Matenda a shuga

Insulin ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba. Amayang'anira kayendedwe ka magazi. Pamene insulini ilowa m'thupi, makutidwe a okosijeni amayamba: glucose amawonongeka kukhala glycogen, mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Ngati vutoli loperewera limalowa m'magazi, nthenda yotchedwa matenda a shuga imapangidwa.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, wodwalayo amafunika kubwezeretsa kuperewera kwamahomoni kosalekeza ndi jakisoni. Pogwiritsa ntchito moyenera, insulin imangopindulitsa, koma ndikofunikira kusankha mosamala mlingo wake komanso pafupipafupi.

Chifukwa chiyani odwala matenda ashuga amafuna insulin?

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa kuti azitsatira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati pazifukwa zina zimakhala zochepa, matenda a shuga amapangidwa. Munjira yachiwiri yamatenda amenewa, sizingatheke kulipira kuchepa ndi mapiritsi okha kapena ndi zakudya zoyenera. Pankhaniyi, jakisoni wa insulin ndi mankhwala.

Amapangidwa kuti abwezeretse magwiridwe antchito a oyang'anira, omwe kapamba wowonongeka sangathenso kupereka. Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zoipa, chiwalochi chimayamba kuonda ndipo sichingathenso kubereka mahomoni okwanira. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga 2. Kupatuka kotereku kumatha kupsya mtima ndi:

• Maphunziro a shuga;
• Mkulu kwambiri a shuga - pamwamba pa 9 mmol / l;
• Kumwa mankhwala ozikidwa ndi sulfonylurea mokulira.

Zisonyezo za insulin

Kukanika kwa pancreatic ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe anthu amakakamizika kubaya ndi insulin. Chiwalo ichi cha endocrine ndichofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti kagayidwe kachakudya ka m'thupi kamakhala mthupi. Ngati yasiya kugwira ntchito kapena ikangokhala pang'ono, zolephera zina za thupi ndi machitidwe zimachitika.

Maselo a beta omwe amayenda ndi kapamba amapangidwa kuti apange insulin yachilengedwe. Mothandizidwa ndi ukalamba kapena matenda ena, amawonongeka ndikufa - sangatulutsenso insulin. Akatswiri amati kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga pambuyo pa zaka 7-10, pakufunikanso chithandizo chotere.

Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimapangira insulin ndi izi:

• Hyperglycemia, momwe shuga m'magazi amakwera pamwamba pa 9mmol / l;
• Pancreatic kutopa kapena matenda;
• Mimba mwa mkazi yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga;
• Kukakamizidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi sulfonylurea;
• Kuchulukitsa kwa matenda osakhudzana ndi kapamba.

Komanso timadzi tating'onoting'ono timathandizira kusuntha njira zotupa mthupi la chibadwa china chilichonse mopanda kupweteka. Jakisoni wa insulin amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi neuropathy, yomwe imayendera limodzi ndi kupweteka kwambiri, komanso atherosulinosis. Kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino, mankhwala a insulin amasonyezedwa kwa azimayi oyembekezera komanso oyembekezera.

Chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwawo, odwala ambiri amayesetsa kuti asayambe mankhwalawa nthawi yayitali. Amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndiye mfundo yoti tisabwerenso, zomwe zikuwonetsa matenda oopsa. Zowonadi, palibe chodandaula ndi jakisoni wotere. Insulin ndi chinthu chomwe chingathandize thupi lanu kugwira ntchito mokwanira, ndipo muyenera kuiwala za matenda anu osachiritsika. Ndi jakisoni wokhazikika, mutha kuyiwala za kuwonetsa kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Mitundu ya insulin

Opanga zamankhwala amakono akuyambitsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mankhwalawa kutengera insulin. Hormoneyi imangopangidwira kukonza mankhwalawa. Kamodzi m'magazi, imamanga glucose ndikuchotsa m'thupi.

Mpaka pano, insulini ndi yamtundu uwu:

• Ultrashort kanthu - amachita nthawi yomweyo;
• Zochita zazifupi - zimasiyana pang'ono pang'onopang'ono;
• Kutalika kwapakatikati - yambani kuchita zinthu pambuyo pa maola 1-2;
• Kutenga nthawi yayitali - mawonekedwe ofala kwambiri, omwe amathandizira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito kwa maola 6-8.

Insulin yoyamba idabadwa ndi anthu mu 1978. Apa ndipomwe asayansi aku Britain adakakamiza E. coli kupanga mahomoni awa. Kupanga zochuluka kwa ma ampoules ndi mankhwalawa kunayamba mu 1982 ndi United States. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 adakakamizidwa kubaya jakisoni wa nkhumba. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri ankayambitsa mavuto. Masiku ano, insulin yonse inachokera ku zopangidwa, motero mankhwalawa samayambitsa zotsatirapo zilizonse.

Kukhazikitsa Insulin Therapy

Musanapite kwa dokotala kuti apange mtundu wa mankhwala a insulin, muyenera kuchita kafukufuku wokhudza shuga.

Kuti muchite izi, tsiku lililonse kwa sabata muyenera kupereka magazi a shuga.

Mukalandira zotsatira za phunziroli, mutha kupita kwa katswiri. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zowona, musanatenge magazi kwa milungu ingapo, yambani kukhala moyo wabwinoko komanso wolondola.

Ngati, mutatha kudya, kapamba amafunikiranso insulin ina, sizingatheke kupewa mankhwala. Madokotala, kuti apange njira yoyenera ndi yothandizila ya insulin, ayankhe mafunso otsatirawa:

1. Ndikufuna jakisoni wa insulin usiku?
2. Ngati ndi kotheka, mlingo amawerengedwa, pambuyo pake mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku umasinthidwa.
3. Kodi ndifunika jakisoni wa insulin wa nthawi yayitali m'mawa?
   Kuti achite izi, wodwalayo amayikidwa m'chipatala ndipo amayesedwa. Samamupatsa chakudya cham'mawa komanso nkhomaliro, amaphunzira momwe thupi limachitikira. Pambuyo pake, kwa masiku angapo m'mawa, insulin yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali imabayidwa, ngati kuli koyenera, mlingo umasinthidwa.
4. Ndikufuna jakisoni wa insulin musanadye? Ngati ndi choncho, zisanachitike, zomwe sizofunika.
5. Mlingo woyambira wa insulin yochepa musanadye chakudya.
6. Kuyesera kumachitika kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe muyenera kubaya musanadye.
7. Wodwalayo amaphunzitsidwa kupatsa insulin okha.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti wothandizira wazachipatala woyenerera azitha nawo pantchito yopanga insulin.

Mlingo wofanana komanso nthawi yoyang'anira imawerengedwa aliyense payekha kwa wodwala aliyense. Ena mwa iwo amafunika jakisoni usiku kapena m'mawa, pomwe ena amafunikira chithandizo chokwanira.

Kupitilira mankhwala a insulin

Type 2 shuga mellitus ndi matenda opita patsogolo pomwe kulimba kwa ma cell a pancreatic beta amayamba kuchepa. Pamafunika kuperekera mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti thupi likhale bwinobwino. Ganizirani. Kuti mlingo wa yogwira ntchito uyenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi - nthawi zambiri umachulukana. Popita nthawi, mufika pa mapiritsi ambiri. Madokotala ambiri sakonda mtundu uwu wa mankhwalawa, chifukwa umabweretsa zovuta zambiri mthupi.

Mlingo wa insulin ukakhala wapamwamba kuposa mapiritsi, dokotala amakusinthirani jakisoni. Kumbukirani kuti uwu ndi mankhwala osachiritsika omwe mudzalandira kwa moyo wanu wonse. Mlingo wa mankhwalawa udzasinthanso, chifukwa thupi limazolowera kusintha.

Chosiyana chokha ndi pamene munthu amatsata zakudya zapadera.

Pankhaniyi, mlingo womwewo wa insulini ungamuthandize kwa zaka zingapo.

Mwachizolowezi, izi zimachitika mwa anthu omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda oopsa a shuga. Ayeneranso kukhala ndi zochitika zapantchito zachilengedwe, kukula kwa maselo a beta ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga atha kubwezeretsa kulemera kwake, amadya moyenera, amasewera masewera, amachita zonse zotheka kubwezeretsa thupi - amatha kuchita ndi insulin yaying'ono. Idyani zakudya zabwino ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulini.

Mlingo waukulu wa sulfonylurea

Kubwezeretsa ntchito za kapamba ndi zisumbu zokhala ndi maselo a beta, kukonzekera kwa sulfonylurea ndi mankhwala. Pulogalamu yotere imakwiyitsa endocrine chiwalochi kuti chipange insulini, chifukwa chomwe shuga m'magazi imasungidwa kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza kukhazikika bwino munthawi zonse mthupi. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala otsatirawa amaperekedwa chifukwa chaichi:

• Maninil;
• Diabetes;
• Glimepiride.

Mankhwalawa onse ali ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsa ku kapamba. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuyang'anira mlingo womwe adokotala adasankha, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito sulfonylurea yochulukirapo kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa kapamba. Ngati mankhwala a insulin amachitidwa popanda mankhwalawa, ntchito ya pancreatic imathandizira kwathunthu m'zaka zochepa chabe. Idzasungabe magwiridwe ake ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, choncho simuyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Mankhwala opangidwa kuti azisamalira thupi ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amathandizira kubwezeretsa kapamba, komanso kuziteteza ku zotsatira zoyipa za zinthu zakunja ndi zamkati.

Komanso, kuti mukwaniritse zabwino kwambiri, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zapadera. Ndi chithandizo chake, ndizotheka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kukwaniritsa bwino mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya m'thupi.

Achire zotsatira za insulin

Insulin ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 2. Popanda mahomoni awa, amayamba kuvutika kwambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa hyperglycemia komanso zotsatirapo zowopsa. Madokotala adazindikira kale kuti chithandizo chokwanira cha insulini chimathandizira wodwalayo kuti awonetsere zovuta za matenda ashuga, komanso kuwonjezera moyo wake. Mothandizidwa ndi timadzi timeneti, timatha kubweretsa kuchuluka koyenera kwa glucose hemoglobin ndi shuga: pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya.

Insulin ya odwala matenda ashuga ndi njira yokhayo yowathandizira kuti azimva bwino ndikuiwala za matenda awo. Mankhwala osankhidwa moyenera amatha kuletsa matendawa, komanso kupewa kuteteza kwambiri. Insulin mu Mlingo woyenera sangathe kuvulaza thupi, komabe, ndi bongo wambiri, hypoglycemia ndi hypoglycemic coma ndizotheka, zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Therapy ndi timadzi timeneti timayambitsa zotsatirazi zochizira:

1. Kuchepetsa shuga wamagazi mukatha kudya komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu, pochotsa hyperglycemia.
2. Kupanga kwamphamvu kwa mahomoni mu kapamba chifukwa cha chakudya.
3. Kutsika kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, kapena gluconeogeneis. Chifukwa cha izi, shuga amachotsedwa mwachangu kumadera omwe siopatsa mafuta.
4. Linachepa lipolysis pambuyo chakudya.
5. Mapuloteni achilengedwe amatsika m'thupi.

Mankhwala odziwika a insulini okwanira amakhudza momwe metabolic amapangira thupi: lipid, chakudya, mapuloteni. Komanso, insulin kudya imathandizira kuyambitsa kuponderezana ndi shuga, ma amino acid ndi lipids.

Chifukwa cha insulin, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa mafuta a metabolism. Izi zimathandizira kudzipatula kwachilengedwe kwa lipids zaulere m'thupi, komanso kupangitsa mapuloteni ofulumira mu minofu.