Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa a endocrine system, omwe amakhala ndi shuga ambiri m'thupi la wodwalayo. Pathology ili ndi mitundu ingapo yomwe imasiyana wina ndi mzake pazomwe zimayambitsa ndi chitukuko, koma zimakhala ndi zofanana.
Matenda a shuga amatha kudwala munthu wamkulu komanso mwana. Ndizowopsa pamavuto ake owopsa komanso osachiritsika, omwe angayambitse kulemala komanso ngakhale kupha odwala. Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, komanso zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu wabwino wa matenda.
Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga
Matendawa pawokha amatengera kuperewera kwa mphamvu ya insulin ya kanyumba ndi kapamba kapena kusintha kwa machitidwe ake. Zakudya zamafuta zikafika m'thupi la munthu ndi chakudya, zimagawika m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikizapo shuga. Katunduyu amalowetsedwa m'mitsempha yamagazi, kumene magwiridwe ake, akukwera, amapitilira zomwe amapitilira.
Zikondwererozo zimalandira chisonyezo kuchokera ku dongosolo lamanjenje lapakati kuti gawo la glycemia liyenera kuchepetsedwa. Kuti izi zitheke, imapanga ndikulowetsa zinthu zomwe zimagwira m'madzi m'magazi. Timadzi timene timatulutsa glucose kupita ku maselo ndi minyewa, ndikupangitsa momwe limalowera mkati.
Mafuta ochulukirapo amatha kukhalabe m'magazi chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulini ndi gland (kuperewera kwathunthu) kapena chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo ndi minyewa kwa iyo ndi synthesis ya mahomoni osungika (wachibale). Izi ndizofunikira pakukula kwa matenda ashuga mwa akulu ndi ana.
Zomwe zimagawika zamatenda amitundu m'magulu azachipatala
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga
Dzina lake lachiwiri limadalira insulini, chifukwa ndi mawonekedwe awa omwe kuchepa kwa mahomoni amawonedwa. Zikondazo zimatulutsa insulini yaying'ono kapena sizimapangika konse. Zomwe zamtundu woyamba wa matenda:
- pafupifupi zaka zoyambira matenda atakhala zaka 20-30;
- zitha kuchitika ngakhale mwa ana;
- pamafunika kukhazikitsa jakisoni wa insulin kuti mutsimikizire kuti ali ndi moyo wabwino kwa wodwalayo;
- motsatana ndi kukula kwa zovuta pachimake ndi matenda, ambiri kutchulidwa matenda ndi hyperglycemic ketoacidosis (mkhalidwe womwe poizoni matupi acetone amadziunjikira m'magazi).
Type 2 shuga
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umayamba atakula (atatha zaka 45). Amadziwika ndi kuphatikiza kokwanira kwa mahomoni m'magawo oyamba a matendawo, koma kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa maselo a thupi kwa icho. Ndi kusinthaku, ma cell a pancreatic insulin achinsinsi amayamba kuvutikanso, omwe amadziwika ndi kusintha kwa mtundu 2 (osadalira insulini) kuti atayike matenda a 1.
Ziwerengero zimatsimikizira kufala kwa mtundu 2 "matenda okoma". Pafupifupi 85% yazovuta zonse zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga zimachitika mwanjira yamatendawa. Akatswiri ayenera kusiyanitsa matenda ndi matenda a shuga.
Fomu yamtundu
Matendawa amatenga nthawi yobala mwana. Amayamba kukhala osakhudzana ndi matenda a shuga Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga amisala ndizosiyana pang'ono, monga tafotokozeredwa pansipa.
Maonekedwe a matendawa amachoka paokha mwana akangobadwa
Chithandizo cha matenda amafunika insulin. Kukonzekera motengera nkhomaliro sikumavulaza thupi la mwana, koma amatha kuletsa kukula kwamavuto ambiri kuchokera kwa amayi ndi akhanda.
Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga
Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin komanso osakhudzana ndi insulin ali ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Mtundu 1 wa matendawa umachitika mwachangu, ndipo zizindikiro zake zimayamba kuwala. Mtundu 2 umayamba pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri odwala amaphunzira za kukhalapo kwa matenda am'mbuyomu panthawi yoyamba zovuta.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 ndi matenda obadwa mwathupi komanso njira zomwe zimachitika m'maselo a kapamba. Komabe, izi sizokwanira, kanthu koyambira ndikofunikira, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:
Zomwe Zimapangitsa Insulin Kukulira- mantha akulu, zovuta zomwe zimabweretsa nkhawa mudakali ana kapena mukamakula;
- matenda a viral chiyambi (chikuku, rubella, epiparotitis, adenovirus matenda);
- katemera ku ubwana;
- kuwonongeka kwamakina kukhoma lamkati lamkati ndi ziwalo zamkati.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 2 zimakhala m'munsi otsatirawa. Mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa insulini umadziwika kuti gland imatha kupanga mahomoni, koma maselo amayamba kutaya mtima pang'ono. Thupi limalandira chizindikiro kuti ndikofunikira kupanga zinthu zambiri (njira zolumikizira zimayambitsidwa). Chitsulo chimagwira ntchito kuvala, koma sizinathandize. Zotsatira zake ndi kufooka kwa ziwalo ndi kusintha kwa matenda amtundu wa 2 kukhala mtundu 1.
Cholinga china ndikutsata kwokhudzana ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwira mwamphamvu kwambiri m'thupi. Izi ndichifukwa cha zolakwika ma receptors. Iron amapanga mahomoni, ndipo glycemia amakhalabe pamalo okwera. Zotsatira zake, maselo alibe mphamvu zoyenera, ndipo munthu amakhala ndi vuto lanjala.
Mwamuna amadya, thupi lake limachuluka. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa maselo m'thupi kumachulukanso, komwe kumafunikiranso mphamvu. Zotsatira zake, bwalo loipa limabuka: ziphuphu zimagwira ntchito kuvala, munthu akupitilizabe kudya, maselo atsopano amawoneka omwe amafuna shuga ochulukirapo.
Zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu ya "matenda okoma" iyambe kudwala:
- kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- atherosulinotic mtima matenda;
- Matenda a mtima a Ischemic;
- kutupa kwa kapamba wa pachimake kapena matenda;
- matenda a endocrine glands;
- Mbiri ya kubereka kwambiri komanso kubereka.
Pancreatitis - chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa "matenda okoma"
Khalidweli
Kubadwa kwamtundu wa chibadwa ndi chimodzi mwazitali kwambiri mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Vuto ndiloti chizolowezi chowononga kapena kugwira ntchito molakwika kwa ma insulin achinsinsi a kapamba amatha kulandira kuchokera kwa makolo awo.
Ndi kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi, chitetezo chathupi chimayambitsa ndikutulutsa ma antibodies m'magazi, omwe akuyenera kuwononga ma pathological agents. Mu thupi lathanzi, kaphatikizidwe ka antibody kamayimitsidwa zikafika tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, koma nthawi zina izi sizichitika. Chitetezo chikupitilizabe kupanga ma antibodies omwe amawononga ma cell a kapamba anuanu. Chifukwa chake mtundu umodzi wa zamatenda umayamba.
| Khalidwe la chibadwidwe chakubadwa | Kuthekera kotenga mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1 | Mwayi wopezeka ndi matenda a shuga 2 |
| Amapasa ofanana amunthu omwe ali ndi matenda | 50 | 100 |
| Mwana wokhala ndi abambo ndi amayi ake omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga | 23 | 30 |
| Mwana wokhala ndi kholo limodzi yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso wina ndi abale ake omwe ali ndi matenda omwewo | 10 | 30 |
| Mwana wokhala ndi kholo limodzi, mchimwene wake kapena mlongo wake yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga | 10 | 20 |
| Amayi omwe abereka mwana wakufa ndi pancreatic hyperplasia | 7 | 23 |
Kunenepa kwambiri
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga mwa akazi ndi abambo zimaphatikizira kulemera kwa thupi. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti digiri yoyamba ya kunenepa kwambiri imachulukitsa mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa, kachitatu 10-12. Kupewa ndiko kuwunikira kokhazikika kwa mndandanda wamthupi.
Kunenepa kwambiri kumachepetsa chidwi cha maselo ndi minyewa ya thupi ku zochita za timadzi timadzi. Chowopsa kwambiri ndikupezeka kwa mafuta ochulukirapo.
Matenda ndi matenda
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga, kupezeka kwa njira zopatsirana kapena zotupa - chimodzi mwazo. Matenda amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo achinsinsi a insulin. Zotsatira zoyipa zotsatila za gland zimatsimikizira:
- matenda a ma virus (rubella, kachilombo ka Coxsackie, matenda a cytomegalovirus, epiparotitis);
- kutupa kwa chiwindi cha tizilombo chiyambi;
- kuperewera kwa adrenal;
- matenda a chithokomiro cha autoimmune;
- chotupa cha adrenal gland;
- acromegaly.
Mankhwala
"Matenda okoma" amathanso kukulira motsutsana ndi maziko a mankhwala omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali kapena osalamulirika. Mtundu wa matenda amatchedwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Makina amakulidwe amafanana ndi mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa insulin.
Mankhwala ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri oyenerera.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwoneka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga zimagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magulu otsatirawa a mankhwala:
- mahomoni a adrenal cortex;
- okodzetsa;
- mahomoni a chithokomiro;
- Diazoxide (mankhwala a mtima);
- zotumphukira za interferon;
- cytostatics;
- opanga beta.
Chifukwa chosiyana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazinthu zambiri kwachilengedwe, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kufufuza zinthu selenium.
Zakumwa zoledzeretsa
Mwa anthu omwe alibe chidziwitso chofunikira pankhani ya biology, anatomy, ndi physiology ya anthu, pali lingaliro kuti mowa ndi wofunika chifukwa cha matenda a shuga, motero, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikungawonedwe monga chifukwa cha chitukuko cha matenda. Malingaliro awa ndi olakwika kwambiri.
Ethanol ndi zotumphukira zake zochuluka zimawononga maselo a chapakati mantha dongosolo, chiwindi, impso, kapamba. Ngati munthu ali ndi chibadwa cha matenda ashuga, kufa kwa ma cell a insulin chifukwa cha mowa kumatha kuyambitsa matenda. Zotsatira zake ndi mtundu umodzi wa matenda ashuga.
Kukana kumwa mowa kwambiri - kupewa endocrinopathy
Mimba
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi nthawi yobala mwana, monga tafotokozera kale. Mimba ndi njira yovuta yolumikizira thupi pomwe thupi la mkazi limagwira ntchito kangapo kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse ya moyo wake. Ndipo kapamba amayamba kugwira ntchito mochulukirapo.
Magulu otsatirawa azimayi atenga matendawa mosavuta:
- iwo amene adadwala matenda ashuga pakatha pawo m'mbuyomu;
- kubadwa kwa mwana woposa 4 kg m'mbiri;
- kukhalapo kwa kubereka, padera, kutaya mimba kale;
- kubadwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto m'mbuyomu;
- omwe ali ndi abale omwe akudwala matenda amtundu uliwonse.
Moyo ndi kupsinjika
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga mwa amuna ndi akazi zimaphatikizaponso kukhalitsa, kuphwanya malamulo a zakudya zabwino, zizolowezi zoipa. Iwo omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali pakompyuta ndi pa TV ali ndi mwayi wodwala katatu kuposa omwe amachita masewera, amakonda kukwera maulendo opumula komanso kukapuma.
Pazakudya, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi glycemic indices, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, ma muffin, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo zimadzaza ziphuphu, zimawakakamiza kuti azigwira ntchito kuti azivala. Zotsatira zake ndikuchepa kwa thupi komwe kumapangitsa insulin.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopanda pake sikuti kumangowonjezera shuga wamagazi ndi cholesterol, komanso kumakwiyitsa kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri
Zomwe zimayambitsa zamaganizidwe ndi mfundo ina yofunika yokhudza matendawo. Kukhalitsa kwa kupsinjika kwanthawi yayitali kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu yoteteza, kufalikira kwa njira zopewera kutupa. Kuphatikiza apo, mothandizidwa ndi mantha komanso kupsinjika, tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi timatulutsa timitsempha yamagazi yambiri, tomwe timatsutsana ndi insulin. Mwachidule, zinthu izi zimalepheretsa zochitika za mahomoni a kapamba.
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti matenda ashuga amatha kupewedwa kapena kuwonekera koyambirira koyambitsa matenda amtundu wa magazi. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa matendawa, dokotala amasankha mtundu wina wa mankhwalawa womwe ungakwaniritse bwino chipukutiro, kupewa kupitilira ndi kukonza zomwe zimachitika mthupi.
