Matenda a shuga ndi matenda a endocrine dongosolo lomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi limaposa 6.0 mmol / L. Amayamba ndi maziko a kuchepa kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa ndi kapamba. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 2000 zino. Khalidwe losayenera, chibadwa chamtsogolo, kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo zamkati komanso zina zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa mawonekedwe ake.
Zovuta zazovuta
Mavuto owopsa ndi gulu lazotsatira zowopsa za matenda ashuga. Zimawopseza osati thanzi lokha, komanso moyo wa munthu. Mavuto oterewa amakula msanga, amatha kuvulaza thupi m'maola kapena masiku angapo.. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chosowa thandizo pa nthawi, amatsogolera kuimfa. Pali zovuta zingapo za matenda ashuga zomwe zimafuna njira yosiyana ndi mankhwalawa.
Ketoacidosis
Ketoacidosis ndi gawo lomwe thupi silingathe kutulutsa insulin yokwanira, koma kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi matupi a ketone kumakhala kukuchulukirachulukira. Matupi a Ketone ndi zina mwazinthu zakusokonekera kwa mafuta, zomwe zikalowa mkodzo zimawonetsedwa ndi fungo lamphamvu kwambiri la acetone. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa acidity mthupi, komanso kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi. Ketoacidosis imakula mwachangu, imatha kuyambitsa mavuto m'masiku ochepa chabe. Mutha kuzindikira izi mwa izi:
- Kuchepetsa thupi;
- Kusanza, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba;
- Udzu wokhazikika;
- Palpitations, tachycardia;
- Mutu ndi chizungulire;
- Kusintha kwa makutu, kusokonekera;
- Khungu lowuma;
- Kutopa, kugona mosalekeza;
- Kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa ndi kuchuluka kukodza.
Ndi kuchepa kwakanthawi kachipatala, ketoacidosis imatha kubweretsa zovuta zowopsa - ubongo edema. Amadziwika ndi kudziunjikira kwamadzi mkati mwa meninges. Izi zimakakamiza lobes yake, ndikuwonongeka kwambiri. Mu 70% ya milandu, izi zimachitika.
Kulephera kwaimpso
Kulephera kwaimpso pachimake ndi chotupa chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa madzi m'thupi. Chifukwa cha izi, impso sizigwirizana ndi ntchito zawo zachindunji ndikusiya kugwira ntchito. Chifukwa cha izi, zinthu zapoizoni zimasungidwa m'thupi, zomwe zimayipitsa mkati. Ndikothekanso kuzindikira kulephera kwakhungu kwa impso ndi zizindikiro za kuledzera kwakukulu:
- Chisokonezo;
- Kutupa kwa malekezero;
- Kusanza ndi kusanza;
- Mutu komanso kutopa.
Chithandizo cha kuperewera kwaimpso pachaka ndikumachepetsa zizindikiro za kuchepa mphamvu kwa thupi. Mpaka pomwe chiwopsezocho chitha, wodwalayo amakhala ndi dialysis - kuyeretsa magazi kuchokera ku poizoni. Mwazi wamagazi ukayamba kukhala wabwinobwino, impso zimayambanso kugwira ntchito.
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia ndi chozizwitsa chomwe kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatsikira pansi pa 2.8 mmol / L chizindikiro. Mkhalidwe uwu umawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa kwambiri zomwe zimasokoneza moyo wabwinobwino. Mkulu wa shuga akafika povuta kwambiri, munthu amayamba kuzindikira. Kuchedwa kulikonse kungayambitse kupunduka ndi kufa. Nthawi zambiri, hypoglycemia imapangitsa kuwonongeka kwamkati mwa ubongo. Mwa zovuta zazikuluzikulu za izi zitha kudziwika:
- Mapangidwe a matenda amaso: glaucoma, retinopathy, cataract;
- Kuwonongeka kwa impso;
- Peripheral or autonomic neuropathy;
- Zilonda za mtima;
- Zotumphukira mtima matenda;
- Stroko ndi mtima.
Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za vutoli zimatha kutchedwa hypoglycemic coma. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha shuga ochepa, munthu amataya chikumbumtima, chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi khunyu. Nthawi zambiri anthu amaphwanya mafupa kapena kuwononga minofu. Cerebral edema imatha kuchitika, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera ku imfa ya wodwala.
Hyperosmolar chikomokere
Hyperosmolar coma ndi vuto lomwe limachitika ndi njira yokhazikika ya matenda a shuga, omwe amalipiridwa ndi mankhwala komanso zakudya zopangidwa mwapadera. Amatha kutchedwa kuti complication ya ketoacidotic chikomokere. Chifukwa cha kukomoka kwa hyperosmolar, anthu amafa 60%, nthawi zina onse amakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu. Izi zimadziwika ndi kulumpha kwamphamvu kwambiri m'magulu a shuga, chifukwa chomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumafikira 55 mmol / lita. Nthawi yomweyo, chiwopsezocho ndichoposa 300 mosmol / l, ndipo ketoacidosis kulibe.
Kuneneratu zenizeni za matendawo kumatengera mawonekedwe a matendawa. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala panthawi yake kungathandize kuchepetsa zovuta. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha kukomoka kwa hyperosmolar, anthu amawonongeka kwambiri muubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azimva, aziona, Alzheimer's ndi matenda ena ambiri amanjenje.
Lactic acidosis chikomokere
Lectoid coma ndi chochitika chomwe chimachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, amatsatana ndi hypoxemia yayikulu. Nthawi zonse amakhala ndi matenda oopsa a kupuma, kayendedwe ka mtima, kugwedezeka kapena kuwonongeka. Potengera maziko a kusowa kwa mpweya m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa glycogen kumawonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha lactic acid chiwonjezeke. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuphwanya kwa impso. Ndi osowa kwambiri, anthu omwe amafa ndi 80%.
Zotsatira zake
Maonekedwe oyamba obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amapezeka patadutsa zaka zingapo atazindikira koyambirira. Choopsa chawo chachikulu chimakhala pang'onopang'ono, koma kuwonongeka kosalekeza kwa thanzi la wodwalayo. Ngakhale chithandizo chosankhidwa bwino komanso chokwanira sichikhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Madokotala amati matenda otsatirawa ndi zotsatira zoyipa.
Retinopathy
Retinopathy - zotupa za m'maso zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwina kwa magazi. Chifukwa cha izi, munthu amakula ndi dystrophy komanso atrophy ya optic nerve, ma retina amachoka, ndipo nthawi zambiri khungu limachitika. Choopsa chachikulu cha izi ndi asymptomatic.
Osowa kwambiri, odwala amawona kuchepa kwakuthwa kwa zowoneka bwino, mawonekedwe a malo oyandama m'maso. Kuzindikira vutoli kumafuna kuyesedwa koyenera kwa akatswiri angapo nthawi imodzi, komanso kudutsa unyinji wa ma labotor ndi njira zowunikira.
Kuti tisiye zoyipa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale retinopathy, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zowalipirira matenda ophatikizika. Nthawi zambiri, ma anticoagulants, mavitamini ma protein, ma vasodilators amalembedwa chifukwa chaichi. Ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, laser retinal coagulation kapena hyperbaric oxygenation imachitika. Komabe, pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala omwe angaletse konse kukula kwa matendawa.
Matenda a shuga
Angiopathy ndi matenda omwe amapezeka kumbuyo kwa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi. Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli zimatha kukhala kuphwanya malamulo a mitsempha.
Zina mwazotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zoterezi zimatchedwa khungu.
Angiopathy imatha kupezeka mwa akulu ndi ana. Makina opangira matenda oterewa ndi osavuta: kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawononga makhoma a ziwiya, zomwe zimaphwanya mayendedwe a capillaries. Chifukwa cha izi, pali zotchinga zamitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimasokoneza kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.
Kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda a shuga a shuga kumadalira mtundu wamatenda, ndi kuopsa kwa zovuta - kutalika kwa matendawa ndi kulondola kwa mankhwalawa. Vutoli limatha kuchitika kulikonse. Imatha kuzindikirika ndi magazi kuchokera m'matumbo am'mimba, kusintha kwa khungu, kusokonezeka kwa chidwi, kuwonjezeka kwamawonekedwe owoneka ndi zina zambiri.
Polyneuropathy
Polyneuropathy ndimatenda omwe zotumphukira za mitsempha imawonongeka. Zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko akuwonongeka kwa zigawo za distal, zomwe zimayang'anira kuyendetsa kwa ma pulows. Popita nthawi, matendawa amapita patsogolo, amayamba kufalikira kumadera oyandikira. Itha kuzindikirika ndi ziwalo za machitidwe amodzi payekha. Zizindikiro za polyneuropathy ndi izi:
- Kusintha kwa machitidwe;
- Kuwonongeka kwamaso kapena khungu.
- Maonekedwe a lamumo;
- Kumva kokhazikika kwa kuyabwa ndi kuwotcha miyendo;
- Kuika chidwi ndi kukumbukira;
- Kuthira kwa magazi kummero;
- Kusokonezeka m'malo.
Matenda a shuga
Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga - chodabwitsa chomwe zilonda zake zimapangika pamapeto ake. Amatuluka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi mothandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zonsezi zimapanikizika ndi chisamaliro chosayenera, kuvala nsapato zosamasuka komanso katundu wambiri.
Popeza kulibe chithandizo kwa nthawi yayitali, matendawa angafunike kumadula manja kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ovuta:
- Zilonda zam'mimba - zowonongeka kwa minofu yofewa, yomwe imadziwika ndi mabala olira ndi kupweteka kwambiri;
- Necrosis - kufa kwa ziwalo zam'manja, zomwe zimasokoneza kayendedwe ka magazi mthupi lonse;
- Osteomyelitis - kufa kwa mafupa minofu ndi kukula kwa purosesa. Zimachitika motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha kufalikira kwa matenda;
- Kusintha kwa phazi - kusintha kwa zomwe zala zakukhudzidwa, khwalala la phazi kapena minyewa;
- Sepsis - kulowa kwa matenda kapena minofu yakufa m'magazi.
Mavuto aakulu
Mavuto osokoneza bongo omwe amayambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga amatha kuyesedwa pambuyo pa zaka 10 mpaka 10 za chitukuko.
Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhudza thupi nthawi zonse, ndikuyambitsa kusokonezeka kwakukulu. Chifukwa chakuti magazi amayenderera thupi lonse, zotsatira zake zimapezeka pafupifupi ziwalo zonse.
Komabe, machitidwe ena amavutika kwambiri kuposa ena.
Zotengera
Nthawi zambiri, mwa odwala matenda a shuga, kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'mitsempha kumawonedwa. Popita nthawi, chiwopsezo cha kupezeka kwawo chikuchulukirachulukira. Kuthamanga kwa magazi, komwe kumapangidwanso mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, kumakulitsa maphunzirowa. Komanso, kusowa kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusuta, kumwa mowa, komanso kusasamala zakudya zapaderadera kumathandizira njira zowonongeka.
Impso
Impso zimawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumayambitsa kulephera kwa impso, komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakufunika dialysis - kuyeretsa magazi a poizoni. Kuika ziwalo zamtunduwu kungafunenso. Pakakhala vuto losakhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, kumwalira posachedwa. Munthu azunzika kwambiri.
Khungu
Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhudzanso khungu. Zosintha zomwe zimayambitsa zimakhudza madera ambiri. Popita nthawi, thupi la munthu limayamba kuwundana, kutanuka kwake kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, kumayamba kudandaula zauma komanso kukhazikika kwa khungu. Komanso, tsitsi lake limayamba kugawanika, kutayika komanso kutuluka. Ming'alu ndi colostrum zimatha kuwonekera pazanja ndi ma soles, ndipo mawanga achikaso nthawi zambiri amawonekera.
Njira za patathogenic zimakhudzanso misomali ya msomali - imakhudzika ndikukula, hyperkeratosis imatha kuchitika.
Kuzindikira kwamkaka pakhungu kumatha kuphatikizidwanso ndi mankhwala omwe amamwa ndi anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matupi awo sagwirizana. Gawo lodziwika la zotupa zotere limatha kudziwika kuti maphunziro olemetsa, komanso kusalandira chithandizo chamankhwala. Komanso, maphunzirowa atha kupanikizika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa matenda okhalitsa. Ndi matenda a shuga, zovuta zotsatirazi ndi khungu zimawonedwa:
- Dermatoses - imatha kuchitika mukamamwa mankhwala othana ndi matenda a shuga.
- Lipid necrobiosis - nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa akazi azaka 15-50. Amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe amiyendo yosalala komanso yosalala pamwamba pa miyendo. Ngati sanalandiridwe, amakula ndi kupanga zigawo zosiyana. Amathanso kusenda komanso kuyimba, ndipo maonekedwe a zilonda zam'mimba zimayambitsa kusapeza bwino.
- Dermatopathy ya matenda ashuga ndi mkhalidwe womwe mapapu ofiira ofanana amawoneka pamwamba pamiyendo, omwe pamapeto pake imayamba kukhala mawanga a atrophic.
- Kukakamira dermatosis - kumayambitsa kuyabwa kwambiri m'makhola, m'mimba kapena pakati pa matako, pamiyendo, kumbuyo ndi mikono. Kuchiza kumakhala ndi kuchepetsa matenda a shuga, kumwa ma antihistamines kapena antipruritic mankhwala sikubweretsa vuto lililonse.
- Kuchotsedwa kwa khungu ndi chinthu chosowa kwambiri chomwe chimakhala chofala ka 10 kwa odwala matenda ashuga kuposa ena. Amadziwika ndi kupukutidwa kwa utoto wa madera ena khungu.
- Matuza a matenda ashuga ndi matenda omwe matuza ambiri okhala ndi timadzimadzi totupa amapezeka pakhungu lonse. Nthawi zambiri amadutsa pawokha patatha milungu iwiri itatha atawonekera.
- Kulimbitsa khungu - kumachitika mwa anthu omwe akhala akuvutika ndi matenda ashuga. Zimayambitsa kusokonekera ndi kusokonekera. Vutoli limapezeka kwambiri mwa okalamba, popeza kagayidwe kake kamachepa. Sichifuna chithandizo chamankhwala chokhacho, chifukwa sichitha kupereka tanthauzo lalikulu.
- Matenda opatsirana komanso otupa ndi vuto losakhala la shuga. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachepetsa mphamvu ya chitetezo chamthupi, chifukwa cha momwe kupezeka kwamthupi kumachulukira.Nthawi zambiri munthu amadwala kwambiri bowa, zomwe zimavuta kuchiza. Njira zina zama bakiteriya zomwe zimatha kuwononga ziwalo zamkati zimathanso kuchitika. Vuto lotere limachulukitsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga.
Machitidwe amanjenje
Mphamvu yamanjenje imadwala kwambiri matenda a shuga. Zilonda zake zitha kugawidwa mwapadera komanso zopanda tanthauzo. Mtundu wachiwiri umaphatikizapo kusintha kwa kusinthasintha kwa machitidwe, mantha okwanira, kupweteka kwa mutu ndi chizungulire, kusowa tulo, kumverera kosalekeza ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zotulukazi zimapangidwa mwa achinyamata omwe amatha kupanikizika komanso kusintha kwa malingaliro. Nthawi zambiri amapanga kudzikweza kwawo.
Zotsatira zenizeni za matenda ashuga zimaphatikizapo matenda a shuga. Matenda otere amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya minyewa, yomwe imawonetsetsa kuti kufalikira kwa mitsempha kumachitika. Chifukwa cha izi, munthu sangathe kudziwa bwino zinthu zakunja, chidwi chake chimachepetsedwa. Izi zimatha kuwononga kwambiri machitidwe ena mthupi, momwe munthu amasiya kumva kupweteka kulikonse. Pamlingo wapamwamba, chithunzicho chimasintha kwambiri, ndipo odwala matenda ashuga amayambanso kusasangalala.