Zikuwoneka kuti matenda ashuga amawonekera limodzi ndi kubadwa kwa moyo padziko lapansi. Kwa zaka zoposa 4,000, anthu ndi ziweto akhala akudwala "matenda okoma". Amphaka ndi agalu, limodzi ndi eni ake, akukumana ndi nkhawa, kutonthoza wokondedwa. Zotsatira zake, abale omvera chisoni abale athu ang'onoang'ono nthawi zina amakhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.
Asayansi samamvetsetsa bwino zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, komama psychosomatics a shuga mwachiwonekere amagwirizana ndi kupsinjika, mitsempha, malingaliro osakhalitsa.
Mbiri pang'ono
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga zafotokozedwa ndi madokotala onse odziwika kuyambira nthawi za prehistoric. M'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC, Demetrios, yemwe adachiritsa Agiriki akale, adapereka matendawo dzina la "shuga", lomwe limamasulira kuti "Ndikuwoloka." Ndi mawu awa, adotolo adalongosola mawonekedwe owonetsera - odwala mosalekeza amamwa madzi ndikutaya, ndiye kuti, madzi samasungidwa, amayenda kudutsa thupi.
Kwa zaka zambiri, madotolo ayesera kuti amvetse tanthauzo la matenda ashuga, kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa ndikupeza chithandizo, koma matendawa adapitilirabe woopsa. Odwala a Type I amwalira achichepere, anthu omwe amadwala ndi mawonekedwe odziimira a insulin amathandizidwa ndi zakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma kukhalapo kwawo kunali kowawa.
Makina a matendawa adayamba kuonekera pokhapokha atachitika m'zaka za zana la 19. sayansi pazokhudza magwiridwe antchito a endocrine - endocrinology.
Katswiri wazanyama Paul Langerhans adazindikira ma cell a pancreatic omwe amapanga insulin. Maselo amatchedwa "zisumbu za Langerhans, koma asayansi ena pambuyo pake adakhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pawo ndi matenda a shuga."
Mpaka 1921, pamene Canada a Frederick Bunting ndi a Charles Best adadziwitsira insulin kuchokera ku zikondamoyo za galu, palibenso njira yochizira matenda ashuga. Pazotulukazi, asayansi ayenera kulandira Mphotho ya Nobel, komanso odwala matenda ashuga - mwayi wamoyo wautali. Insulin yoyamba idapezeka kuchokera ku zimbudzi za ng'ombe ndi nkhumba, kuphatikiza kwathunthu kwa mahomoni aumunthu kunatheka kokha mu 1976.
Zomwe asayansi apeza zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, zinapangitsa kuti akhale bwino, koma matendawa sangagonje. Chiwerengero cha odwala chikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse, m'maiko otukuka matenda ashuga akuyamba kuchuluka.
Kuchiza matendawa pokhapokha ngati muli ndi insulin komanso mankhwala ochepetsa shuga sikugwira ntchito mokwanira. Munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga asinthe kwambiri moyo wake, asinthe kadyedwe kake, ndi kudziletsa. Madokotala amakonda kuganiza kuti psychosomatics ya matenda a shuga imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsa matendawa, makamaka mtundu II.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda a shuga
Zotsatira zamaphunziro, ubale unapezeka pakati pa kuchuluka kwa zamaganizidwe ndi glucose wamagazi. Dongosolo la mantha a autonomic limakwaniritsa kufunika kwa mphamvu powonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Pachikhalidwe, mtundu I shuga (wodalira insulini) ndi mtundu II (osadalira insulini) umasiyanitsidwa. Koma palinso matenda a shuga, omwe ndi oopsa kwambiri.
Matenda a shuga
Ndi mawonekedwe awa, kusintha kwadzidzidzi m'magazi a glucose kumachitika masana. Palibe chifukwa chowonekera cha kudumpha, ndipo kulephera kusintha kwamtundu wa insulin kumayambitsa hypoglycemia, chikomokere, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Njira yotere ya matendawa imawonedwa mu 10% ya odwala, makamaka achinyamata.
Madotolo ati matenda ashuga ovuta ndi vuto la m'maganizo kuposa lamoyo. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga wofotokozedwa ndi a Michael Somogy mu 1939, ndikufanizira kumasulidwa kwa glucose kosasunthika ndi kuwonongeka kwa ndege chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mosachedwa kuyendetsa ndege. Oyendetsa ndege sanachite molakwika ndi ma signation a automation, ndipo chamoyo cha matenda ashuga sicholakwika potanthauzira kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Mlingo waukulu wa insulin ulowa mthupi, shuga achepa, chiwindi "chimathandiza" ndi glycogen ndipo zonse zimakhala zabwinobwino. Monga lamulo, hypoglycemia imachitika usiku wodwala atagona. M'mawa amadzimva wosasangalala, shuga wake amakhala wokwera. Poyankha madandaulo, adotolo amawonjezera mlingo wa insulin, womwe sugwirizana ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Chifukwa chake bwalo loipa limapangidwa, lomwe limakhalavuto kutuluka.
Kuti muwonetsetse kuvutikira, zidzakhala zofunikira kuyeza hemoglobin usana ndi usiku kwa masiku 7-10 maola anayi aliwonse. Kutengera zolemba izi, adotolo amasankha insulin yoyenera.
Chithunzi cha wodwala matenda ashuga
Ma psychosomatics a shuga amtundu uliwonse amakhala ndi mikhalidwe mwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga:
- Kusakhazikika, kumverera kuti wasiyidwa, kuda nkhawa;
- Kuzindikira kowawa kosalephera;
- Kukhumba kukhazikika ndi mtendere, kudalira okondedwa;
- Chizolowezi chodzaza chisowa cha chikondi ndi malingaliro abwino ndi chakudya;
- Zoletsa chifukwa cha matenda nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kukhumudwa;
- Odwala ena amawonetsa chidwi ndi thanzi lawo ndipo amakana chilichonse chomwe chimakumbutsa za matendawa. Nthawi zina zionetsero zimachitika chifukwa chomwa mowa.
Chikoka cha zamaganizidwe amishuga
Mkhalidwe wamaganizo wamunthu umakhudzana mwachindunji ndi thanzi lake. Sikuti aliyense amakwanitsa kukhalabe ndi malingaliro atazindikira matenda osachiritsika. Matenda a shuga samalola kuiwala za inu nokha, odwala amakakamizika kumanganso miyoyo yawo, kusintha zizolowezi, kusiya zakudya zomwe amakonda, ndipo izi zimakhudzanso magawo awo a malingaliro.
Mawonetsedwe amtundu wa I ndi mtundu II matenda ndi ofanana, njira zamankhwala ndizosiyana, koma ma psychosomatics a shuga mellitus amakhalabe osasinthika. Njira zomwe zimachitika mthupi ndi matenda ashuga zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ophatikizika, zimasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo, zamitsempha yamagazi, mitsempha yamagazi ndi ubongo. Chifukwa chake, zovuta za shuga pa psyche sizingadziwike.
Ubwenzi wapakati pa matenda ashuga ndi thanzi la malingaliro
Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitsempha komanso kukhumudwa. Endocrinologists alibe lingaliro limodzi pa ubale wa causal: ena akutsimikiza kuti mavuto amiseche amapangitsa matendawa, ena amatsata mbali yotsutsana.
Ndikosavuta kunena motsimikiza kuti zoyambitsa zamaganizidwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa shuga. Komabe, ndizosatheka kukana kuti machitidwe a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakudwala amasintha moyenera. Popeza kulumikizana koteroko kulipo, chiphunzitso chinapangidwa kuti, pogwiritsira ntchito psyche, matenda aliwonse akhoza kuchiritsidwa.
Malinga ndikuwona kwa akatswiri azamisala, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, zokhudzana ndimaganizo zimawonedwa nthawi zambiri. Kupsinjika pang'ono, kupsinjika, zochitika zomwe zimayambitsa kusinthasintha zimatha kubweretsa kusweka. Zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha shuga zimatha kulowa m'magazi, zomwe thupi silingathe kulipira shuga.
Akatswiri odziwa za endocrinologists adazindikira kale kuti shuga imakonda kukhudzana ndi anthu omwe akufunika chisamaliro, ana opanda chikondi cha amayi, odalira, osagwirizana, osatha kupanga zisankho payokha. Zinthu izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.
Kodi psyche imasintha bwanji mu shuga
Munthu yemwe amadzazindikira za matenda ake amadabwitsidwa. Matenda a shuga amasintha moyo wamasiku onse, ndipo zotulukapo zake zimakhudza osati maonekedwe, komanso mkhalidwe wamkati. Mavuto amakhudza ubongo, ndipo izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro.
Zokhudza matenda a shuga pa psyche:
- Kudyetsa pafupipafupi. Mwamunayo wadabwitsidwa ndi mbiri ya matendawa ndipo akufuna "kuti atenge zovuta." Mwa kuyamwa chakudya chochuluka, wodwalayo amavulaza kwambiri thupi, makamaka matenda a shuga a mtundu II.
- Ngati kusintha kumakhudza ubongo, nkhawa zosalekeza komanso mantha zimatha kuchitika. Mkhalidwe wopatsirana nthawi zambiri umatha mu kupsinjika kosatheka.
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi zilema zamaganizidwe amafunikira thandizo la dokotala yemwe angapangitse munthu kuti afunikire kuchitapo kanthu kuti agwirizane ndi vutoli. Titha kulankhula za kupita patsogolo kwamachiritso ngati vutolo likukhazikika.
Zizindikiro za Psychosomatic mu shuga
Zovuta zam'mimba zimapezeka pambuyo pakuyesa kwa magazi. Ngati ma Horona amakusintha, wodwalayo adzapatsidwa mwayi wothandizidwa ndi katswiri.
Asthenodepress syndrome
Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, matenda a astheno-depression state kapena matenda a kutopa kwambiri amakhala amkhalidwe, omwe odwala ali nawo:
- Kutopa nthawi zonse;
- Kutopa - kotenga mtima, luntha komanso thupi;
- Kuchepetsa ntchito;
- Kusakwiya ndi mantha. Munthu sakhutitsidwa ndi chilichonse, aliyense ndi iyeye;
- Kusokonezeka tulo, nthawi zambiri kugona kwanthawi.
Mu chikhalidwe chokhazikika, Zizindikiro zake zimakhala zofatsa ndikuchiritsika ndi kuvomereza ndi kuthandizira wodwalayo.
Vuto losakhazikika la astheno-depression limawonekera mwa kusintha kwakuya kwamaganizidwe. Vutoli silabwino, chifukwa chake, kuyang'anira wodwalayo ndikofunikira.
Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa vutoli, mankhwala amalembedwa ndipo zakudya zimasintha, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga a II.
Ma psychosomatics a matenda a shuga a 2 amatha kuwongoleredwa mothandizidwa ndi psychotherapist kapena psychologist woyenera. Pakukambirana ndi maphunziro apadera, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimatha kusokonezedwa.
Hypochondria syndrome
Vutoli limachitika pafupipafupi. Munthu, m'njira zambiri, moyenera, amadera nkhawa zaumoyo wake, koma nkhawa imakhala yodziwika bwino. Nthawi zambiri, hypochondriac amamvera thupi lake, amadzitsimikizira yekha kuti mtima wake ukugunda molakwika, ziwiya zopanda mphamvu, ndi zina.
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi zifukwa zenizeni zosakhazikika, mtundu wawo wotchedwa depression-hypochondriac. Osasokonezeka ndi malingaliro achisoni okhudza thanzi losalimba, wodwalayo amataya mtima, amalemba madandaulo ndi zofuna, mikangano kuntchito, amanyoza abale am'banja chifukwa chopanda mtima.
Mwa kukopana, munthu amayambitsa mavuto enieni, monga matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko.
Hypochondriac-diabetesic ayenera kuthandizidwa mokwanira - ndi endocrinologist ndi psychologist (psychiatrist). Ngati ndi kotheka, dokotala adzalembera antipsychotic ndi ma tranquilizer, ngakhale izi ndizosayenera.
