Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika a endocrine omwe amakhala ndi zovuta zambiri komanso amafupikitsa moyo. Mafunde akuthwa mu plasma glycemia ndi oopsa kwambiri.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe zimachitika munthu akamadwala matenda ashuga komanso zomwe angachite kuti akhale wathanzi.
Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga
Hypoglycemia imamveka ngati mkhalidwe womwe umadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pansi pazoyambira. Hyperglycemia ndi kulumpha lakuthwa mu glucose mmwamba.
Zosankha zonsezi ndiopsa kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kugwidwa komanso kupewa.
Hyperglycemia
Cholinga chachikulu cha shuga ambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndikuthawa kumwa mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga kapena jakisoni wa insulin. Ngati mankhwalawo adasungidwa molakwika ndikuwonongeka, ndiye kuti sangathe kugwira ntchito.
Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumaonjezera.
Zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia ndi:
- kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu;
- kupsinjika kwakukulu, chisangalalo;
- kusowa kwa magalimoto;
- kupezeka kwa ma pathologies osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda opatsirana;
- kudya kwambiri
Hypoglycemia
Zimayambitsa hypoglycemia mwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga, mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kutsika kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi kungayambitse kusintha kwa pharmacokinetics a mankhwala ena.
Izi zimachitika wodwala akayamba aimpso kapena chiwindi kulephera. Zosintha mu pharmacokinetics zimawonedwanso ndikukhazikitsa kwa mankhwalawa pakuya kolakwika (mwachitsanzo, insulin siyalowa pakhungu, koma m'matumbo).
Zomwe zimayambitsa hypoglycemia zingaphatikizepo:
- ntchito yayitali komanso yayikulu;
- gastroparesis;
- nthawi ya mkaka wa m`mawere;
- kupatuka mu pituitary gland;
- mimba
- matenda a adrenal glands;
- phwando zakumwa zoledzeretsa;
- zakudya zosayenera (ngati wodwalayo sanadye chakudya chokwanira chokwanira kupangira mlingo wa insulin, mwayi wowukiridwa umachulukirachulukira);
- kudya kosalamulirika kwa barbiturates, anticoagulants, antihistamines (mankhwalawa amalepheretsa kuphatikiza kwa shuga m'chiwindi, komwe kumapangitsa maziko olimbitsa kukoka kwa hypoglycemia);
- chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali ndi gamma globulin (gawo la maselo a beta amatha kuchira komanso kufunika kwa insulin kugwa);
- malabsorption syndrome.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1 ndi 2
Hyper-, hypoglycemia imatha kukupweteketsani mukapanda kuchitapo kanthu kuti pasakhale shuga. Muyenera kuchita kumayambiriro kwa kuwukira. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiritso zama glucose okwera komanso otsika.
Hyperglycemic
Kuukira kwa hyperglycemia ndi mtundu wa 2 odwala matenda ashuga. Khunyu limapezeka ngati shuga wa magazi aposa 6.7 mmol / L.
Shuga wambiri amatha kuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotere:
- kukodza pafupipafupi;
- kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera pamlomo wamkamwa;
- kumverera kwakumwa kosalekeza (madzi akumwa samatha ludzu);
- kuthawa;
- kupukusira ululu m'mimba.
Hypoglycemic
Hypoglycemia imayamba kugwidwa ndimtundu wa 1 matenda ashuga. Vutolo limayamba pamene shuga agwera pansi 3 mmol / L. Shuga wambiri akamatsika, zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri kuzizwitsa.
Zizindikiro za glycemia wotsika:
- tachycardia;
- kusokonekera;
- kugwedezeka kwamiyendo;
- chikumbumtima;
- thukuta lozizira;
- kulakalaka kwamphamvu;
- kukokana
- nkhawa zopanda pake;
- khunyu
- kufooka.
Matenda ashuga monga chifukwa cha shuga
Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga angayambitse kukomoka chifukwa cha kunenepa kwa shuga. Matenda a matenda ashuga amadziwika ngati vuto lalikulu, lomwe limadziwika ndi kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi ziwalo, kagayidwe, kusintha kosasintha.
Coma ikhoza kukhala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- lactic acidotic. Imachitika chifukwa cha anaerobic glycolysis ndi kapangidwe ka lactic acid. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndi sepsis, kuvulala kwambiri, kugwedezeka, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa magazi. Mtundu wamtunduwu ndi wosowa, koma umabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu pamoyo wamunthu;
- hyperosmolar. Amadziwika ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Chifukwa ndi kuchuluka pokodza. Zotsatira za kuchepa kwamadzi, kuchuluka kwa magazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi la seramu kumakulanso. Glycemia imafika 50-60 mmol / l;
- ketoacidotic. Kukwera kwa glucose wamagazi kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matupi a plasma ketone. Mamita akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga pamtunda wa 13 mpaka 20 mmol / L. Acetone wapezeka mu mkodzo;
- hypoglycemic. Amayamba ndi mankhwala ochulukitsa a shuga, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitilira muyeso, ndi zina zambiri. Mlingo wa shuga umakwera mpaka 10-20 mmol / L.
Mulimonsemo, chikomokere chimayambitsa ngozi yayikulu ndikuwopseza moyo wa wodwalayo. Zotsatira zake zitha kukhala:
- matenda a chiwindi;
- kuwonongeka kwa impso;
- zosokoneza mu ntchito ya mtima minofu;
- kuwonongeka kwa ma cell aubongo.
Zoyenera kuchita
Ngati munthu wadwala mwadzidzidzi, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikuyeza kuchuluka kwa glycemia ndi glucometer.
Ngati kulibe chida choterocho kunyumba, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuyimba ambulansi. Ngati chipangizocho chikuwonetsa kupatuka pang'ono pazomwe zimachitika, shuga amatha kukhazikika podziyimira pawokha, mwa kubaya insulini, kapena kudya china lokoma.
Muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe mungaperekere chithandizo choyambirira, ndi mankhwala ati omwe alipo kuti mukhale wathanzi, komanso ngati njira zina zimathandizira kuchepetsa matenda ashuga.
Thandizo loyamba
Kuti mupeze chithandizo choyamba cha kukodwa kwa hypoglycemic, muyenera kuchita izi:
- apatseni wodwalayo madzi akumwa ndi shuga. Tiyi yabwino, msuzi wokhala ndi glucose wambiri ungachite. Zakudya zophatikiza thupi siziyenera kuperekedwa pakamavulidwe: munthawi imeneyi, munthu sangathe kutafuna;
- kudzoza mano ndi kuphika kwapadera kwa shuga;
- ngati wodwala akudwala, ayenera kuthandizidwa kuti agone mbali yake. Ngati kusanza kwayamba, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa pakamwa pa wozunzidwayo;
- ngati kukhumudwa kwachitika, chisamaliro chikuyenera kuchitika kuti wodwalayo asaluma lilime lake. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika supuni kapena ndodo pakati pa mano.
Kuti muthane ndi vuto la hyperglycemic, zotsatirazi zikulimbikitsidwa:
- ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose kuli pamwamba pa 14 mmol / l, ndikofunikira kupereka mwachangu insulin (pafupifupi magawo awiri). Mlingo waukulu sungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Jekeseni wotsatira sayenera kuchitika pasanathe maola angapo jekeseni woyamba;
- kukhutitsa thupi ndi mavitamini, chakudya komanso mapuloteni. Izi zimabwezeretsa acid-base usawa. Soda yankho ndi mchere wamadzi amchere.
Ngati njirazo zitachitika kuti munthu asamve bwino, muyenera kuyitanitsa mwachangu.
Mankhwala
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ayenera kuchitika molingana ndi mtundu wokhazikitsidwa wa matenda ashuga.Ndikofunika kuti odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lofananalo nthawi zonse azikhala ndi mankhwala oyenera.
Izi zikuthandizani kuti muchotse msanga. Ndi hyperglycemia, insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imachepetsa shuga mwachangu. Mwachitsanzo, Biogulin, Diarapid, Actrapid, Insuman kapena Humulin.
Kuthana ndi vuto la hypoglycemic, Glucagon imayang'aniridwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Popewa kukhudzana ndi shuga wambiri kapena wotsika kuti musabwerezenso, muyenera kusintha kuchuluka kwa Hypoglycemic yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito ndikuyang'ananso zakudya zanu. Mungafunike kusankha mankhwala ena.
Zithandizo za anthu
Pochiza matenda a shuga a anthu osagwirizana ndi insulin komanso kupewa matenda omwe angadwale matendawa, njira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi nettle ndi chindapusa potengera izo. Chomera chimachepetsa shuga, chimakongoletsa microflora yamatumbo, imachepetsa kugaya, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi ndi kupuma.
Izi ndizothandiza maphikidwe:
- magawo awiri sakanizani masamba a mabulosi am'madzi, maukonde, lingonberry ndi galegi. Tengani supuni ziwiri za kaphatikizidwe ndikutsanulira 0,5 malita a madzi otentha. Tengani chikho cha 2/3 katatu patsiku;
- nettle, clover, celandine ndi yarrow amatenga chiwerengero cha 4: 2: 1: 3. Thirani supuni ya 200 ml ya madzi otentha. Imwani kapu yachitatu katatu patsiku.
Makanema okhudzana nawo
Zizindikiro ndi zotsatira za hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia mu shuga mellitus:
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuthana ndi matenda ashuga kumayambiriro. Amawonetsedwa ndi zodziwika, kukula kwake komwe kumawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi a m'magazi. Ndi hypo-, kugwidwa kwa hyperglycemic, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti muchepetse kukhazikika kwa magazi.
