Gestationalabetes mellitus (GDM) ndi mtundu wa matendawa omwe amayamba mwa azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera. Amayi ambiri pamavuto obala mwana posachedwa amatha, koma kuti asayambitse zovuta, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zina. Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo amaphunzira za kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi theka lachiwiri la pakati pa mayeso a kulolera shuga. Kusanthula kumeneku ndikofunika kwa azimayi onse omwe akuyembekezera mwana, makamaka iwo omwe ali ndi mbiri ya matenda ashuga. Mwazi wambiri, womwe umangotengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, sutsimikizika nthawi zonse, ndipo kuyesa kwa glucose kungathandize kuzindikira GDM.
Kodi chowopsa pa chakudya chosalamulirika ndi chiani?
Matenda a shuga okhudzana ndi mayeso amatha kusokoneza kwambiri kubereka komanso kubereka. Ngati wodwala adya popanda zoletsa zilizonse, matendawa amatha "kutuluka" ndikuyambitsa zotsatirazi:
- kukalamba msanga kwa placenta;
- kusokonezeka kwa magazi pakati pa mayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo;
- kukula kwa magazi a mayi wapakati ndi mapangidwe ake mkati mwake, omwe amatha kutuluka ndikuyambitsa thrombosis (kufinya kwamitsempha yamagazi);
- kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa thupi la fetal, lomwe limawopseza ndi zovuta pakubala;
- kuchedwa kwa mwana wosabadwa.
Mfundo zachikhalidwe
Zakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku zamatenda azisangalalo azigawika m'magawo 6. Mfundo ya zakudya zazing'ono zimapewa kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi kaimidwe kadyedwe kameneka, mayi woyembekezera samva njala yayikulu, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kupirira. Zakudya zonse zopatsa mphamvu za calorie siziyenera kupitirira 2000-2500 kcal patsiku. Sikoyenera kuti muchepetse, popeza thupi la mayiyo limagwira ntchito mowonjezereka, ndipo ayenera kulandira chakudya chokwanira champhamvu.
Ndi dokotala yekha amene amatha kuwerengera mphamvu ya kadyedwe. Kuti achite izi, amaganizira mawonekedwe a thupi, index yam'mimba ndi zina za mkazi. Zakudya ziyenera kupewa kulemera ndipo nthawi yomweyo zisawononge thupi. Seti yoposa 1 makilogalamu a kulemera kwa thupi pamwezi pa trimester yoyamba, ndipo zopitilira 2 kg pamwezi pachimake chachiwiri ndi chachitatu zimawonedwa ngati zachilendo. Kulemera kwambiri kumapangitsa kulemera thupi lonse ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha edema, kuchuluka kwa mavuto ndi zovuta kuchokera kwa mwana wosabadwayo.
Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda amiseche zimakhazikitsidwa motengera mfundo izi:
- ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosavuta komanso chakudya chofulumira;
- posankha zakudya zamafuta, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa posankha "pang'onopang'ono", zomwe zimadyedwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo sizitsogolera kusintha kosautsa kwa shuga wamagazi (amapezeka mumiyala, masamba);
- Mphindi 60 mutatha kudya chilichonse muyenera kuyeza kuwerenga kwa mita ndikujambulitsa mu diary yapadera;
- Maziko azakudya ayenera kukhala masamba komanso zipatso zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic.
M'malo mwake, zakudya za amayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndi zakudya 9. Zimathandizira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi kudzera mu chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Amayi oyembekezera sayenera kumwa mapiritsi aliwonse kuti muchepetse magazi. Kuwongolera mkhalidwewo kumatha kuchitika kokha chifukwa choletsa zakudya.
Zomveka zotsekemera pa mimba zimaphatikizidwa, chifukwa zimatha kusokoneza kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo.
Zinthu Zololedwa
Kodi chingadye chiyani mayi woyembekezera, yemwe adapezeka ndi matenda osokoneza bongo? Mndandanda wazakudya ndi mbale ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndipo pokonzekera mosamala zakudya zamasiku angapo pasadakhale, zakudya zitha kukhala zosiyanasiyana komanso ndizosangalatsa. Kuti ziwalo zogaya zizigwira ntchito bwino, zopatsa mphamvu zonse za zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zitha kugawidwa motere:
Matenda a shuga mwa amayi apakati- kadzutsa - 25%;
- chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri - 5%;
- nkhomaliro - 35%;
- tiyi wamadzulo - 10%;
- chakudya chamadzulo - 20%;
- chakudya chamadzulo - 5%.
Kuchokera nyama assortment mutha kudya kalulu, nkhuku, nkhuku ndi nyama yochepa yamafuta. Osapitirira nthawi 1 pa sabata ndi mankhwala othandizira, mumatha kudya nkhumba, koma magawo ake okha osakhazikika. Msuzi wophika bwino pa nkhuku kapena msuzi wa masamba (mukamaphika mbalame, ndikofunika kusintha madziwo kawiri). Zopatsa mkaka zopanda mafuta zimaloledwa, koma ndibwino kukana mkaka wonse. Izi zimalemera kwambiri kukumba ndipo mwa amayi apakati chifukwa cha m'mimba zovuta zimatha kuyamba.
Mutha kudya zakudya zotsatirazi:
- masamba otsika ndi a pakati pa glycemic index;
- chimanga;
- mazira
- mtedza ndi mbewu;
- nsomba ndi nsomba zam'nyanja;
- tchizi cholimba chopanda mafuta ndi 20-45%;
- bowa.
Zakudya zochizira GDM sizitanthauza kufa ndi njala. Panthawi yoyembekezera, zimakhala zowopsa kupangitsa thupi kukhala ndi nkhawa zotere, ndikwabwino kuganizira pakudya musanadye komanso kukhala ndi chakudya chokwanira ngati mukufuna. Akonzekereratu chakudyacho asanachitike tsikulo, mayi amatha kupewa kudwala kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo adziteteze ku matenda owopsa.
M'malo mwa timadziti, ndi bwino kudya zipatso zonse. Muli michere ndi michere yambiri kuposa zakumwa zachilengedwe zopanda shuga zopanda chilengedwe zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda zipatso.
Ngati mayi woyembekezera ali ndi njala yayikulu pakati pa chakudya, ndiye kuti kapu ya kefir yamafuta ochepa ikhoza kukhala chakudya chake chabwino kwambiri
Katundu Woletsedwa
Ndi matenda a shuga kwa amayi apakati, zakudya ndi mbale zotsatirazi siziyenera kulekedwera kuchokera kuzakudya:
- maswiti;
- mikate yoyera kuchokera ku ufa wa premium;
- nyama zosuta, mchere ndi zakudya zonunkhira;
- okometsetsa ndi uchi;
- masamba ndi zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi glycemic index yayikulu;
- nyemba;
- masitolo ogulitsa, ketchup ndi mayonesi.
Chifukwa choti pali zina zomwe sangathe kudya mzimayi woyembekezera, sizingakwanitse kupereka mavitamini ndi michere mokwanira m'thupi. Popewa kusowa kwa zinthu izi, muyenera kutenga mavitamini apadera a amayi omwe ali ndiudindo. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwalawa, choncho amayenera kuyikidwa kokha ndi katswiri wowonera.
Ndi GDM, simungathe kudya zakudya zamafuta ndi zowotcha, popeza chakudya chotere chimakhudza kapamba ndipo chimawonongera ntchito ya ziwalo zonse zamkati mwamimba. Kutentha kwa mtima, komwe kumachitika kawirikawiri nthawi yapakati, ngakhale mwa amayi athanzi, omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kufooka chifukwa cholakwitsa zakudya. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusadya kwambiri wowawasa, zonunkhira ndi mchere. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, amayi apakati samalimbikitsidwa kuti azichita nawo mkate wa bulauni (acidity yake ndi yokwera kwambiri).
Zakudya zamafuta ochepa, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri pakati pa madotolo komanso odwala matenda ashuga, sizingatheke kuti mkazi akhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso michere yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kukana kwambiri zakudya zamafuta pang'ono, zopatsa thanzi kumatha kubweretsa kupsinjika ndi kusakhazikika pansi. Amayi oyembekezera ayenera kupewa izi. Zakudya zama carb zotsika mtengo zimatha kulimbikitsidwa kwa amayi ena pambuyo pobadwa kuti ateteze kukula kwa matenda omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri, koma ndi dokotala yekha amene angasankhe.
Zipatso zimadyedwa bwino kwambiri m'mawa, popeza zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuti thupi lizilowetse.
Chakudya chamadzulo chizikhala chopepuka komanso chokhala ndi tchizi tchizi, masamba, nsomba yophika kapena nsomba zam'nyanja. Shuga ndi maswiti aliwonse, mwatsoka, ndizosavomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi matenda a shuga.
Zosankha zamasana tsiku
Zosankha za amayi apakati athanzi zimayenera kuphatikiza 50-55% ya zovuta komanso zosavuta zamafuta, pomwe odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga ayenera kuchepetsa shuga. Pafupipafupi, chakudya chamafuta chimayenera kupanga 3540% ya kuchuluka kwa chakudya, pomwe kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni kuyenera kukhala komwe kwa anthu athanzi. Kuchepetsa michere m'zakudya kumathandiza kupewa chiopsezo cha mwana wosabadwa, gawo la cesarean ndi zovuta zantchito.
Zosankha zachitsanzo za tsikulo zitha kuwoneka motere:
- chakudya cham'mawa - tchizi chamafuta ochepa, oatmeal pamadzi, tiyi wopanda shuga;
- kadzutsa wachiwiri - apulo wophika;
- nkhomaliro - filimu yophika thukuta, msuzi wamasamba, karoti, phwetekere ndi saladi wa nkhaka, buckwheat, compote yazipatso zopanda shuga;
- tiyi wamadzulo - mtedza;
- chakudya chamadzulo - kuphika pike nsomba, masamba otentha, tiyi wopanda shuga;
- akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi asanagone - kapu ya kefir, kagawo ka mkate wathunthu.
Madzulo, m'malo mwa nyama, ndibwino kudya nsomba, ndizosavuta kugaya ndipo nthawi yomweyo imadzaza thupi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe. Shuga sangawonjezere zakumwa zilizonse. Ndikofunika kukonzekera chakudya kuti nthawi yayitali pakati pa chakudya choyamba ndi chotsiriza isapitirire maola 10.
