Glycemia ndi chisonyezo cha kuchuluka kwa shuga (glucose) m'magazi. Glucose amatchedwa carbohydrate yosavuta, yomwe imapereka maselo ndi minyewa yonse ya thupi ndi mphamvu, ndiye kuti imawerengedwa ngati mtundu wamafuta. Choyamba, chinthucho ndichofunikira pakugwirira ntchito koyenera kwamkati wamanjenje ndi minyewa yamatumbo.
Thupi laumunthu limapangidwa m'njira yoti tsiku ndi tsiku limayang'anira shuga m'magazi, chifukwa kuchuluka kwawo kochulukirapo kapena kuchepa kwake kumadzetsa thanzi. Kuchulukitsa kwa shuga wamagazi (hyperglycemia) sikungakhale njira yachilengedwe yokha yomwe imachitika mutatha kudya chakudya, komanso chizindikiro cha matenda angapo omwe amafunikira kuzindikira kwakanthawi ndi kukonza.
Kuopsa kwa shuga wambiri, zotsatirapo zake ndi momwe mungachitire ndi vuto lotere, takambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Pang'onopang'ono za udindo wa shuga
Chakudya chikalowa m'thupi, njira zake zimakonzedwa. Zakudya zomanga thupi, monga mapuloteni, lipids, zimayamba kugawika pazinthu zazing'ono, kuphatikizapo glucose monosaccharide. Kupitilira apo, shuga amayamba kudzera mu khoma lamatumbo ndikulowa m'magazi, shuga wambiri amadziwika kuti ndiwachilengedwe. Izi sizikhala nthawi yayitali, mpaka kuphatikizidwa kwa njira zowonjezera.
Zikondwererozo zimalandira chisonyezo chochokera ku dongosolo lamanjenje chapakati chofuna kubwezeretsa glycemia kunthawi zonse. Kuchuluka kwina kwa zinthu zomwe zimapanga insulin kumamasulidwa. Imafikitsa shuga m'maselo ndi minofu, "ndikutsegulira zitseko."
Poyerekeza ndi zochitika zingapo za matenda, ma insulin sangathe kutumiza shuga m'maselo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kapena panthawi yomwe minyewa yathupi yake imasokonekera. Ndiye kuti, maselo samangoona "mphamvu yogwira timadzi. Njira zonse ziwiri za kukhazikitsidwa kwa shuga m'magazi ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, koma zamitundu mitundu.
Matenda a shuga ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe pali kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi
Kuphatikiza pa "matenda okoma", palinso zinthu zina zomwe zimatha kutsagana ndi shuga wamagazi owonjezera kapena wowonjezera kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, musanatembenuke ku funso la zomwe zimayambitsa, ziyenera kumvetsedwa kuti ndi ziwerengero ziti zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizabwino, komanso zomwe sizili zofananira.
Ndi manambala ati a shuga omwe amawonedwa kuti ndi abwinobwino?
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za shuga m'magazi ndi ziwerengero zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizoyenera kugwira ntchito kwa thupi komanso kutuluka kwa njira zofunika. Pali ziwerengero zovomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo zomwe zimawoneka ngati zabwinobwino. Zizindikiro zake zimatengera mfundo izi:
- magazi a venous amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'ana kapena capillary;
- zaka;
- kukhalapo kwa njira zodziwika bwino zamagetsi.
Kuyambira nthawi yobadwa komanso masiku 28 oyambirira a moyo wa mwana, pazomwe zimaloledwa ndi 4.4 mmol / l. Ngati glucose ndi wotsika kuposa 2.8 mmol / L, mutha kuganiza za kuchepa kwake kovuta. Kuyambira mwezi umodzi wamoyo mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, zaka zovomerezeka zimakwera mpaka 5 mmol / l, ndiye - mpaka 5,5 mmol / l, zomwe zimafanana ndi ziwerengero za glycemia munthu wamkulu.
Pakati pathupi, shuga amakhalabe chimodzimodzi ndi munthu wamkulu, komabe, matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kupezeka pakadali pano. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chomwe maselo amthupi amayi amataya chidwi chake ndi insulin (monga njira yodziyimira payekha ya matenda a shuga a mellitus). Pathology imasowa mwana akabadwa.
Werengani zambiri za kuchuluka kwa shuga panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati imapezeka m'nkhaniyi.
Ndi kukula, chidwi cha minofu yokhala ndi insulin receptors chimachepetsa, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma receptors okha ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi. Chifukwa chake, ziwerengero zovomerezeka za glycemic mwa anthu okalamba zimasunthidwa pang'ono mmwamba.
Zomwe zimayambitsa shuga
Shuga wambiri amachititsa kuti azikhala ndi zinthu zosapangidwa bwino. Kudya mafuta ochulukirapo kumatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komabe, izi zimatengedwa kuti ndizachilengedwe.
Ngati kapamba akwaniritsa ntchitoyo, zizindikiro za hyperglycemia zidzangotchulidwa pang'ono komanso kwakanthawi, chifukwa insulin idzabwezeretsa zizindikiritso kukhala zabwinobwino. Tiyenera kuganiza kuti gawo la shuga limayikidwa m'mafuta amafuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kulemera kwa thupi la munthu kumachuluka.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a chakudya ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira za hyperglycemia.
Kuphatikiza apo, mavuto amatha kuwoneka:
- mbali yamtima yam'magazi - kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso chiopsezo chodwala mtima;
- mbali ya lipid kagayidwe - kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" ndi triglycerides kumawonjezeka kwambiri, komwe kumakwiyitsa kukula kwa njira ya atherosulinotic;
- mbali yokhudza chidwi cha ma cell receptor kupita ku insulin ya mahomoni - pakapita nthawi, maselo ndi minyewa "zimawona kwambiri" mahomoni.
Mankhwala
Kuchuluka kwa shuga mu magazi kumatha kuchitika ndi mankhwala ena:
- okodzetsa;
- mahomoni a adrenal cortex;
- glucagon;
- osasankha beta blockers.
Kupsinjika
Chifukwa chotsatira ndi kukhudzidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zikuvutitsa. Izi sizichita mwachindunji, koma kudzera mu kuchepa kwa mphamvu yoteteza, kutsika kwa kayendedwe ka metabolic. Kuphatikiza apo, kupsinjika kumalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka mahomoni, omwe amawonedwa ngati okonda insulini, ndiye kuti, amachepetsa mphamvu yake ndikupanga kapamba.
Matenda
Matenda a matenda opatsirana komanso otupa zimakhudzanso mfundo yoti pali magazi ochulukirapo m'magazi. Kuti thupi la munthu ligwirizane ndi ma pathological othandizira, pamafunika mphamvu zamagetsi. Chiwindi chimayamba kugwira ntchito kwa gluconeogeneis - kapangidwe kake kamene shuga amapezeka m'matumbo a zinthu zopanda mafuta. Zotsatira zake ndi hyperglycemia osakhalitsa, omwe safuna chithandizo chapadera.
Kuperewera kwa insulin
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zofunika zomwe zikupita patsogolo pakukonzanso matenda a shuga 1. Kuperewera kwa mankhwala a insulin kwadzetsa nthaka. Amakula nthawi zambiri ali aang'ono, amapezeka ngakhale mwa ana.
Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsutsidwa chifukwa chakuti timadzi tambiri sikokwanira kunyamula mamolekyu a glucose kupita ku maselo ndi zimakhala. Mphamvu ya chitetezo chathupi imawononga maselo achinsinsi a insulin yake. Gawo la shuga limapangidwa ndi chiwindi, linalo limathiridwa mkodzo. Pang'ono kusungidwa kosungidwa mu minofu ya adipose. Popita nthawi, hyperglycemia imakhala poizoni, popeza momwe amagwirira ntchito amaonedwa ngati yovuta.
Limagwirira a chitukuko cha "matenda okoma" mtundu 1
Zinthu zotsatirazi zimavutika:
- maselo aubongo;
- mitsempha yamagazi;
- zotumphukira mantha dongosolo;
- impso
- zojambula zowonera;
- miyendo yotsika.
Njira za tumor
Pali mitundu ingapo ya zotupa zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha hyperglycemia. Izi zimaphatikizapo pheochromocytoma ndi glucagon. Pheochromocytoma ndi chotupa cha adrenal cortex. Zikachitika, kupanga kwa ma contrainsular mahomoni (adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine), omwe amatsutsana ndi insulin, amawonjezeka.
Glucagonoma ndi chotupa chokhala ndi mahomoni chomwe chimapanga payokha glucagon. Hormone iyi imakhalanso ndi vuto lina, lomwe limachepetsa misempha ya insulin m'magazi.
Gulu
Pali magawo angapo amomwe amagawidwa malinga ndi zomwe zimawonetsa shuga:
- Kufatsa - glucose saposa 8.3 mmol / L. Zizindikiro zimatha kukhala zofowoka kapena pafupifupi zosawoneka.
- Yapakatikati - shuga sichidutsa mzere wa 11 mmol / L. Zizindikiro za pathology zimafotokozedwa bwino.
- Severe - pamwambapa 11.1 mmol / L. Anthu ambiri ali kale ndi zizindikiro za ketoacidosis.
Zizindikiro
Tsoka ilo, gawo loyambira la pathological silikuwoneka. Physiological hyperglycemia ilibe chiwonetsero chilichonse. Kulakalaka kumwa madzi ambiri ndi chizindikiro chokhacho, ndipo ngakhale ndiye kwakanthawi.
Zofunika! Mu shuga mellitus, pali zizindikiro zowoneka kuti kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa glucose m'magazi kumachitika ngati munthu wamwalira ndi 85% yama cell a cell pancreatic insulin. Izi zikufotokozera kusapangika kwa njira ya pathological.
Kukula kwa zizindikiro kukuwonetsa kuopsa kwa vutolo
Pambuyo pake, wodwalayo amakhala ndi izi:
- Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chidwi;
- kukodza pafupipafupi;
- ludzu la m'magazi;
- kumverera kwa kamwa yowuma;
- kuyabwa pakhungu, pafupipafupi zotupa zachilendo;
- kutopa kosalekeza;
- kugona
- mkhalidwe wopsinjika.
Glycemia wapamwamba imapezeka poyesa magazi, ndipo pambuyo pake mkodzo. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa hyperglycemia, mawonetsedwe a matenda am'mimba adayamba kutchulidwa.
Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za zofunikira za shuga m'magazi m'nkhaniyi.
Mikhalidwe yovuta
Mlingo wovuta wa shuga m'magazi ungapangitse kuti pakhale chikomokere, ndipo pakalibe thandizo, zimatha kufa. Izi zimachitika motere:
- Chifukwa chakuti glucose salowa m'maselo, omaliza amakhala ndi mphamvu yotsika.
- Chiwindi chimayankha izi, kuyamba kupanga shuga payokha, koma zochuluka zaiwo ndimagazi.
- Thupi limayesetsa kuthana ndi vutoli mosiyanasiyana ndikusintha ma cell omwe alipo amafuta kukhala mphamvu.
- Zotsatira zamachitidwe otere, matupi a acetone (ketone) amatulutsidwa m'm magazi, omwe amadyetsa maselo, koma kuphwanya kwakukulu pH ya magazi.
- Matendawa amatchedwa ketoacidosis, amatengedwa ngati vuto limodzi la matenda ashuga.
Zofunika! Ndi acidity yamagazi, anthu 7.0 amagwera mu chikomokere, ngati manambala atsika mpaka 6.87, imfa imachitika.
Potsimikizira kukula kwa zovuta, dokotalayo amadalira chizindikiro cha labotale
Ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a matupi a acetone m'magazi, thupi limayesetsa kuwachotsa, ndikupereka mkodzo (ketonuria). Momwe mzimu wakudwala umadwala, fungo la acetone limazindikiranso. Mutu wopweteka kwambiri umachitika, zizindikiro za hyperglycemia zimatchulidwa kwambiri. Matenda a ululu wam'mimba, nseru ndi kusanza zimawonekera, kupuma kumakhala kwakukulu komanso kwakuya.
Vutoli limafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala. Ngati munthu alowetsa ziwonetsero, amatha kupulumutsidwa kwa maola 4-8 okha.
Mfundo zothandizira ndi chithandizo chamankhwala
Zoyenera kuchita ndi ketoacidosis ndi momwe mungathanirane ndi vuto la hyperglycemia, endocrinologist ndikuuzeni. Pakukwera kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi, tsatirani malangizo awa:
- Muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glycemia. Kunyumba, izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, kuchipatala - mwa njira zasayansi (mu capillary kapena venous magazi seramu).
- Mupatseni madzi akumwa ambiri, koma ngati munthu sakudziwa, sayenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi.
- Ikani insulin ngati munthu wayigwiritsa ntchito.
- Ngati ndi kotheka, mankhwala a oxygen ndi kuvomerezedwa kuchipatala.
Mu chipatala, gastric lavage kapena enema amachitika ndi koloko yothira mchere kuti abwezeretse acid-base usawa.
Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za zomwe mungachite ngati pakukula kwa glycemia munkhaniyi.
Mankhwala ena ali motere. Muyenera kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, kuwonjezera zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'zakudya, muyenera kusiya mowa. Ndikofunikira kudya pafupipafupi, koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kudya calorie tsiku ndi tsiku, komwe kumawerengedwa payekhapayekha. Shuga wazakudya ayenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu; mmalo mwa shuga amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Endocrinologist - katswiri yemwe amakonza njira yochizira matenda ashuga komanso mavuto ena a endocrinological omwe amayambitsa hyperglycemia
Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga 1 mellitus, mtundu wa insulin mankhwala umakonzedwa, ndipo ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, mapiritsi ochepetsa glucose amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti abwezeretse glycemia munthawi yoyenera. Chofunikira pa chithandizo chamankhwala ndichinthu chokwanira kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwapadera kumayambitsa kukondoweza kwa kupanga insulini ndikukulitsa chidwi cha maselo ndi minyewa yamthupi ku mahomoni.
Kutsatira ndi malingaliro a akatswiri oyenerera kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi thanzi komanso kupewa kupewa zovuta zingapo.