Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa a insulin. Pathology imadziwonekeranso m'njira zingapo, zomwe zimasiyana ndi makina amomwe zimapangidwira komanso zomwe zimachitika, koma zikufanana ndi chizindikiro chachikulu - hyperglycemia (mkhalidwe wodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi).
Tsiku lililonse, odwala amagwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida zingapo zomwe zimatha kutsimikizira kukhala ndi moyo wapamwamba ndikupeza chindapusa cha momwe zimakhalira. Ndi zinthu ziti za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zomwe zimayenera kugula kwa wodwala aliyense yemwe wakumana ndi "matenda okoma", komanso zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusankha zomwe zikukambidwanso mu nkhaniyi.
Pang'ono pang'ono za matendawa
Type 1 shuga mellitus imachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi chifukwa chophwanya kapangidwe kake ndi maselo a pancreatic beta. Matendawa amakhala ndi chibadwa chathu, nthawi zambiri chimachitika chifukwa cha zochita za autoimmune, ndiko kuti, chitetezo chake chomwe chimawononga maselo omwe amapanga insulin. Odwala otere amafunikira mahomoni tsiku ndi tsiku, mothandizidwa ndi momwe chipukuta mokwanira chimakwanira, mulingo wa glycemia umasungidwa nthawi zonse.
Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amatchedwa kudalira insulin. Zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kulemera kwa pathological, kupezeka kwa polycystic ovary, chibadwa chamtsogolo cha thupi, moyo wosayenera komanso kudya. Zimadziwika ndi kuti mahomoni amapangidwa mokwanira, koma maselo amthupi amasiya kuzimvera, mwakutero amasokoneza machitidwe a chinthucho.
Tsiku lililonse, odwala amagwiritsa ntchito zida zingapo kuwongolera glycemia wawo ndi mahomoni awo. Tikulankhula za zida zotsatirazi zomwe zitha kugulidwa m'sitolo yapadera, yogwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba, chipatala, kuntchito, paulendo wamabizinesi:
- glucometer;
- zingwe zoyeserera;
- malawi;
- insulini;
- syringe zolembera;
- mapampu a insulini.
Zambiri pazakuyimira aliyense wa matenda a shuga.
Magazi a shuga m'magazi
Glucometer ndi gawo limodzi lofunika kwambiri m'moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Chipangizochi chimakupatsani mwayi kuti musiyire mzera wautali wa sabata iliyonse m'makiriniki popima shuga. Ndikokwanira kuti wodwala agule chida chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pafupifupi kulikonse (kunyumba, kuntchito, paulendo).
Mtengo wapakati wa glucometer ndi ma ruble 1300-3000
Ma glucometer onse omwe amaperekedwa pamashelefu osungira amagawidwa m'magulu angapo:
- kwa odwala okalamba;
- kwa odwala matenda ashuga a zaka zapakati komanso zapakati;
- glucometer kwa anthu omwe akukayikira shuga, koma kuwunika sikumakhazikitsidwa;
- glucometer nyama.
Zipangizo zothandizira okalamba
Amadziwika kuti ndiodziwika kwambiri pakati pa makasitomala chifukwa ndi osavuta komanso odalirika. Zipangizo zotere zimakhala ndi skrini yayikulu, njira zingapo, ndipo palibe kulemba. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mtengo wokwanira osati chida chokhacho, komanso zowonjezera (gawo loyesa)
Oimira gulu ali:
Ma insulin ma insulin- Zoyendera magalimoto;
- Van Touch Sankhani Zosavuta;
- One Touch verio IQ;
- Kukhudza Kumodzi.
Kwa munthu wachikulire, ndikofunikira kusankha glucometer yomwe imakhala ndi mizere yayikulu pakuyesa, chifukwa sizingakhale zovuta kugwira ntchito ndi zina. Nthawi yoyezera zida zamtunduwu ndi pafupifupi masekondi 10, kuyambira 250 mpaka 750 zotsatira zake zimasungidwa kukumbukira, kuwunika kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito madzi a m'magazi.
Zipangizo zothandizira achinyamata
Zodziwika kwambiri ndi Van Tach Ultra Easy, One Touch verio IQ, Accu-cheki Mobile ndi Accu-cheke Chitani. Mamita oterowo ali ndi chingwe cha usb, kuthekera kosungira kuchuluka kwakadinidwe, kukhala ndi batri lopangidwa, zamakono. Monga lamulo, nthumwi za gulu la zida zimasungira kuchokera 500 mpaka 2000 zimapangitsa kukumbukira; kuwunika kumachitika m'madzi a m'magazi.
Mafuta ena ammagazi okhala ndi code, mwa ena, palibe kulemba. Kukhala kosavuta kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kupeza mizere yoyesera ya zida, popeza amagulitsidwa pafupifupi m'mafakitala onse.
Glucometer kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe akuwakayikira
Anthu otere ayenera kuyeza glycemia, koma osati pafupipafupi monga momwe amatsimikizira kuti ali ndi matenda. Zokonda ndizomwe mungagwiritse ntchito:
- glucose mita Van Touch Select Easy;
- Zoyendera magalimoto.
Malangizo
Kuphatikiza pakugwirizana ndi zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa, glucometer iyenera kuyesedwa kuchokera kumbali ya kasinthidwe. Zida zambiri zimagulitsidwa ndimtengo wazochepa mumtengo. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ma lance 10 komanso nambala yofananira yamizere yoyesera. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi lokha kamodzi, ndiye kuti, chigawo chake chizidyedwa pazotsatira khumi za shuga.
Ndikwabwino kusankha chotsalira chomwe chingafanane ndi glucometer inayake, ngakhale kuti pali mitundu ya chilengedwe
Muyeneranso kugula magawo 50-100 a zinthu. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisankhe mitundu ingapo ya ziphuphu ndi mizere, popeza tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeza glycemia kangapo patsiku. Mtundu 2 wa momwe matenda a pathological amaphatikizira kutenga miyezo kangapo pa sabata, kotero mutha kusankha zida zazing'ono.
Zingwe zoyeserera
Mzere woyezera ndi chipangizo chomwe chimayikidwa mu mita kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga. Mzere uliwonse uli ndi malo ocheperako okhala ndi mayankho amthupi omwe amapezeka ndi mamolekyu a glucose mu dontho la magazi a nkhani. Kuti muyambe kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyeserera, ziyenera kuyikidwa mu mita.
Pazida zoyeserera pali malo m'dera lomwe dontho la magazi liyenera kuyikidwa. Pambuyo masekondi 10-30, zotsatira za phunzirolo zikuwonetsedwa pazenera la chipangizocho. Mukamasankha mizera yoyesera, muyenera kufotokoza kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amafunikira kuti muphunzire glycemia. Ndikwabwino kusankha zomwe zimangofunika 0,3-0,5 μl zokha. Opanga amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mzere womwewo ngati glucometer. Kugulitsidwa m'matumba a 5-100 zidutswa. Kuchuluka kwa mailo mumtundu, kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri kugula.
Zida zoyesera zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale:
- Accu-cheki Rocher;
- Scan ya Van Touch Life;
- Satellite Elta;
- Clover Check Tai Doc;
- Deacon OK Biotech;
- Ay Chek Zotengera.
Zachikazi
Ma lance amatchedwa masingano apadera omwe ali gawo la glucometer. Amapangidwa kuti azilowetsa chala kapena malo ena kuti atenge magazi. Lancet ndi gawo lowonongeka la mita, muyenera kugula ndi ndalama zofanana ndi zingwe zoyeserera.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya lancets. Universal - zomwe ndizoyenera chipangizo chilichonse chonyamula chomwe chimayeza mulingo wa glycemia. Alibe zolemba zofunikira, ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Chida chokha chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe apadziko lonse lapansi ndi Softix Roche
Makina odzipangira okha ndi ma lancets omwe safuna zowonjezera kuchokera kwa munthu. Phukusili limaphatikizapo singano yopyapyala, yomweboboboyo singasiyike pakhungu. Makina odzipangira okha ndi abwino kwa anthu okalamba, popeza chinthu chokha chomwe chikufunika kuchita ndikuika lancet ku chala ndikusindikiza mutu wake.
Akatswiri akuti lancet iyenera kusinthidwa mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito, ndiye kuti imatha kupezeka, ngakhale odwala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito masingano, makamaka ena, mpaka atakhala onenepa.
Zofunikira za glucometer
Chimodzi mwazosankha za chalk ndi zofunda. Nthawi zambiri, mita yama glucose amagulitsidwa kale ndi thumba lomwe mutha kuyikamo lancets, strips test, ndi chipangacho chokha. Koma opanga zida zamankhwala amapereka mosiyana kuti agule milandu yopanda madzi, chifukwa nyengo yovuta imatha kuvulaza chitetezo cha mita ndi zigawo zake.
Kuphatikiza apo, zokutira zotere zimakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yotentha, yomwe imateteza chipangizocho ku kutentha kwambiri ndi ma radiation a ultraviolet. Kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi mankhwala, kulowetsedwa ndi ma bacteria a bacteria kumachepetsedwa. Chalk chotere chimakhala chaka ndi theka, ndipo ngati chikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, chizindikirocho chimatha kuwirikiza kawiri.
Ma insulin ma insulin
Pakadali pano, palibe wodwala matenda ashuga omwe sakudziwa syringe ya insulin. Chipangizochi chinachotsa pafupifupi ma syringe wamba m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa odwala omwe ali ndi "matenda okoma", omwe adagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa m'mbuyomu.
Ma syringe a insulini ali ndi singano yaying'ono, yomwe imathandiza kuchepetsa ululu komanso kusasangalatsa panthawi yolumikizira khungu. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala amatha kudziphatika. Musanagwiritse ntchito chipangizochi, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kusankha syringe yomwe ingakhale ndi mulingo woyenera komanso kutalika kwa singano. Ndikwabwino kuti munthu wamkulu atole singano 1.2 cm, kwa mwana chiwerengerochi chimatsika mpaka 0,4-0,5 cm.
Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi kulemera kwamatenda, muyenera kusankha masingano ataliitali, chifukwa makulidwe a mafuta ake opanikizika amakhala ochulukirapo. Pakuyambitsa mahomoni, ndikofunikira kusankha gawo la khoma lamkati lakumbuyo, matako, mapewa, ndi ntchafu. Mwachilengedwe, zida zimatha kutayidwa.
Ma insulin ma insulin amatha kukhala ndi singano zochotsa kapena zogulitsa
Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito insulin:
- Ndikofunikira kufotokozera mtundu wa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe wodwala amayenera kupereka.
- Sisitimu ya pisitoni imakokedwa ndikubwezeretsedwa ndi chiwerengero chofunikira chogawa kuti tipeze mpweya.
- Kupitilira apo, mpweya uwu umalowetsedwa mu botolo ndi timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi tomwe timatulutsa timadzi timene timayamwa.
- Konzani khungu kuti jakisoni. Ndikofunika kuti muzisamba ndi sopo ndikuwuma bwino. Ngati mowa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kudikirira kufikira udzauma, chifukwa ngati ungalowe pakhungu, umachepetsa mphamvu ya insulin.
- Kwa jakisoni, khola limapangidwa ndi dzanja lamanzere, ndikutenga mafuta a subcutaneous. Singano imayikidwa pakona pa 45-70 °. Wodwala atadzaza, amatha kubayirira singano ya insulini kudzanja lamanja. Kudzinyenga kotereku sikuloledwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lofooka komanso ana odwala.
- Pambuyo kuti yankho lonse liwoneke pansi pa khungu, muyenera kudikirira masekondi 20 osachotsa singano kuti chinthucho chisatuluke nacho.
Zilembera
Syringes ya jekeseni imatchedwa majakisoni opangira jakisoni mankhwala pakhungu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito jekeseni wa insulin. Cholembera chimakhala ndi zida zotsatirazi:
- chisa cha botolo ndi mankhwala;
- dosing chakudya limagwirira;
- singano yomwe imatha kuchotsedwa ndikuikanso;
- limagwirira ntchito mankhwala.
Amachita motere. Wodwalayo akhazikitse njira yoberekera, yosonyeza mtundu wake. Kenako, kapu imachotsedwa ndi singano, yomwe imabowola khungu pamalo a jakisoni a mankhwalawo. Gawo lotsatira ndikuwomba batani jakisoni wa mahomoni.
Kugwiritsa ntchito phula la syringe ndi njira yabwino yosavuta, yomwe imadziwika ndi ululu wochepa komanso kusagwirizana, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta poyerekeza ndi ma insulin a insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zida zomwe zimatha kutumiza mankhwala kwa minofu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala chodzidzimutsa.
Novo Pen 3 Demi
Yopangidwa ku Denmark, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga insulin Protofan, Novorapid, Actrapid 100 UNITS. Katoni ikhoza kukwana 3 ml ya mankhwalawa. Cholembera cha syringe chimakhala ndi dispenser yopanga, pa nthawi imatha kulowa magawo 35 a mankhwalawa.
Huma Pen Ergo
Amapangidwa ku United States of America. Fananizani ndi Humulin R, Humulin N, Humulin M3, Humalog. Kuyambitsidwa mayunitsi opitilira 60, okhala ndi makina ogwiritsa ntchito makina.
Opti Pen Pro 1
Woyimira kupanga French, yemwe ali woyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwa Lantus, Insuman, Apidra. Ili ndi pepala lapulasitiki, lokhala ndi chowonetsera pakompyuta ndi makina ochotsera makina.
Novo Pen 4
Chipangizocho chimapangidwa Danish. Kugwirizana ndi Actrapid, Protofan, Novomikst 3, Novorapid. Mlingo woyenera kwambiri pakayendetsedwe kamodzi ndi magawo 60 a yankho la mahomoni.
Mafuta a insulin
Pampu ya insulin ndi chida chodula, koma chimakupatsani mwayi wina wogwiritsa ntchito ma insulin syringes ndi cholembera. Ubwino wa chipangizocho ndikuti umatha kuperekera mankhwala a mahomoni mthupi la wodwala mosalekeza.
Mtengo wa mapampu a insulin umachokera ku ma ruble 90 mpaka 200, zomwe zimatengera zinthu zingapo
Chipangizocho chili ndi zida zotsatirazi:
- pampu yomwe imatulutsa zinthu zamafuta, palinso dongosolo loyendetsa pampu;
- bokosi lomwe lili mkati mwa pampu ya insulini, ndiye chida cha yankho (kuti lisinthidwe);
- kulowetsedwa kwa - kusinthika, kumakhala ndi cannula yoyikapo pansi pa khungu ndi machubu omwe amalumikiza posungira ndi cannula;
- mabatire.
Zipangizo zamakono ndizochepa, zosawoneka pansi pa zovala, zimakhala ndi kukula kwa pager. Njira ya kulowetsedwa imasintha masiku atatu aliwonse. Chipangizocho chimafunikanso kukonzedwanso nthawi ina kupita kwina la thupi pofuna kupewa lipodystrophy.
Pampu nthawi zambiri imadzazidwa ndi insulin yochepa kwambiri. Itha kukhala Apidra, Humalog ndi Novorapid, osagwiritsa ntchito ma insulin afupiafupi. Ubwino wa chipangizocho ndikuti timadzi tating'onoting'ono tothandizidwa ndi pampu timalowa m'magazi a wodwalayo mu Mlingo wocheperako, koma nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti azitha kuyamwa nthawi yomweyo.
Ubwino wina wa chipangizocho:
- ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira pakugawa;
- sizitanthauza kuti pakhale ma khungu pafupipafupi;
- amatha kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin;
- kuyang'anira pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi;
- deta yonse yomwe imadutsa pa chipangizocho imatha kusungidwa, kusinthidwa ku kompyuta, kusanthula, kukonzedwa (kukumbukira kumatha kusunga zidziwitso m'miyezi ingapo yapitayo).
Zingwe zowonetsera kuti mudziwe shuga ndi matupi a ketone
Mizere yoyesa chizindikiro, yomwe imatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndi ma labour ya reagent yomwe imayikidwa gawo lapansi. Zotsatira za phunziroli zimapezeka mu enzymatic reaction momwe ma mamolekyu a glucose amaphatikizidwa ndi magawo angapo. Zotsatira zake, mawonekedwe a chisonyezo amasintha mtundu wake kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Mzere wowonekera ukhoza kuwona kuchuluka kwa shuga kuyambira 1 mpaka 55 mmol / L. Zotsatira zake zoyenda, kutsika msanga, mtunduwo umakhala wolakwika kwambiri. Pofuna kudziwa zomwe mwapeza pakufufuza, sikofunikira konse kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso chamankhwala ndi luso.
Buku la malangizo a mizere ili ndi mtundu wapadera, pomwe utoto uliwonse umakhala wofanana ndi mtundu wa glycemia. Kuti mumvetse bwino zotsatira zake, ndikokwanira kufanizira mthunzi womwe umapezeka pazovala zowoneka bwino ndi mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu wa utoto.
Diagluk - nthumwi ya nthumwi za mtima wotsimikiza za glycemia msanga
Mzere umodzi uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi. Mizere yoyesera yotsimikiza kuti matupi a ketone ali ndi ntchito yofanana ndi algorithm, koma zomwe zimapezeka pofufuza si magazi, monga momwe mungayezere kuchuluka kwa shuga, koma mkodzo wa anthu.
Kuphatikiza pazida zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi zida zomwe zingagulidwe m'masitolo apadera a zida zamankhwala kapena pamasamba azinthu zapaintaneti, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti odwala matenda ashuga azigula mabuku.
Pali mabuku ambiri, magazini omwe amafotokoza za moyo wokhala ndi "matenda okoma", mfundo zofunika kukwaniritsa chipukuta misozi. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha glycemic ndi insulin indices zamafuta azakudya. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupenthe moyenera menyu omwe akudwala.
