtundu woyamba wa matenda.

Zifukwa za maonekedwe

Ngakhale pali kafukufuku wosangalatsa, madokotala ndi asayansi amakono sangayankhe funsoli kuti: chifukwa chiyani mtundu 1 wa shuga umawoneka?

Zomwe zimapangitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kugwira ntchito palokha ndizachinsinsi. Komabe, maphunziro am'mbuyomu sanali achabe.

Pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwakukulu, akatswiri adatha kudziwa kuti pali zinthu zina zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a insulin komanso osadalira insulini.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 ndi monga:

1. kulephera kwa mahomoni. Monga lamulo, sizachilendo mu achinyamata. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuphwanya kumachitika pokhudzana ndi mphamvu ya kukula kwa mahomoni;
2. jenda ya munthu. Osati kale kwambiri, zidatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti azimayi amatha kuvutika ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine;
3. kunenepa. Kulemera kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa kupezeka kwamafuta owopsa m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikuwonjezera shuga;
4. chibadwa. Ngati mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa matendawa udapezeka mwa mayi ndi bambo, ndiye kuti mwa akhanda, makamaka, iwonekanso theka la milandu yonse. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mapasa amatha nthawi imodzi kudwala matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi kuthekera kwa 50%, koma mapasa - 25%;
5. khungu. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti izi zimakhudza matendawa chifukwa zimapezeka 25% pafupipafupi mu liwiro lakuda;
6. matenda a kapamba. Matenda akulu a pathological pakuchitika kwa kapamba;
7. kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Munthu akakhala moyo wongokhala, ndiye kuti amawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga;
8. zizolowezi zoipa (kusuta, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa);
9. Zakudya zosayenera komanso zopanda thanzi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuzunzidwa kwa zakudya zopanda zakudya (zakudya zopanda zakudya, mafuta, okazinga ndi zakudya zotsekemera).
10. kubala mwana. Monga taonera kale, panthawiyi, kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika mthupi la mayi woyembekezera, makamaka, kusakwanira kwa mahomoni.
11. kumwa mankhwala ena. Chithandizo cha glucocorticoids, antipsychotic atypical, blockers, thiazides ndi mankhwala ena.

Zizindikiro

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo ya metabolism imaphwanyidwa: electrolyte, protein, enzymatic, immune, peptide ndi madzi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za kukhalapo kwa matenda amtundu wa endocrine ali motere:

• ludzu
• youma mucous nembanemba zamkamwa;
• kutopa
• mutu;
• kuwonda msanga ndi chidwi;
• kuyamwa mwachangu ndi kuphatikiza;
• kuyabwa
• nseru
• zosokoneza tulo;
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe.

Zizindikiro

Kuphatikiza pa chithunzi chomwe chatchulidwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuyenera kudziwika.

Ngati 6.4 mmol / L kapena kupitirira 10.2 mmol / L apezeka atatha maola awiri kuyesedwa kwa glucose, titha kunena kuti wodwala ali ndi matenda a shuga.

Komabe, monga lamulo, mumkodzo mumakhala kuchuluka kwa shuga. Mwa zina, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa hemoglobin wa glycosylated kumatha kuonetsa kukhalapo kwa hyperglycemia.

Chithandizo

Ponena za chithandizo chamankhwala, pali ntchito ziwiri zazikulu: kusintha kwakukulu pamachitidwe apano ndi chithandizo chamankhwala ena.

Ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kutsata zakudya zapadera, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuwerengera magawo a mkate.

Musaiwale za mokwanira masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudziletsa. Gawo lofunikira ndikusankhidwa kwa insulin.

Pali regimen yosavuta yamankhwala amtundu wa insulin, kulowetsedwa kosalekeza kwa mahomoni a pancreatic, ndi majekeseni angapo a subcutaneous.

Zotsatira zakukula kwa matenda

Njira zosasinthazi zitha kupewedwa chifukwa cha kuzindikira kwakanthawi. Ndikofunikanso kupereka chisamaliro chapadera.

Vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi kuperewera kwa matenda ashuga.

Vutoli limadziwika ndi zizindikiro monga chizungulire, kusanza ndi mseru, komanso kukomoka.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Zonse zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin omwe amawonetsedwa mu pulogalamu yapa TV "Live wathanzi!" ndi Elena Malysheva:

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 si sentensi. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa zonse za matendawa. Izi zikuthandizani kukhala ndi zida komanso munthawi yake kuti muwone kusintha kulikonse machitidwe a thupi lanu. Zizindikiro zoyipa zikaonekera, muyenera kulankhulana ndi endocrinologist woyenerera kuti mumupime, kumuyesa ndi kusankha mankhwala oyenera.