Matenda a shuga ndi imodzi mwazovuta zazikulu. Zimapatsa wodwala zinthu zambiri zosasangalatsa komanso zimathandiza kukulitsa zovuta zambiri.
Pachifukwa ichi, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amamuuza mayeso amitundu yambiri, zotsatira zake zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi lingaliro labwino la wodwalayo.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyesedwa zasayansi zomwe akatswiri amakono amagwiritsa ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magazi ndi a hemoglobin a glycated.
Glycosylated hemoglobin: ndi chiyani?
Kodi hemoglobin wamba ndi ndani, aliyense amadziwa. Koma lingaliro longa "glycosylated hemoglobin" limadabwitsa odwala ambiri.
M'malo mwake, zonse ndizosavuta. Hemoglobin imakhala ndi mawonekedwe amodzi - imangophatikizana ndi glucose yomwe imazungulira m'magazi.
Ndipo njirayi singasinthe. Zotsatira zake, izi glycosylated hemoglobin kapena HbA1c zimawonekera. Chizindikiro ichi chimayeza mu%.
Kwambiri% ya magazi glycated hemoglobin, ndi mwayi waukulu wa matenda ashuga mu thupi.
Kuzindikira koyesedwa kwa magazi a HbA1c
Kuyesa magazi anu kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa HbA1c ndi njira yodalirika yodziwira matenda ashuga.
Pachifukwa ichi, akatswiri nthawi zambiri amalembera odwala omwe zizindikiro zawo zimawonetsa kuti akhoza kukhala ndi matenda a shuga, chopereka cha magazi cha hemoglobin ya glycated.
Phunziroli limakupatsani mwayi wopeza zotsatira zoyenera molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated mu plasma m'miyezi itatu yapitayo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mamolekyulu a glucose omwe adachita ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi amapanga gulu lolimba lomwe silikuwonongeka ngakhale mapangidwe atadutsa minyewa.
Chifukwa cha izi, mutha kuzindikira vutoli koyambirira pomwe mayeso ena sawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda. Mudalandira zotsatira za kusanthula, mutha kutsimikizira kuti matendawo ndi oopsa, kapena kutsutsa kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga, ndikulimbikitsanso wodwalayo.
Momwe mungayesere magazi oyeserera?
Ubwino wawukulu woyeserera wamagazi pamlingo wa glycated hemoglobin ndikusowa kwa njira zokonzekera.
Kusanthula kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse masana, ngati kuli koyenera kwa wodwalayo. Mulimonsemo, zotsatira zake zimakhala zolondola.
Pakufufuza, wothandizira ma labotore amatenga magazi ochulukirapo kuchokera kwa wodwala, monga nthawi yomwe amawunikira ambiri. Koma kuti mukhale ndi chithunzi cholondola kuchokera kadzutsa, ndibwino kupewa. M'pofunikanso kuchedwetsa mayeserowo ngati wodwalayo atalandira magazi tsiku lathalo, kapena atatuluka magazi kwambiri.
Ngati mungapereke kusanthula pambuyo pazochitika zotere, ndizotheka kupeza chotsatira ndi cholakwika chachikulu kapena chopanda tanthauzo. Ndikofunikanso kulabadira kuti ma labotale osiyanasiyana amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pophunzirira biomaterial, kotero zotsatira zake zimakhala zosiyanasiyana.
Zomwe amawunikira zikuwonetsa: kudziwa zomwe zimachitika phunziroli
Pozindikira mozama, momwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi World Health Organization zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chizindikiro chochepera 5.7% chikuwonetsa kuti wodwalayo amakhala wabwinobwino ndi kagayidwe kazakudya ndipo saopseza kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Ngati zotsatira zake ndi chiwerengero cha oposa 6.5%, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amakhala ndi matenda a shuga.
Chiwerengero cha 6-6.5% chikuwonetsa prediabetes. Komanso kwa odwala matenda ashuga, dokotala yemwe amapezekapo amatha kudziwa mtundu wa hemoglobin wa glycosylated, womwe anthu amamuona ngati wofatsa. Zikatero, zomwe aliyense azichita zidzakhala 6.5% mpaka 7.5%.
Kuphatikiza pa shuga, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin wa glycated mpaka 6% kungayambitsenso:
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hemoglobinopathies;
- ndulu yochotsa opaleshoni;
- kusowa kwachitsulo mthupi.
Mitundu
Miyezo yodziwira wodwala ikhoza kukhala yosiyana pamagulu osiyanasiyana. Magulu opatukana ndi omwe amadziwika kuti glycated hemoglobin indices amawerengedwa payekhapayekha.
Akuluakulu amuna ndi akazi
Kwa akulu akulu ogonana mwamphamvu, akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi.Asanakwanitse zaka 30, malowa aanthu amaonedwa kuti ndi cholowa cha 4,5-5,5%.
Kufikira zaka 50, chizindikiro mwa munthu wathanzi sayenera kupitirira 6.5%. Pofika bambo wazaka 50 kapena kupitilira, chiwerengerochi chimawerengedwa kuti 7%. Mwa azimayi akuluakulu, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated panthawi ya msambo imatsika pang'ono kuposa pakugonana kwamphamvu.
M'masiku otsalawo, chikhalidwe cha zogonana zoyenera chizikhala chofanana ndi cha amuna. Chifukwa chake, osakwana zaka 30, zopunthwitsa za 4,5-5,5% zimawonedwa ngati zabwinobwino kwa odwala athanzi.
Mpaka zaka 50, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated imatha kufika 5.5-6,5% mu thupi la mkazi wathanzi. Patadutsa zaka 50, 7% imakhala yovomerezeka.
Mu ana
Mtundu wa hemoglobin wa glycated mwa ana ndi kuyambira 4 mpaka 5.8-6%. Kuphatikiza apo, chizindikirochi sichimadalira mtundu wa mwana, malo omwe akukhala komanso nyengo yomwe ali.
Kusiyana ndi kumene ndi kumene kumene. Mlingo wawo wa hemoglobin wa glycated amatha kufikira 6%, omwe samadziwika kuti ndi matenda.
Komabe, miyambo yotereyi kwa makanda ndi yakanthawi. Pakadutsa miyezi pafupifupi iwiri, thunthu la zinthu m'thupi mwawo liyenera kukula.
Pa nthawi yoyembekezera
Panthawi yapakati, zovuta zilizonse sizotsimikizika zachindunji. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amayi omwe amayembekeza nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la kuchepa mphamvu, kuchepa magazi, toxosis, yomwe ilibe zotsatira zabwino pamlingo wa glycosylated hemoglobin m'magazi.
Monga lamulo, kuwunikira kowonjezereka kwa mkazi kumafunika kuti apange matenda a shuga.
Mwambiri, zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda:
- ngati zotsatira za kusanthula zikuwonetsa mpaka 5.7%, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga ndi chochepa, ndipo metabolism ya carbo ndi yachibadwa;
- mu milandu pamene kuwunikaku kukuwonetsa 5.7-6.0%, mayi woyembekezera atha kupezeka ndi prediabetes. Ndikotheka kupewa kupita patsogolo kwa njira za matenda ashuga komanso kusintha kagayidwe kazakudya powona kudya pang'ono kwa carb;
- chizindikiro cha 6.1-6.4% chikuwonetsa kuti chiopsezo chotenga matenda ashuga ndichokwera kwambiri, ndipo mayi woyembekezera ali m'dera "lamalire";
- ndi zizindikiro za 6.5% kapena kuposerapo, matenda a shuga amakula. Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa matenda omwe umayamba mwa mayi, muyenera kuwunika kowonjezera.
Ndi matenda ashuga
Mlingo wa hemoglobin wa glycosylated wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatsimikiziridwa ndi adotolo pozindikira zomwe zimachitika mthupi, msinkhu wodwala, kuchuluka kwa zovuta ndi mfundo zina.Monga lamulo, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha 6.5%.
Nthawi zina, chizindikirochi chimatha kufikira malire a 8.0-8.5%.
Ngati mukuyang'ana momwe madokotala alili, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kudzakhala kwa mtundu 1, chiwerengero cha 6.5% kapena kuposa. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, 6.5-7.0% amadziwika kuti ndiwozonse.
Ngati glycosylated hemoglobin ndi yokwera kuposa yachilendo, kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?
Ngati wodwala wapezeka kuti wakweza hemoglobin ya glycosylated, izi sizitanthauza kuti amadwala matenda a shuga.
Kuwonjezeka kwa zidziwitso kumatha kubweretsa zovuta mu kapamba, zochitika zovutitsa, kusagwira bwino kwa metabolic, komanso kuphwanya mzere wamahomoni m'thupi.
Komanso, chizindikiro china cha chakudya ndi mankhwala omwe angayambitse kusintha komwe kumagwirizana kungayambitse kudumpha kwa chisonyezo.
Zifukwa zakuchera pansipa
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo, monga chotulukapo, kuchepa kwa glycosylated hemoglobin.
Zomwe zimayambitsa zimaphatikizapo hypoglycemia yomwe imayamba chifukwa chogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso zakudya zazitali za "njala".
Komanso, chomwe chimayambitsa kutsika kwa hemoglobin wa glycated mpaka 4% kapena kuchepera kungakhale kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa magazi, kuthira magazi, kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi kupsinjika koyambira.
Zikatero, ndizotheka kuyambiranso kafukufukuyo kuti mudziwe bwino ngati kuli koyenera, ndikupeza njira zothetsera vuto lomwe liripo.
Makanema okhudzana nawo
Za zomwe glycosylated hemoglobin ali mu kanemayo:
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa glycosylated (glycated) hemoglobin ndi njira yodalirika yoyeserera thupi kuti mupewe matenda ashuga kapena njira yogwira ya matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, musanyalanyaze mayeso ngati mwalandira kwa dokotala.
Kupitilira mayeserowo kukuthandizani kuzindikira zopatuka poyambilira ndikuwunika panthawi yake ndikuonetsetsa kuti matendawa akuwongolera mokwanira.
