Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupereka maselo ndi glucose.
Kuchokera ku chakudya, imalowa m'magazi, ndikupatsa minofu ndi mphamvu yofunikira. Pankhani ya kuchepa kwa insulin, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawonjezeka. Matendawa amatchedwa hyperglycemia.
Njirayi ndiyowopsa kwa mthupi lonse. Matendawa amatuluka mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo. Potsatira ifotokozedwa mtundu 1 wa shuga.
Gulu
Type 1 shuga mellitus ndi mkhalidwe pamene maselo achangu a pancreatic ayamba kufa (ali ndi udindo wopanga insulin).
Chifukwa chake, imfa yawo imayambitsa kuperewera kwa mahomoni awa. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amtundu 1 amapezeka paubwana ngakhale ali mwana.
Malinga ndi malingaliro amakono a akatswiri, kukula kwa mtundu wamtunduwu kumachitika chifukwa cha chitetezo chochepa, kakulidwe ka kachilombo ka virus. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha chibadwa. Komabe, pankhani yomalizayi, osati nthendayo yomweyi imangobadwa yokha, koma kungodziwikiratu.
Matenda a shuga a Type 1 akhoza kukhala:
- wodwala insulin: endocrine system matenda, yomwe imayendera limodzi ndi kupanga insulin yaying'ono. Matenda amtunduwu amakhala ndi pafupifupi 2% ya milandu yonse. Matendawa amawonekera nthawi zambiri ali ndi zaka 10 mpaka 13. Chithandizo chokha ndicho majekeseni a moyo wonse omwe amateteza kagayidwe ka wodwala;
- insulin yodziyimira payokha: Matenda amtunduwu amapezeka mwa anthu okalamba. Pankhaniyi, kapamba amatulutsa insulini pang'ono. Thupi silingathe kugawa moyenera. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonjezeka, chifukwa chomwe ziwiya zimasokonekera. Ziwalo zina zimawonongeka pakapita nthawi.
Zifukwa zachitukuko
Matenda a shuga amayamba kukula ngati kapamba sakuyenda bwino. Glucose, wogwiritsa ntchito ngati mphamvu, imasungidwa m'magazi. Pafupifupi 15% ya odwala onse amadwala matenda amtunduwu.
Nthawi zambiri imapezeka mwa achinyamata. Komabe, mwayi wakutukuka uliponso mwa akulu. Chifukwa chamankhwala osayenera, matendawa amatha kukhala matenda a shuga a "ana".
Titha kusiyanitsa zinthu zotsatirazi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa ayambe:
- chibadwa: mwana yemwe abambo kapena amayi ake akulimbana ndi matendawa amatha kukhala ndi matendawa;
- matenda a virus: akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti rubella, komanso ma retrovirus osiyanasiyana, amathanso kukhudza kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba. Pankhaniyi, mawonekedwe a autoimmune omwe amapanga maselo a beta amatha kuchepa;
- mankhwala: Kulandila kwa beta-blockers, komanso glucocorticoids zimawononga ntchito ya thupi;
- chakudya: atabadwa, odwala ambiri adayamitsidwa;
- zizolowezi zoipa: mowa, komanso kusayenda, kusuta fodya kumathandizira kuti matendawa athe.
Njira yopititsira patsogolo
Kukula kwa matenda ashuga kumayambitsidwa pomwe kupanga insulini kutsika.
Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chiwonongeko chawo mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zina za pathogenic: kupsinjika, matenda oyamba, komanso kachilombo ka virus.
Zizindikiro zomwe zimawoneka m'dwala zimayamba kupita patsogolo mwachangu. Pakakhala chithandizo chokwanira, matenda ashuga amayamba kupita patsogolo. Pakapita nthawi yochepa, mavuto amatha kuonekanso.
Zizindikiro
Thupi, ndikupanga matenda a shuga amtundu 1, amayang'ana magazi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga, kuchotsa shuga wambiri mkodzo. Chifukwa chake, odwala nthawi zambiri amazunzidwa ndi ludzu, komanso chidwi chofuna kukodza.
Njala ingathenso kuchitika. Odwala amadandaula za kutopa kosalekeza. Pazigawo zoyambirira, amatha kuzindikirika ngati chiwonetsero cha kuzizira wamba, kutopa kwambiri.
Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitha kuganiziridwa kuti zili ndi matenda a shuga:
- kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe;
- mabala omwe samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali;
- matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe samachiritsidwa.
Zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika chifukwa cha kupepuka kwapanja.
Wodwalayo amayamba kukayikira kukula kwa matenda a shuga pamene shuga m'magazi aposa miyezo yonse yovomerezeka ndikuwonetsa zotsatirazi zowopsa:
- kulephera kudziwa;
- mseru, m'mimba kupweteka;
- kununkhira kwa acetone mumlengalenga komwe wodwala amatulutsa.
Mkhalidwe womwe wafotokozedwa pamwambapa umachitika chifukwa asidi amadziunjikira m'magazi.
Zizindikiro
Kuti adziwe, wodwalayo ayenera kupereka magazi a hemoglobin (glycated).
Kusanthula uku sikuyenera kukhala pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Zotsatira zake sizimadalira pazowonjezera: chimfine, kumwa mowa, kupsinjika.
Chithandizo
Chithandizo chimakhala ndikukhala ndi shuga m'magazi pafupi ndi zabwinobwino - pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mimba 4.0-5,5 mmol / L. Njira zazikulu zothandizira ndi jakisoni wa insulin, komanso kudya.
Mankhwala Metformin
Monga lamulo, mapiritsi a kuchepetsa magazi a shuga sathandiza akulu ndi ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Ngati matenda amtunduwu ali ovuta chifukwa chokhala wonenepa kwambiri, adotolo amafotokozera Metformin. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera pazakudya ndikuwongolera kwa insulin.
Zakudya
Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, pali malamulo awa azakudya omwe ayenera kutsatira:
- kudya kumayenera kukhala kochitika pafupipafupi. Njira zoyenera - maola 5 aliwonse;
- kutsatira kwambiri zakudyazo popanda kudumpha kamodzi kapena kamodzi;
- kudya kwambiri ndikosayenera (gawo lililonse lotsatira liyenera kukhala locheperako poyerekeza ndi lakale);
- menyu ayenera kulemekezedwa ndi zipatso, masamba abwino.
Sikulimbikitsidwa kudya mafuta ambiri mu chakudya. Pomwe zingatheke, kuphika nyama ndi masamba azamasamba kuyenera kupewedwa kuti tisunge zakudya zonse zomwe zilimo.
Kupewa
Choyamba, muyenera kudya moyenera. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kudya zakudya zamafuta. Chifukwa cha izi, katundu pa zikondwerero amachepa.
Monga njira yodzitetezera, zolimbitsa thupi zimalimbikitsidwa.
Popewa matendawa, muyenera kuyenda pafupipafupi, komanso kusambira, kuvina. Ndikofunikanso kukhalabe osatekeseka, kupewa zinthu zosasangalatsa ndikusiya kuyankhulana ndi abwenzi opanda malingaliro olakwika.
Pa nthawi yoyembekezera
M'mbuyomu, kutenga pakati komanso shuga zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosagwirizana. Mwamwayi, lero zinthu zasintha.
Ndi kubwera kwa mankhwala atsopano, zida zapadera, ndizotheka kukhalabe ndi thanzi la mayi ndikuyamwitsa mwana.
Ngati mungayang'ane ndi dotolo munthawi yonse yomwe muli ndi pakati, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala, mwana wabwinobwino adzabadwa. Kuopsa kotengera matenda ashuga, ngati m'modzi wa makolo ali odwala, ndi kochepa. Komabe, mwayi wofalitsa matendawa kwa mwana ukuwonjezeka ngati nthendayo imawonedwa mwa amayi ndi abambo.
Matenda a shuga kwa ana
Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi osowa kwambiri mwa makanda. Kwa zoterezi, zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizodziwika: Kusanza pafupipafupi, mwana samanenepa, ma diap amakhala "osowetsedwa" pambuyo pomauma, madzi m'thupi.
Mu ana a zaka zakubadwa, matenda a shuga amawonekera motere:
- kusowa kwa chakudya;
- mutatha kudya, kusanza kumatseguka;
- ulesi kapena kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kumawonedwa.
Ponena za achinyamata, amakhala ndi kutopa, komanso kupweteka mutu pafupipafupi, maphunziro awo amawonjezereka, ndipo kukwiya kumawonjezeka. Nthawi zonse, chithandizo cha matendawa chimachitika pobweretsa insulin pansi pa khungu.
Zovuta ndi Kuneneratu
Mwa zina zopweteka kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga, zimasiyanitsa chikomokere.
Poterepa, boma limatanthawuza pamene zochitika m'moyo zikuchepa. Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba nthawi zambiri amakhumudwitsa ketoacidosis. Imadziwonetsa yokha monga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso matupi a ketone.
Mavuto aposachedwa kwambiri akuphatikizapo matenda a shuga a m'matumbo, retinopathy, ndi nephropathy. Zoneneratu zokhudzana ndi dokotala wodwala amalengezedwa payekhapayekha.
Mankhwala a insulin komanso mankhwala atsopano
Ngati pali zisonyezo zochizira matenda ashuga, mankhwala ofanana ndi insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.
Kuchita kumawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin kumakuthandizani kuti muziwongolera matendawa, kuti mupewe kupitanso patsogolo.
Ponena za kusala kudya, akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa njira yotereyi kwa odwala awo. Pankhaniyi, kufa ndi njala kwapakatikati komanso nthawi yayitali ndikofunikira.
Makanema okhudzana nawo
Za mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga omwe amawonedwa pa TV "Live Great!" ndi Elena Malysheva:
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga (monga wina aliyense) ndi matenda osachiritsika, kotero ndikosatheka kuchiritsa. Komabe, kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, moyo wabwino, muyenera kutsatira malingaliro a dokotala.
Mu matenda a shuga (odalira insulin), kapamba satulutsa kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa insulin. Momwemo, glucose zomwe zili m'magazi zimayamba kuchuluka, zomwe zimakhudza impso, komanso mitsempha yamagazi ndi ziwalo zina. Mavuto nthawi zambiri amakula ovuta kwambiri, omwe amatha kubweretsa kulumala.
