Madokotala omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia amawonetsa mkhalidwe womwe kuyezetsa magazi kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Shuga amadzuka pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Izi sizitanthauza shuga.
Zomwe zimapanga hyperglycemia, ndi mitundu iti yomwe imachitika, zovuta zake, momwe zimapezeka ndi kupezedwa - nkhaniyi ifotokoza zonsezi.
Ichi ndi chiyani
Hyperglycemia amadziwika ndi plasma shuga ndende pamwamba pamlingo wapamwamba.
Palinso mkhalidwe wofanana ndi kuperewera kwa insulin. Mafuta a m'magazi amawonetsa malamulo a kagayidwe kazakudya.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin, maselo amayamba kumva njala, amalephera kuyamwa mafuta acid, glucose komanso oxidize wathunthu. Zotsatira zake, acetone imayamba kupanga ndi kudziunjikira. Izi zimakwiyitsa kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe kachakudya ndi zovuta mu ntchito ya ziwalo zambiri ndi machitidwe.
Pali magawo otere a maphunziro a hyperglycemia:
- mwanjira yabwino;
- zokondweretsa;
- comatose.
Zomwe zimachitika mu hyperglycemia:
- mkhalidwe uwu umawonedwa mwa anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga;
- ngati sanapatsidwe, ma pathologies amatha kukhala, kuphatikizapo imfa;
- Ndikofunikira kuti anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo awonerere kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Hyperglycemia imakonda kwambiri matenda ashuga. Koma imawonedwa ndi ma pathologies ena. Nthawi zina shuga amakwera munthu wathanzi.
Gulu
Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa chizindikirocho, hyperglycemia imachitika:
- kuwala. Kuthamanga kwamisempha ya glucose kuyambira 6 mpaka 10 mmol / L;
- kuopsa kozama (mtengo wake umachokera pa 10 mpaka 16 mmol / l);
- zolemetsa (mita ikuwonetsa pamwamba 16 mmol / l). Ngati mtengo wake ndi wokulirapo kuposa 16.5 mmol / L, pamakhala chiopsezo cha kupuma kapena boma.
Odwala omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga, hyperglycemia imagawika m'mitundu iwiri:
- owonda. Ngati wodwala sanadye pafupifupi maola 8, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera mpaka 7.2 mmol / l kapena kuposa;
- posachedwa. Zimachitika mutatha kudya. Shuga umaposa 10 mmol / L.
Hyperglycemia imasiyananso:
- zamatsenga. Zimachitika ndi zovuta za endocrine. Khalidwe la odwala matenda ashuga;
- zathupi. Osakhalitsa. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa thupi, kutenga zopatsa mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi, mphamvu zamphamvu, kupsinjika;
- kusakaniza.
Kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa, hyperglycemia imasiyanitsidwa:
- aakulu. Chimawonekera mchikakamizo cha cholowa chamunthu. Hyperglycemia syndrome nthawi zina imachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda opezeka pancreatic. Ndizodziwika kwa mtundu wa 1 odwala matenda ashuga;
- zopsinja. Imadziwawoneka ngati kuchitapo kanthu pakuwopsezedwa kwa chikhalidwe chamatsenga. Poyerekeza ndi zovuta za mthupi la munthu, kuphatikiza kwama mahomoni omwe amalepheretsa glycogeneis kukondoweza. Komanso panthawiyi, njira za gluconeogeneis ndi glycogenolysis zimakulira. Kusavomerezeka kotereku m'magulu a mahomoni kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wa plasma;
- anamentary. Kuyang'aniridwa mukatha kudya. Sichikhala m'mikhalidwe yamatenda. Zimachitika mukamamwa mankhwala ochulukirapo omwe amakhala ndi chakudya chamagulutsi. Njira zamtunduwu sizifuna chithandizo. Zizindikiro pakapita kanthawi kochepa zimachepetsa;
- mahomoni. Zimachitika ndi kusasamala kwa mahomoni motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda a endocrine. Catecholamines ndi glucocorticoids amachulukitsa shuga wamagazi.
Pathogenesis
Hyperglycemia ya chapakati imayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa maselo amalo opezeka ku hypothalamic.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumayambitsa kutulutsidwa kwa STH-RF, kuchuluka kwa glyconeogeneis.
Pathogenesis ya hyperglycemia chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa poizoni kapena kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje chapakati ndi chimodzimodzi. Zida za insulini zimayankha shuga yayikulu ndikamasula mahomoni ambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zomwe zimapezeka, glucose amasungidwa kwambiri. Kuti muchepetse, muyenera kuyambitsa mankhwala apadera.
Zimayambitsa hyperglycemia wosakhalitsa komanso wosakhalitsa
Mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemic ukhoza kukhala kwa nthawi yayitali kapenanso kukhala kanthawi kochepa.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga achulukane kwakanthawi apatsidwa pansipa:
- kupsinjika pafupipafupi;
- kudya kwambiri chakudya chamagulufiyumu;
- mimba
- kupweteka kwambiri komwe thyroxine ndi adrenaline amawonjezeka m'magazi;
- kuchepa kwa mavitamini C ndi B1;
- poizoni wa calcium
- magazi akulu;
- matenda a shuga opatsirana;
- hyperplasia ya adrenal cortex;
- kumwa magulu ena a mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, antidepressants, diuretics, beta blockers, fentamidine, niacin kuwonjezera shuga;
- matenda opatsirana;
- zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi.
Hyperglycemia wa nthawi yayitali amayamba chifukwa chophwanya kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kuwononga ziwalo za endocrine.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri za hyperglycemia zalembedwa pansipa:
- ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kuphatikiza kwa insulini kumachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic, njira yotupa mu chiwalo. Pamene 75% ya maselo omwe amatulutsa timadzi timene timawonongeka, hyperglycemia imachitika;
- mwanjira yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga, chidwi cha insulin m'maselo a thupi chimakhala chofooka. Homoni samayamwa ngakhale ndikupanga kokwanira. Chifukwa chake, shuga m'magazi amachuluka.
Zizindikiro
Masewera a glucose akadakhala abwinobwino, munthu amawona mawonekedwe otsatirawa:
- kamwa yowuma
- ludzu losatha;
- masomphenya osalala;
- kutopa;
- kukodza pafupipafupi (makamaka usiku);
- kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kuchuluka;
- kuwonda msanga;
- mabala osachiritsa;
- mawonekedwe a thrush;
- pafupipafupi matenda.
Kwa ketoacidosis, yomwe imayang'aniridwa mu shuga, mawonetsedwe otsatirawa ali ndi chikhalidwe:
- fungo la zipatso kuchokera mkamwa;
- kupweteka pamimba;
- kusowa kwamadzi;
- chisokonezo ndi kutayika kwa chikumbumtima;
- Hyperventilation yamapapo;
- nseru
- kugona
- kusanza
Ngati zizindikiro zomwe tafotokozazi zikuwoneka, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana magazi kuti apange shuga ndikuchita zoyenera.
Mavuto
Ngati glycogen sabwereranso kwina, pamakhala mavuto akulu:
- kulephera kwaimpso;
- kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha;
- kuchepa kwa zowoneka bwino mpaka khungu;
- sitiroko;
- matenda a shuga;
- myocardial infarction;
- vuto la mwendo chifukwa chakuyenda bwino;
- diabetesic hyperosmolar syndrome;
- fungal ndi bakiteriya matenda a pakhungu;
- kusowa kwamadzi kwambiri;
- ketoacidosis.
Zizindikiro
Musanachiritse hyperglycemia, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achulukane. Chifukwa chaichi, kuyesedwa kwa labotale ndikolembera. Kuti muzindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga, werengani za plasma. Muyeso wamwazi umatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa.
Ngati zotsatira zoyesedwa zili pafupi ndi 126 mg / dl, izi zikuwonetsa kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga.
Kuti mumvetse bwino za matendawa, phunzirani patomorphological. Zimawonetsa ngati kukanika kwa pancreatic kumalumikizidwa ndi kupweteka.
Ngati msuzi wama glucose ukuwonjezeka pang'ono, ndiye kukonzanso ndikuwonjezera mafuta. Kuti achite izi, amamwa kapu yamadzi okoma ndipo atatha maola angapo amapereka magazi kuti apange zamankhwala am'thupi.
Kuti athetse vuto la kupsinjika, kuwunika kwachiwiri kwa Laborator kumayikidwa pakatha sabata. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuyesa mayeso a mkodzo komanso kuyesa kwa glycosylated hemoglobin.
Chithandizo
Hypoflycemia yofatsa siyofunika kuchiritsa. Mlingo wa glucose umasinthidwa ndikusintha moyo, zakudya.
Ndizofunikanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse omwe amafanana ndi momwe munthu alili komanso zaka zake. Ngati matenda a shuga apezeka, ndiye kuti jakisoni wa insulin adzafunika.
Mankhwala Siofor
Masiku ano, akatswiri a endocrinologists akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuchiza matenda a hyperglycemia:
- Victoza. Imawongolera kudya ndipo imachepetsa mwayi wodya kwambiri;
- Siofor. Amachepetsa plasma shuga ndende;
- Glucophage. Zimakhala ngati Siofor;
- Aktos. Kuchulukitsa chidwi cha maselo a thupi la munthu kupita ku insulin.
Malangizo, mankhwala a endocrinologist amasankha aliyense payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense. Pa mankhwala, ndikofunikira kuwunika zakudya. Mwa anthu odwala matenda a shuga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito othandizira a hypoglycemic, hypoglycemia imatheka ndikudya kosayenera.
Ngati chifukwa cha hyperglycemia ndi pancreatitis yayikulu kapena matenda ena, ndikofunikira kuchiza matenda oyambira.
Pa intaneti pali njira zambiri zamankhwala azikhalidwe zomwe zitha kuthana ndi hyperglycemia. Mafuta ofunikira omwe ali muzomera zina amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kukhazikika kwa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.
Katunduyu amatchulidwa makamaka mu juniper, eucalyptus ndi geranium. Chothandiza ndi tiyi kuchokera pamasamba a birch, mabuliberiya, decoction wa ma rhizomes a burdock, masamba a nyemba.
Kupewa
Popewa kukula kwa hyperglycemia, njira zoteteza ziyenera kuchitika. Ndikofunika kuchita zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse. Ndikofunikira kuchiza matenda onse munthawi. Izi zimagwira ntchito kwa munthu yemwe alibe matenda ashuga.
Pamaso pa zovuta za endocrine, kulumpha mu shuga kumatha kupewedwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kuyendera dokotala nthawi ndi nthawi.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri la kupewa ndi kupatsa thanzi zakudya zoyenera. Zakudyazo zimasankhidwa payekha ndi dokotala kwa wodwala aliyense.
Pali malamulo ena omwe angachepetse chiopsezo cha hyperglycemia:
- osamadya kwambiri. Zakudya zambiri zopatsa thanzi zimayika zovuta pa kapamba;
- idyani pa nthawi yoikika;
- idyani pang'ono m'magawo ang'onoang'ono;
- kuwunika kalori zomwe zadyedwa;
- muchepetse kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta muzakudya;
- imwani mavitamini.
Ngati mumatsatira malamulo ngati amenewa, palibe mavuto ndi shuga wambiri.
M'mimba komanso akhanda
Pa nthawi ya pakati, kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika mthupi. Matenda abwinobwino amakomanso nthawi zina. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amakhala ngati akutsutsana ndi insulin.
Hypovitaminosis, zakudya zopanda thanzi, kupsinjika, kuchepa kwa magazi, mankhwala osalekeza angayambitse matenda a metabolism.
Ndikofunika kupewa kupsinjika nthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati
Gulu lamavuto limaphatikizapo azimayi omwe ali pamalo:
- ndi mimba zingapo;
- onenepa kwambiri;
- yemwe ankabereka ana olemera kuposa kilogalamu zinayi;
- omwe ali ndi pathologies a kapamba.
Hyperglycemia imangoyipa osati zikhalidwe za mayi wapakati, komanso thanzi la mwana.
Kwa wakhanda, mndandanda wazotsatira zimaperekedwa pansipa:
- hypoglycemia;
- matenda a shuga;
- kuvuta kupuma
- onenepa kwambiri;
- kusakhazikika;
- kutupa;
- kuphwanya kuchuluka kwa thupi.
Mu mwana wakhanda yemwe ali ndi shuga wokhazikika, zotupa zotukuka, zolakwika pantchito ya ziwalo zingapo ndi machitidwe zimatha kuonedwa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia mu makanda zimatha kukhala matenda, kutenga mankhwala ena, osiyanasiyana a ma pathologies.
Makanema okhudzana nawo
Pazizindikiro ndi zotsatira za hyperglycemia mu kanema:
Chifukwa chake, hyperglycemia imayang'aniridwa motsutsana ndi maziko a kudya kwambiri, matenda a kapamba ndi ziwalo zina. Ngati misempha ya glucose siili yodziwika bwino, mavuto amakula. Chifukwa chake, ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe azikhalidwe, muyenera kulankhulana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Adzaunikira mayeso ndikusankha njira yabwino yochizira. Amayi oyembekezera ayenera kusamala makamaka za iwo eni. Kupatula apo, hyperglycemia imasokoneza thanzi la mayi wamtsogolo, komanso thanzi ndi kakulidwe ka mwana.
