Anthu opitilira 400 miliyoni padziko lapansi pano amapezeka ndi matenda amtundu 1, ndipo kuchuluka kwawoko kumawonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Zosachita bwino (mpaka pano!) Kuyesa kwa asayansi ndi madokotala kuti amuchiritse kotheratu, kumapangitsa ambiri kuchitira matenda operewera ngati chiganizo. Komabe, njira zowongolera matendawa, njira zamankhwala ake zimapangidwira mosalekeza, ndipo tsopano mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi la mtundu woyamba mpaka ukalamba. Kuti mudziwe momwe mungapewere matendawa, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda a shuga, momwe mungazizindikirire, komanso momwe mungalandire chithandizo ndi zakudya.
Kodi matenda ashuga ndi osiyana bwanji?
Matenda a shuga ndimatenda angapo a endocrine omwe amayamba chifukwa cholakwika cha shuga komanso kusowa kwenikweni kwa insulin, mahomoni omwe kapamba amatulutsa. Ndikusowa kwa insulin, shuga yamagazi imakwera kwambiri. Matendawa amadziwika ndi zovuta za metabolic: mafuta, chakudya, mchere wamchere, mapuloteni komanso mchere wambiri.
Pali mitundu iwiri yamatendawa: mtundu wa 1 wodwala insulin komanso mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, omwe safuna jakisoni wa tsiku lililonse wa mahomoni.
Matenda a 2 a mtunduwu amakhudza anthu pambuyo pa zaka 40, nthawi zina pamakhala ana onenepa kwambiri. Ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 palibe kuchepa kwa insulin, matenda amtunduwu amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Odwala nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndikamadya kwambiri komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, matendawa amatha kuwongolera.
Type 1 shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri amakhudza ana ndi achinyamata. Palibe zodabwitsa kuti mtundu uwu umatchedwa "mwana" kapena "mwana." Komabe, posachedwa matendawa ndi "kukalamba", ndipo matendawa afala kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zapakati komanso zaka. Matenda a autoimmune, mwatsoka, sangathe kuthandizidwa. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi chiwonongeko cha ma cell a pancreatic beta ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimayambitsa kupanga insulini. Odwala ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka tsiku lililonse.
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga mu ana
Pamodzi ndi akulu, matenda ashuga amtundu 1 amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chibadwa chamunthu, komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa matendawa: kusowa tulo, kupsinjika, kusowa kwa chikhalidwe chopatsa thanzi mwa mwana. Zonsezi zimatha kuyambitsa matenda ashuga amtundu 1. Muubwana, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda nthawi zina ndimakudya owumba, madzi osagwira bwino komanso osakwanira vitamini D m'thupi la mwana.
Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, zotupa za ma diaper zimatha kupezeka mwa makanda, candidiasis imayamba mwa atsikana. Kuchepa kwa matenda ashuga kukuwonjezereka. Ngati mumanunkhiza acetone kuchokera kwa mwana wanu ndipo kupuma kwake kumakhala kwakanthawi, kupuma, funsani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa
Kuti mumvetsetse matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga, muyenera kudziwa zizindikilo ndi omwe amachititsa matendawa. Tsoka ilo, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 sichidziwika kwenikweni, koma chitetezo chofooka chimadziwika kuti ndicho chachikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingathandizire kukulitsa matendawa:
- Matenda obadwa nawo - ngati 1 mwa makolo ali ndi matenda amtunduwu, matendawa amatengedwa, koma chiopsezo chodwala mwa mwana sichidutsa 10%;
- Kuphwanya zakudya - kunenepa kwambiri ndi moyo wongokhala kumathandizira kuti pakhale shuga yemwe amadalira insulin;
- Matenda opatsirana ndi kachilombo komanso matenda opatsirana - matenda monga chikuku, rubella, retrovirus zimasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba;
- Kuphwanya kwamanjenje - mantha, kupsinjika, kusokonezeka kwamanjenje ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda;
- Zachilengedwe - asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nyengo ndi chilengedwe zimakhudza chitukuko cha matenda ashuga. Mwachitsanzo, anthu okhala m'maiko a Scandinavia ali pachiwopsezo chakulembapo 1 matenda ndi ziwerengero.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za matenda ambiri, ndipo munthu aliyense amatha kuwonetsa mosiyanasiyana. Zimatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana: zaka, momwe amakhalira, kuchuluka kwa thupi, chilengedwe chamunthu.
Zizindikiro zodziwika za matenda amtundu woyamba wa 1 zimaphatikizira ludzu lalikulu, kuchepa thupi mwadzidzidzi, kukoka pafupipafupi, kuyabwa, kuchepa mphamvu, kununkhira kwa acetone mkamwa, nseru ndi kusanza.
Poyambirira kwa matenda a shuga 1, chizindikiro cha matendawa chimatha kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kumva ludzu nthawi zonse. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa impso. Mlingo wa glucose m'magazi umakwera, ndipo kuti umveke bwino, impso zimatenga madzi kuchokera m'maselo. Kugona kowonjezereka kumawonekera motsutsana ndi maziko a ntchito yaubongo.
Ngati mukupeza chilichonse mwa izi mwa inu kapena mwana wanu, pitani kuchipatala msanga. Kukomoka, chisokonezo - zonsezi ndi zida za matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, pomwe wodwalayo amafunikira kuchipatala mwachangu.
Zizindikiro
Kuti muzindikire matenda a shuga, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha shuga. Phunziroli limachitika m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Chizindikiro ndichizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa glucose osaposa 5.8 mmol / L. Mtengo womwe uli pamtunda wa 7.0 mmol / L umawonetsa kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu 1 mwa munthu. Kuti mupeze matenda olondola, kuyezetsa kuyenera kuchitidwa kangapo motsatizana nthawi zosiyanasiyana masana.
Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumachitidwanso. Wodwalayo amamwa madzi otsekemera, ndipo atatha maola awiri amapereka magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha kuti awunikenso. Zizindikiro zopitilira 11 mmol / l zimawonetsa kuti munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga 1.
Kumbukirani kuti kudziwitsa amene sanakuzindikireni nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha thupi. Kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matenda si ntchito yovuta, koma nthawi zambiri matenda amapezeka mwa odwala omwe akutsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa chitukuko cha matenda osachiritsika.
General chithandizo ndi chithandizo
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba chimaphatikizapo chithandizo chovuta, chomwe chimaphatikizapo: jakisoni wa insulin, mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga ya magazi, kudya ndi kupewa matenda.
Mukangopezeka ndi matendawa, ndikofunikira kuyamwa. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuti muyambe kusunga diary momwe muyenera kujambula shuga tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuphunzira momwe mungawerengere insulin. Popita nthawi, izi zimakhala chizolowezi mwa odwala.
Pakadali pano ma glucometer osunthasunthira pakudziyesa okha magazi kunyumba ndi otchuka kwambiri. Izi ndi zida zing'onozing'ono zomwe mzere woyesera umayikiramo ndipo dontho la magazi limayikidwa pamenepo. Mothandizidwa ndi glucose oxidase biosensor, patapita masekondi angapo muwona zizindikiro za shuga pazenera la chida. Pamodzi ndi chipangizochi, zida zake zimaphatikizanso zowonjezera: zingwe zoyesera, cholembera chokhala ndi lancet ya magazi, masanjidwe angapo. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, kit imakhala ndi cholembera chida chothandizira kuperekera insulin.
Yang'anani mwapadera chifukwa makampani a glucose mita amapanga mizere yoyesera yoyambirira ndi zoperewera zomwe zimangogwirizana ndi mtundu winawake wa wopanga uyu. Mankhwala ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya ma glucometer kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana komanso otchipa. Zipangizo zosagwiritsa ntchito zachuma zikupezekanso kutchuka, popanda kupangira chala cham'mapazi magazi, zimazindikira kuchuluka kwa glucose wogwiritsa ntchito sensorer zamagetsi. Mitsempha yamagazi onse ndi yaying'ono, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo nthawi zonse mumatha kuwasunga.
Jekeseni wa insulin uyenera kuchitidwa 1 kapena 2 (pamavuto) patsiku. Jekeseni nthawi zambiri amachitidwa m'mawa komanso usiku asanagone. Izi zitha kuwoneka zovuta. Komabe, pano pali ma jakisoni osapweteka a insulin. Pambuyo pake, mukazolowera, mutha kudzipatsanso jakisoni.
Ma jakisoni, kuwonjezera pa syringes wamba, zida monga: zolembera za syringe zilipo, kuzigwiritsa ntchito kupangira insulini ndizosavuta komanso mwachangu, komanso mapampu a insulin.
Ngakhale akhala akuyesera zaka zambiri, ndizosatheka kuchiritsa kwathunthu matenda a shuga masiku ano. Komabe, mankhwalawa samayima, ndipo lero pali malingaliro ambiri olimbikitsa pochiza matenda ashuga okhala ndi tsinde, njira yothandizira kupatsirana kwa ma cell yapangidwe, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti sizikhala zovuta kuti achire matenda amenewa kusiyana ndi kummero wapweteka.
Pakadali pano, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungakhalire ndi matendawa (kupanga jakisoni popanda kuthandizidwa ndi ogwira ntchito kuchipatala, kuyang'anira zakudya zoyenera, kuyeza shuga wamagazi). Pang'onopang'ono, mudzabwereranso m'moyo wokhala ndi zonse.
Mavuto
Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti matenda ashuga si owopsa monga zovuta zake komanso zotsatira zake.
Pambuyo pa mankhwala a insulin komanso ndi zakudya zoyenera, kuchotsedwa kwa matendawa kumatha kuchitika ngati kufunika kwa insulin kumachepa. Madokotala amati nthawi imeneyi ndi "kokasangalala kukwatirana", komwe kumatha nthawi yayitali, miyezi kapenanso zaka. Komabe, njira zowonongeka mthupi sizima ndipo pakapita nthawi, chikomokere cha matenda ashuga kapena ketoacidosis chitha kuchitika. Zikachitika kuti munthu agwe muvuto lotereli, ndikofunikira kupereka wodwala kuchipatala mwachangu. Chizindikiro cha ketoaciodosis ndi kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa kapena mkodzo.
Komanso, ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, chiwopsezo cha kulephera kwa impso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ziwalozi ndi chambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mtima wamthupi, womwe ungayambitse khungu, sitiroko, komanso ngakhale kupunduka kwa mtima. Ngati mukukana kugonekedwa, zotsatira zakupha zimatha kuchitika munthawi yochepa.
Zofunika! Mukamamwa mankhwala ena, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala. Mankhwala okwanira okwanira amatha kuyambitsa mavuto omwe ali ndi odwala matenda a shuga.
Zakudya: Malamulo a zakudya
Kugwirizana ndi zakudya zoyenera ndiye maziko ochiritsira wodwala mwachangu. Mu shuga 1, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musamadye zakudya zotsatirazi:
- zinthu zophika mkate, kuphika, zopangidwa ndi ufa wa 1 gawo;
- mbatata
- sauerkraut;
- chokoleti, maswiti, shuga;
- zakudya zamafuta ndi zonunkhira;
- kusuta nyama;
- chakudya chokazinga;
- mphesa, zoumba.
Pazakudya zanu zatsiku ndi tsiku muyenera kuphatikiza zakudya zingapo zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa shuga wamagazi: masamba abwino, mkate wa chinangwa pang'ono, nyama yophika ndi mafuta ochepa, mazira, tchizi chochepa kwambiri, zipatso zouma ndi zipatso zatsopano zomwe sizochepa shuga. m'madzi kapena mkaka wa skim.
Pali zakudya zapadera zomwe zimafotokoza zakudya zamasiku onse za anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Mukamakonza menyu, werengani molondola kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, mafuta ndi mapuloteni. Kumbukirani kuti, chakudya chimayenera kukhala chamtundu, 5-6 patsiku. Kusiyidwa kwathunthu kwa chakudya chamagulu patsiku sikuvomerezeka.
Malo ogulitsira amakono ali ndi madipatimenti apadera a anthu odwala matenda ashuga, komwe mungagule zinthu zovomerezeka kuti musinthe menyu kapena mwana wanu. Ndikofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe a mankhwala azikhalidwe, kusankha zoyenera komanso tepi ya matenda ashuga omwe amachepetsa shuga m'magazi.
Pamodzi ndi zakudya, wodwalayo ayenera kumwa ma multivitamini a mtundu wa 1 odwala matenda ashuga. Panganoli limaphatikizapo:
- Vitamini E (tocopherol) - antioxidant amene amathandiza kubwezeretsa ntchito kwa impso;
- Vitamini C (ascorbic acid) - imalimbitsa mitsempha, imalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi;
- Vitamini H (Biotin) - amachepetsa shuga m'magazi, amalimbikitsa njira zamagetsi mthupi;
- Vitamini A (retinol) - antioxidant yomwe imalimbikitsa kukula kwa maselo, imathandizira kupenya kwamaso;
- Mavitamini a B - kulimbitsa dongosolo lamanjenje lamthupi;
- lipoic acid - amakhala ndi kagayidwe.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mbewu zina zimatha kutsitsa shuga wamagazi ndikulimbikitsa kapamba. Ma teti azitsamba osiyanasiyana ndi ma phyto amalipiritsa omwe amagulitsidwa ku pharmacy adzakuthandizani polimbana ndi matenda a shuga. Komabe, musanagwiritse ntchito, onetsetsani kuti mukuonana ndi dokotala.
Kupewa
Popeza matenda amtundu wa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba ndi matenda a autoimmune, ndizosatheka kuwaletsa, makamaka kwa ana. Komabe, pofuna kupewa matenda m'mwana, choyamba, ngati nkotheka, adyetseni mkaka wa m'mawere, chifukwa ndi "opanga" omwe ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba.
Popewa matenda ashuga, pewani matenda opatsirana mwa mwana wanu. Limbitsani chitetezo cha mwana. Kupewa ndikofunika kwambiri makamaka ngati kholo limodzi lili ndi matenda ashuga.
Yang'anirani zakudya zamagulu onse ndi kulemera kwake. Khalani ndi chikondi cha maphunziro akuthupi ndi masewera.
Ngati mwana akadwala, lowetsani zoyesayesa zonse kuti amuchiritse, muphunzitseni kukhala moyenera ndi matenda ashuga, momwe angakhalire, zomwe mungadye komanso zosaloledwa. Pewani zovuta za shuga za ana. Sinthani kwambiri matendawa.
Wachikulire amafunikanso kutsatira njira zopewera matenda ashuga, popeza kupewa matendawa ndikosavuta kuposa kuchiritsa. Osadalira zodabwitsa zamankhwala ndikusasamala thanzi lanu. Idyani kumanja, kusuntha, kusiya mowa ndi kusuta, kugona maola 8 tsiku lililonse ndikupewera kupsinjika kwa mitsempha. Ndipo pomwepo muzisunga shuga, osati inu.
