Mankhwala a antihypertensive amtundu wa 2 shuga amawerengedwa payekhapayekha, chifukwa cha momwe impso yake imathandizira, zimapangitsa kagayidwe kake ka mafuta acid ndi chakudya. Matenda oopsa a arterial amaperekera 80% ya iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemia. Matenda amawonjezera kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati, kusokoneza njira zachilengedwe za kagayidwe.
Mawonekedwe
Chithandizo cha mapiritsi opanikizika kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndiovuta chifukwa cha zovuta zosafunikira, kuwonetsera komwe kumayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kukanika kwa metabolism.
Kusankha kwa mankhwalawa kwa matenda oopsa ndi hyperglycemia kumayikidwa pa mikhalidwe:
- Kuchita bwino kwambiri, mavuto osachepera;
- Cardio ndi nephroprotective zotsatira (chitetezo cha mtima ndi impso);
- Zosagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa lipids ndi shuga m'magazi.
Mankhwala ochita mwachangu
Ngati mumakonda kudumpha mwadzidzidzi mu kuthamanga kwa magazi, aliyense payekha mankhwala oyenera a matenda oopsa a shuga ayenera kukhala ali pafupi.
Ngati chithandizo chadzidzidzi chikufunika, gwiritsani ntchito njira yomwe thupi lake limapitilira maola opitilira 6. Zinthu zogwira ntchito zomwe ndi gawo limodzi lamazina wamba ogulitsa azachipatala:
- Captopril;
- Nifedipine;
- Clonidine;
- Anaprilin;
- Andipal.
Mankhwala othandizira pakachitidwe
Kuwerengedwa pafupipafupi pamtunda wa 130/80 mm Hg. Art. chifukwa odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi zovuta za microvascular, kukula kwa atherosulinosis, kupitilira kwa matenda a shuga angiopathies. Pankhaniyi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zonse kumalimbikitsidwa, mukamatsata zakudya zamchere komanso zopatsa mphamvu. Zotsatira zamankhwala omwe amadza chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala osalala. Dontho la kuthamanga kwa magazi kutsatiridwa ndi kudumpha kumawonongetsa ngakhale dongosolo lamtima wamunthu wathanzi.
ACE zoletsa
Pakukhazikika pang'onopang'ono kwa mawonekedwe a matenda oopsa, ma blocker a angiotensin (ACE) amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amathandizira kapangidwe ka angiotensin. Pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa angiotensin, tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono timatulutsa timadzi tambiri tambiri tokhala ndi asidi. Vasodilation imachitika, madzi ochulukirapo ndi mchere amachotsedwa, zotsatira za hypotonic zimawonekera.
Zinthu zogwira zomwe zimatchinga ACE:
- Enalapril;
- Perindopril;
- Quinapril;
- Fosinopril;
- Trandolapril;
- Ramipril.
Zoyipa za zoletsa ndizotheka kuchepetsera kuchotsedwa kwa potaziyamu ndikuchedwa kutha. Zotsatira zakugwiritsidwapo ntchito sizikuwunenedweratu pasanathe milungu iwiri atasankhidwa.
Angiotensin Receptor blockers (ARBs)
Amaletsa kaphatikizidwe ka renin, kamene kamapangitsa kusintha kwa angiotensin, komwe kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Ma ARB amadziwika ngati tsankho la ACE inhibitors likhazikitsidwa. Makina awo amomwe amapangira zamankhwala amodzi ndizosiyana, koma cholinga ndi chimodzimodzi - kuchepetsa zotsatira za angiotensin ndi aldosterone.
Gululi limatchedwa sartani kumapeto kwa mayina a zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito:
- Losartan;
- Valsartan;
- Irbesartan
- Makandulo.
Zodzikongoletsera
Ma diuretics amakhala ndi hypotonic yofatsa, imayikidwa limodzi ndi mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ena oopsa a shuga.
- Ma loop diuretics (furosemide, lax) amaphatikiza bwino ndi zoletsa za ACE, sizimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga, lipids, ndipo ndi oyenera kuti pakanthawi kochepa ayendetse kufafaniza kutupira kwambiri kwa minofu. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosalamulirika kumayambitsa kuthamangitsidwa kwa potaziyamu, komwe kungapangitse kuwonjezeka kwa hypokalemia ndi mtima arrhythmia.
- Chifukwa cha kufatsa kwambiri kwa diuretic, thiazide-diuretics (indapamide) sikukhumudwitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose, mafuta ache, kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu, ndipo sikukhudza magwiridwe antchito a impso.
- Thiazide diuretics (hypothiazide) Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku woposa 50 mg amatha kuwonjezera shuga ndi cholesterol. Mankhwala amawayang'anira mosamala mulingo wocheperako chifukwa chakuchepa kwa impso ndi gout.
- Zinthu zoteteza potaziyamu (veroshpiron) sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri, limodzi ndi vuto laimpso.
Beta blockers
Mankhwala angapo omwe amalepheretsa chidwi cha adrenoreceptors ndi adrenaline ndi norepinephrine ndi omwe amapatsidwa mankhwala othandizira ischemia, mtima, kulephera kwa mtima. Ndi hyperglycemia, mapiritsi a matenda oopsa amasankhidwa ndi njira yowonjezera ya vasodilating:
- Labetalol;
- Carvedilol;
- Nebivolol.
Otsutsa a calcium
Calcium calcium blockers - gulu la mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa calcium ion. Pumulani ndikukula makoma amitsempha yamagazi, mitsempha, maselo osalala. Magulu omwe agawidwa m'magulu:
- Verapamil, diltiazem. Kukhudza ntchito ya myocardium ndi maselo amtima, chepetsani kugunda kwa mtima. Kugwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi beta-blockers kumatsutsana.
- Amachokera ku dihydropyridine - nifedipine, verapamil, nimodipine, amlodipine. Amatsitsimula makoma a minofu yosalala, kumawonjezera kugunda kwa mtima.
Ma calcium antagonists samasokoneza chakudya chamafuta, lipid metabolism. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala othinikizira, matenda a shuga a 2 ndiabwino, koma ali ndi zotsutsana zingapo. Nifedipine imatsutsana mu angina pectoris, kulephera kwa mtima ndi impso, koyenera kupumula kumodzi. Amlodipine imatha kutupa. Verapamil imakhudzidwa ndi impso, koma imatha kuyambitsa bronchodilators.
Zochita payekha
Mankhwala a antihypertensive amaphatikizidwa wina ndi mnzake, osankhidwa poganizira matenda ophatikizana, mankhwala omwe amatengedwa. Hypertension, limodzi ndi matenda ashuga a intracellular kagayidwe, amachititsa zosiyanasiyana zoyipa zimachitika.
Musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kuphunzira mndandanda wazotsatira zoyipa, njira zowathetsera.
Mukamatenga, mphamvu zamagazi zimawonedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, mulingo wa glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose wosala komanso mukatha kudya amayang'aniridwa. Kupatuka kosayenera kuchokera pamlingo wovomerezeka kumafuna kuti pakhale mankhwala.
