Shuga wamagazi (shuga)

Lingaliro la "kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi" silolondola konse, chifukwa m'magazi mawonekedwe a shuga onse (amaphatikiza mitundu ingapo ya zinthu) amatsimikizidwa, koma glucose yekha. Mawu owona akhoza kukhala "glucose". Komabe, njira yoyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale mwa anthu wamba kotero idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakulankhula, komanso m'mabuku azachipatala.

Glucose m'magazi - kwachilengedwa, komwe kumatsimikizira njira zoyenera zonse zofunika kwa munthu. Izi pafupipafupi ndizowonetsa kagayidwe kazakudya. Kusintha mulingo wake m'mwamba kapena pansi kumawerengedwa kuti ndi mwayi woganiza za momwe timayambira. Otsatirawa ndikukambirana zomwe ziwerengero zamatenda a glycemic zimayambitsa, zomwe zingayambitse ndi zofooka, komanso mfundo zothandizira achikulire ndi ana.

Zambiri pa shuga

Kuwala kumalowa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera kunja, komanso kumapangidwanso ndi mkati. Zakudya zamafuta ochulukitsa m'matumbo am'mimba zimagawika m'magawo ang'onoang'ono (monosaccharides), kuphatikizapo glucose. Thupi limalowetsedwa kudzera khoma lamatumbo kulowa m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe ake azigwira bwino (zokhudza thupi).

Thupi laumunthu limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kotero kuti ziwalo zina zimapereka chidziwitso kwa ena za kufunika "kolowera" munjira inayake. Ndi hyperglycemia, kapamba amalandiranso chizindikiro chofananira. Imaponyera gawo limodzi la insulini ya m'magazi, magazi, omwe ntchito yake ndi kuyendetsa mamolekyulu a shuga kuchokera m'magazi kupita ku maselo ofunikira ndi minyewa.

Maselo a Beta - gawo la zachinsinsi la insulin

Zofunika! Chifukwa cha njirayi, kuchuluka kwa glycemia kumachepetsedwa, ndipo minofu imapatsidwa mphamvu yofunikira.

Pambuyo pakugawa shuga, ziwerengero zake m'magazi zimachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyamba kwa gluconeogeneis - kupanga kwa monosaccharide ndi chiwindi kuchokera pazinthu zopanda carbohydrate mwanjira yosungirako. Chifukwa chake, thupi lokha "limatsika" mulingo wa glycemia, kuisunga mkati moyenera.

Kodi mahomoni amawongolera motani kuchuluka kwa shuga?

Chofunikira chachikulu chamafuta pamagazi glucose ndi insulin. Amapangidwa ndi ma cell a islets a Langerhans-Sobolev a kapamba. Mahomoni akuluakulu omwe ali ndi vuto lina ndi glucagon. Amapangidwanso ndi gland, koma ma cell ena.

Cholinga cha glucagon chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti glycogen iwonongeke m'chiwindi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale "monosaccharide" wokoma. Thupi lokhazikika kwa mahomoni lopangidwa ndi ma adrenal gland limakhalanso ndi zotsutsana. Ndi za adrenaline. Amanena za mahomoni olimbana ndi mahomoni limodzi ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• norepinephrine;
• glucocorticosteroids;
• kukula kwamafuta;
• thyroxine.

Ndi malingaliro ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa magwiridwe antchito?

Shuga wamagazi amayendera m'moyo wonse. Izi ndizofunikira kuti cholinga chotsimikizira matenda, komanso ngati njira yothandizira. Mankhwala, njira zingapo zoyambirira zasayansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• kusala kudya kwa capillary magazi;
• venous cell biochemistry;
• kuyesedwa kwa shuga (GTT).

Magazi a capillary ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti azindikire momwe thupi liliri.

Njira yoyamba yodziwira matenda imawerengedwa kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira pazofufuza zilizonse. Biomaterial imatengedwa m'mawa chakudya chisanalowe m'thupi. Ndikofunika kukana osati chakudya, komanso zakumwa zilizonse, kupatula madzi.

Ngati munthu wamwa mankhwala, malinga ndi chilolezo cha adokotala, ayenera kusiyidwa patsiku. Ngati ndizosatheka, muyenera kuwauza antchito a labotale mankhwala omwe amamwa.

Kusanthula kwamayendedwe amoyo si njira yochepetsetsa yodziwira kuchuluka kwa glycemia. Mwazi wamagazi umatha kupezeka nthawi imodzi ndi milingo yama transaminases, cholesterol, bilirubin, elekitirogirisi. Zotsatira zakuzindikira zimalola adokotala kuti awunikire chithunzi chonse cha thupi la nkhaniyo. Kukonzekera njirayi ndikofanana. Madzulo, chakudya chophweka chimaloledwa, m'mawa - kukana chakudya, madzi okha ndi omwe amaloledwa.

Mayeso a kulolerana ndi glucose (okhala ndi shuga) sachitidwa kwa anthu onse.

Zowonetsa kukasankhidwa kwake ndi izi:

Mulingo wa shuga m'magazi mwa ana

• kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumalire a mzere;
• kufunika kusiyanitsa matenda a shuga ndi kusokonezeka kwa insulin;
• kulembetsa kwa hyperglycemia mu pachimake mu anamnesis (kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko, chibayo);
• nthawi yapakati (kuyambira milungu 24);
• kubadwa kwa mwana wolemera kuposa makilogalamu 4.5 pakadali ndi mimba yapitayi (mkazi amafunika kuyesedwa);
• kukhalapo kwa achibale omwe ali ndi endocrinopathy.

Contraindication for GTT ndi:

• yotupa njira limodzi ndi supplement;
• matenda am`mimba thirakiti;
• m'mimba ululu syndrome motsutsana maziko a pachimake zinthu;
• acromegaly;
• zotupa njira;
• matenda a chithokomiro.

Wodwala amayenera kupereka magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha. Kenako amamwa yankho lokoma (madzi ndi shuga wa glucose). Nthawi zina, kuwerengetsa zinthu mobwerezabwereza kumachitika. Dokotala wopezekapo akuwonetsa kuti kuwunika kuyenera kuchitika pati. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika pakatha mphindi 60 ndi 120.

Glucose ufa ungagulidwe ku pharmacy

Kodi ndingathe kuyesa ntchito kunyumba?

Zambiri zam'magazi zomwe zimapezeka m'magazi zimawunikira osati mikhalidwe yachipatala, komanso kunyumba. Kuyeza kumachitika ndi glucometer - chipangizo chonyamulika chokhala ndi chida chopyoza chala, zingwe zoyesera ndi chosanthula chapadera chomwe chimawonetsa zotsatira za kuzindikira pazenera.

Njira yowunikira mwachangu ikuchitika motere:

1. Sambani m'manja bwinobwino, mankhwalawa limodzi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Yembekezerani yankho kuti liume.
2. Kuchepetsa tsamba la kudzudzula kwamtsogolo kuti magazi azisintha. Nthawi zambiri, pakati, chala chakumaso, chala chaching'ono chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poboola. Mwa ana, magazi amatha kutengedwa kuchokera kuzala zakumiyendo, chidendene, ndi khutu.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito lancet, yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi mita, kunyamula mawonekedwe. Dontho lomwe likutuluka limachotsedwa ndi thonje louma.
4. Dontho lachiwiri la magazi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo omwe amathandizidwa ndi ma strgents pamtunda wowonekera.
5. Pambuyo masekondi 15 mpaka 40, mawonekedwe a glucometer amawonetsa momwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kulili. Amawonetsedwa ndi magawo a muyeso mmol / l, mg / dl, mg%.

Mwazi wamagazi

Mlingo wa Glycemia mwa akulu ndi ana ndiosiyana pang'ono. Gome ili pansipa limapereka ziwerengero mwa zaka (mmol / l).

Mwa ana aang'ono, pali chizolowezi chochepetsa, chomwe chimawerengedwa kuti ndi thupi. Mwa zaka 6-7, ziwerengero za glycemic mwa ana zimafanana ndi za akulu. Mukakalamba, zosiyana ndizowona. Chizolowezi chowoneka chapamwamba kwambiri cha monosaccharide m'magazi. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kapamba, kusintha kwa zochita za mahomoni otsutsana.

Nthawi zambiri panthawi yoyembekezera

Panthawi yobala mwana, thupi la mayiyo limasintha. Ziwalo zake zonse zamkati zimagwira ntchito ziwiri. Mawonekedwe a mahomoni, omwe amakhumudwitsa kukula kwa insulin, akusintha. Vutoli limachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni am'mimba komanso cortisol yomwe imapangidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa m'mimba.

Mimba - nthawi yowunika kwambiri misempha ya magazi

Pokhapokha ngati kapamba ikhoza kukhalabe ndi gawo la glycemia m'njira yoyenera, zolengedwa za mkazi ndi mwana zimatetezedwa ku zinthu zoyipa. Malingana ndi momwe njira zowalipirirani zotopa, matenda ashuga okalamba amayamba.

Mphamvu ya matendawa imayamba theka lachiberekero (nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa milungu 22 mpaka 24). Gulu lamavuto limaphatikizapo:

• azimayi omwe ali ndi mbiri yakulemera kwakukulu;
• kukhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri;
• azimayi omwe ali ndi abale omwe ali ndi endocrine pathology;
• mbiri yolembetsa mwana (ana obadwa kale, ma polyhydramnios, zolakwika m'mbuyomu).

Mwanjira yokhala ndi pakati, ziwerengero zomwezo zimatengedwa ngati munthu wamkulu wathanzi. Kuchulukitsa kwa glycemia mpaka 6 mmol / l (magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha) kapena mpaka 7.9 mmol / l pa nthawi ya GTT kungawonetse kukula kwa matenda.

Zambiri

Hyperglycemia ikhoza kukhala yachilengedwe komanso yachilengedwe. Njira yoyamba siyofunika kulandira mankhwala kapena kulowererapo. Amayamba pambuyo kudya zakudya mthupi, kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chochuluka, motsutsana ndi maziko a kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo.

Hyperglycemia yochepa ndiyotheka ndi izi:

• ululu
• kutentha;
• kugwidwa khunyu;
• mtima minofu kulowetsedwa;
• angina.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa glycemic kwa nthawi yayitali ndi:

• matenda a shuga;
• zotupa njira;
• kutupa kwa kapamba;
• kuvulala koopsa;
• cystic fibrosis;
• matenda a chithokomiro England, gren adrenal.

Kusiyanitsa mosiyanasiyana mitundu ya matenda ashuga, omwe ali chifukwa chachikulu cha hyperglycemia

Pali mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kukhudzika kwa maselo ndi minyewa mpaka insulin. Izi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala a mahomoni, thiazides, mankhwala ena a antihypertensive, COC, catecholamines.

Zizindikiro

Hyperglycemia yachilengedwe ilibe mawonetsedwe, siwoneka. Njira ya pathological imadziwika ndi chithunzi chowoneka bwino zamankhwala, komabe, osati koyambirira, koma kale mu nthawi ya kupititsa patsogolo kwa matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, ndi mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga a m'mellitus (wodalira insulin), zizindikiro zimawoneka pamene maselo opitilira 85% omwe amapanga insulini atengedwa.

Thupi la wodwalayo likuyesera kuchotsa glucose ndi mkodzo. Izi zikufotokozera maonekedwe a mkodzo owonjezera, komwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zodandaula za wodwalayo. Popeza munthu amakodza kwambiri, amafunika kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi. Pali kufunikira kwakumwa kwa kumwa. Wodwalayo amatha kumwa mpaka malita 5-7 amadzi tsiku lonse (ngakhale nyengo yozizira).

Ma monosaccharide onse amakhalanso m'magazi, ndipo maselo amakumana ndi mphamvu pakutha mphamvu. Izi zikufotokozera kuti munthu akufuna kudya kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, kulemera kwa thupi sikupezeka. Mofananamo, kufooka, kusokonezeka kwa dera lachiberekero, njira zopewera pafupipafupi zimachitika. Khungu ndi mucous nembanemba zimakhala ndi maume owuma kwambiri, chotupa cham'mimba chikuwonekera, chomwe sichichiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mavuto

Zovuta za hyperglycemia zimagawika m'magulu awiri akulu:

• lakuthwa
• aakulu.

Mavuto owopsa amakhala owala chifukwa cha kukomoka, nthawi zina ngakhale kufa. Mkulu shuga angayambitse kuwoneka kwa ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, chikhalidwe cha hyperosmolar. Nthawi zambiri, mavuto oterewa amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a shuga. Zopereka zimatha kukhala ma matenda a matenda opatsirana, kuwotcha, kuwonongeka kwa makina, chithandizo ndi magulu ena a mankhwala.

Mikhalidwe yonse ya hyperglycemic imasiyana wina ndi mnzake ndi makina otukuka. Ndi ketoacidosis m'magazi ndi mkodzo, matupi a ketone (acetone) amapezeka. Amawoneka ngati chifukwa chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino, kuphatikiza pa ludzu la polyuria ndi pathological, ndi fungo lotchulidwa la acetone mu mpweya wotulutsidwa.

Kupanda chikumbumtima - gawo logona la zovuta pachimake

Machitidwe a hyperosmolar ali ndi pathogenesis yosiyana. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa magazi motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa kuchuluka kwa glycemia, kuchepa kwa madzi kumachitika. Zowonetsa zazikulu ndi khungu louma komanso mucous nembanemba, palibe kuledzera.

Lactic acidosis imalumikizidwa ndi kuphwanya kwa chotsekera cha lactic acid m'thupi. Pali chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha kuchuluka kwake mthupi. Zizindikiro zake ndi kulephera kupuma komanso kugwira ntchito kwa mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

Matenda akulu ndi zotupa zam'mimba:

• retina
• impso
• miyendo yotsika;
• ubongo;
• Mitima.

Thandizo

Moyo wake wopitilira umatengera kuthamanga kwa chithandizo choyamba kwa wodwala. Ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi m'thupi, kulowa insulini yofunikira. Iyenera kuchepa magazi pH (makamaka ndi lactic acidosis), mulingo wamagetsi.

Manambala otsika

Hypoglycemia imawonedwa ndi matenda am'mimba, kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa chiwindi, motsutsana ndi maziko a endocrinopathies (hypofunction ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro), ndi chotupa cha pancreatic chomwe chimapanga insulin mosasamala.

Mitengo yochepa ya glucose imatha kuonedwa motsutsana ndi maziko a shuga. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa osankhidwa mosiyanasiyana, kuphwanya zakudya (kudumpha zakudya), makonzedwe akulu a njira yothetsera vuto la insulin. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a horoni amatha kuchitika ngati mankhwalawo akaperekedwa molakwika (mwachitsanzo, m'matumbo m'malo mwa subcutaneous).

Mawonekedwe

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zimawonekera kale kwambiri kuposa zisonyezo zapamwamba za monosaccharide. Odwala amadandaula za kunjenjemera miyendo, thukuta kwambiri, kufuna kudya kwambiri, kupuma mseru. Pambuyo pake, wodwalayo amasokonezeka, osatha kuyang'ana chidwi chake, amakhala wosazindikira.

Cephalgia imawoneka, kugwedezeka kwa milomo, chophimba pamaso pa maso. Vutoli limafunikira kulowererapo mwachangu, popeza kudutsaku kungasandukenso.

Mavuto

Anthu amakonda pafupipafupi hypoglycemic zinthu ali ndi matenda a chapakati mantha dongosolo, mtima ndi mtima matenda. Ubongo wamunthu umadya glucose, ndipo ndi kuchepa kwake m'thupi kumakhala njala. Maselo amapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono.

Kusiyana kwa chikomokere ndi kuchuluka ndi shuga komwe kumatsikira m'magazi

Thandizo

Mlingo wa glycemia umakwezedwa mothandizidwa ndi chakudya cham'thupi chofulumira:

• maswiti;
• mikate yoyera ndi kupanikizana;
• magawo oyenga;
• tiyi wokoma wotentha;
• masikono;
• ma apricots owuma.

Woopsa, momwe algorithm amathandizira ndi motere:

1. Ikani wodwala kumbali yake, onetsetsani kuti lilime lake (kupewa kuponya).
2. Pakamwa paulere kuchokera zinyalala za chakudya.
3. Ngati munthu sakudziwa, nkoletsedwa kumukakamiza kumwa tiyi wokoma.
4. Glucagon amalowetsedwa mu minofu.
5. Asanafike gulu la ambulansi, yang'anirani zizindikiro zofunika (kuthamanga kwa magazi, kukoka, kupuma).

Momwe mungasungire glucose m'magazi ovomerezeka?

Kuti zizindikiro za glycemia zikhalebe zopitilira muyeso, kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala chokha sikokwanira. Muyenera kuonanso zakudya zanu, moyo wanu, zolimbitsa thupi. Izi ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakulolani kuti muzitha kuyang'anira ziwonetsero za glycemia m'thupi la munthu wathanzi komanso wodwala.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Kudumpha chakudyacho, makamaka m'mawa, kumatha kupangitsa kuchuluka kwa saccharide kukwera kapena kutsika. Zimatengera ngati munthuyo amamwa mankhwala aliwonse. Ndikofunikira kupaka zakudya zanu kuti pakhale zakudya zisanu ndi ziwiri (6) patsiku, kugawa chakudya chamagulu angapo pazakudya zingapo, ndikumwa zakumwa zambiri.

Zofunika! Muyenera kusiya zakumwa zoledzeretsa, shuga (zokhala ndi hyperglycemia). Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku zinthu zophika, zopatsa mphamvu, ndi zotentha.

Zakudya zopanda pake sizimangoyendetsa masokosi, komanso zimachulukitsa thupi, zimapangitsa kuti mafuta m'thupi azikhala m'thupi

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Masewera azikhala m'moyo wa munthu aliyense, koma muyeso inayake. Moyo wopanda ntchito, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, zimawononga thanzi. Odwala amasankhidwa masewera apadera, omwe angaphatikizidwe ndi yoga, kusambira, kuvina, kuyendetsa njinga, kuyenda.

Mankhwala

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amawayikira insulin (mtundu 1) kapena mankhwala ochepetsa shuga (mtundu 2). Mlingo ndi njira ya chithandizo zimasankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa shuga m'magazi, jenda la wodwalayo, msinkhu wake, kulemera kwa thupi ndi malamulo.

Mlingo wa monosaccharide m'magazi uyenera kuyang'aniridwa pachaka ndi munthu wathanzi komanso kangapo pamlungu ndi wodwala. Izi ndizofunikira popewa kukula kwa zovuta komanso kupitirira kwa matenda.