Mndandanda wa mikate ya buledi ya 1 ndi yachiwiri yodwala matenda ashuga

Chofunikira kwambiri pakuchiritsa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi zakudya. Malamulo ake akuluakulu a shuga ndi chakudya chamagulu onse, kupatula zakudya zamafuta kwambiri m'zakudya, komanso kutsimikiza kwa zakudya zopatsa mphamvu. Kuthetsa mavutowa, endocrinologists adapanga mawu akuti mkate ndi kukonza magome a magawo a mkate.

Akatswiri azakudya zamankhwala amalimbikitsa kuti azipanga mndandanda wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa gulu ili la odwala 55%%% yama protein omwe amapezeka pang'onopang'ono, 15% -20% mapuloteni, 20% -25% yamafuta. Makamaka posankha kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, magawo a mkate (XE) anapangidwa.

Ku Russia, ndizovomerezeka kuti gawo limodzi limafanana ndi magalamu 10-12 a chakudya, mu USA -15 magalamu. Kudya kwa XE kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi 2.2 mmol / l, kuti athetse pamafunika 1-2 PIECES ya insulin.

Matenda a shuga amishuga amawonetsa chakudya chamagulu osiyanasiyana. Kupanga mawuwa, akatswiri azakudya amatenga mkate wa rye ngati maziko: chidutswa chake cholemera magalamu makumi awiri ndi asanu chimawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo limodzi la mkate.

Kodi magome a mkate ndi otani?

Cholinga chothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndikutsata kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kwa insulin posankha ma Mlingo ndi moyo wake kotero kuti mulingo wa glycemia wayandikira kwambiri.

Mankhwala amakono amapereka mitundu yotsatirayi yochizira insulin:

• Zachikhalidwe;
• Multiple jekiseni regimen;
• Zambiri

Mukamawerenga kuchuluka kwa insulini, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa XE kutengera zakudya zomwe zimawerengedwa (zipatso, mkaka ndi zinthu monga chimanga, maswiti, mbatata). Masamba amakhala ndi zovuta kugaya chakudya chamafuta ndipo samachita mbali yayikulu pakuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Makulidwe othandizira kwambiri a insulin amathandizira kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali (patsiku) inshuwaransi (Lantus) kamodzi patsiku, pomwe amawerengetsa jekeseni wa owonjezera (mabasi) omwe amaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo musanadye zakudya zazikulu kapena mphindi makumi atatu. Pachifukwa ichi, ma insulin omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mwachidule amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuwerengeredwa kwa Bolus

Pa gawo lililonse la mkate lomwe lili mumndandanda womwe wakonzedwa, muyenera kulowa (mukuganizira nthawi ya tsiku komanso kuchuluka kwa glycemia) 1U ya insulin.

Kufunika kwa nthawi ya tsiku pa 1XE:

1. Mmawa - 1.5-2 IU wa insulin;
2. nkhomaliro - 1-1,5 magawo;
3. chakudya chamadzulo - mayunitsi 0,8-1.

M'pofunika kuganizira kuchuluka koyamba kwa shuga, momwe mungakhalire - kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Gawo limodzi la zochita za insulin amatha kugwiritsa ntchito shuga wa 2 mmol / L.

Ngati wodwalayo akonzekera kudya, adya chakudya pa 3 XE, ndipo glycemic level 30 mphindi asanadye chakudya chofanana ndi 7 mmol / L - amafunika 1 U insulin kuti achepetse glycemia ndi 2 mmol / L. Ndipo 3ED - kwa chimbudzi cha magulu atatu a chakudya. Ayenera kulowa zigawo zinayi za insulin (Humalog) yonse.

Zakudya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 omwe aphunzira kuwerengera muyeso wa insulin malinga ndi XE, pogwiritsa ntchito gome la magawo a mkate, akhoza kukhala aulere.

Momwe mungawerengere magawo a buledi a shuga

Ndi kuchuluka kwazomwe mukugulitsa ndi chakudya chama gramu 100, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mkate.

Mwachitsanzo: phukusi la kanyumba tchizi lolemera 200 gramu, magalamu 100 ali ndi magalamu 24 a chakudya.

100 magalamu a tchizi tchizi - 24 magalamu a chakudya

200 magalamu a tchizi tchizi - X

X = 200 x 24/100

X = 48 magalamu a chakudya amapezeka mu paketi ya tchizi tchizi yolemera 200 g. Ngati mu 1XE 12 magalamu a chakudya, ndiye mu paketi yanyumba tchizi - 48/12 = 4 XE.

Chifukwa cha magawo a mkate, mutha kugawa chakudya choyenera patsiku, izi zimakupatsani mwayi:

• Idyani zamitundu mitundu;
• Osangokhala ndi chakudya chochepa posankha chakudya chambiri;
• Sungani gawo lanu la glycemia.

Pa intaneti mungapeze owerengetsa azakudya za shuga, omwe amawerengera zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma phunziroli limatenga nthawi yayitali, ndizosavuta kuyang'ana pamagawo a magawo a buledi a ashuga ndikusankha menyu wolinganiza. Kuchuluka kwa XE yofunikira kumadalira kulemera kwa thupi, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, zaka komanso jenda.

Kufunika kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa XE kwa odwala omwe ali ndi thupi labwino

Odwala onenepa amafunikira zakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu, zomwe munthu amakulitsa kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Zakudya za calorie za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala 1200 kcal;

Ndi onenepa kwambiri

Amakhulupilira kuti pakati pazinthu zofunika tsiku lililonse zimatha kukhala 20-24XE. Ndikofunikira kugawa bukuli kwa chakudya 5-6. Maphwando akulu akuyenera kukhala 4-5 XE, tiyi wamadzulo ndi nkhomaliro - 1-2XE. Pa nthawi, osalimbikitsa kuti muzidya zakudya zopitilira 6-7XE.

Ndi kuchepa kwa thupi, timalimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa XE mpaka 30 patsiku. Ana azaka zisanu ndi zinayi akufunika 12-14XE patsiku, wazaka 7-16 akulimbikitsidwa 15-16, kuyambira wazaka 11 mpaka 14 - magawo khumi a mkate (a anyamata) ndi 16-17 XE (a atsikana). Anyamata a zaka zapakati pa 15 mpaka 18 amafunikira magawo 26 a mkate patsiku, atsikana awiri ochepera.

Zofunikira pakudya:

• Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi ulusi wazakudya: mkate wa rye, mapira, oatmeal, masamba, buckwheat.
• Kukhazikika kwa nthawi komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya tsiku ndi tsiku kumakwanira mlingo wa insulin.
• Kusintha chakudya chopatsa mphamvu mosavuta ndi zakudya zofanana zomwe zasankhidwa m'matebulo a shuga a shuga.
• Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta a nyama chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta azamasamba.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amafunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito magome a chakudya popewa kudya kwambiri. Ngati zikuwoneka kuti zinthu zomwe zili ndi ma carbohydrate ovuta zimakhala ndizovomerezeka m'zakudya, ndiye kuti kumwa kwawo kuyenera kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Mutha kuchita izi kwa masiku 7-10 pa 2XE patsiku, kubweretsa zomwe zikufunika.

Matebulo azinthu zamagulu a shuga amtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri

Maofesi a Endocrinological amawerengetsa magome a magawo a buledi mu zinthu zotchuka motengera zomwe zili ndi magalamu 12 a chakudya mu 1 XE. Ena mwa iwo amabweretsa kwa inu.

Madzi

Madzi amatha kudyedwa mu mitundu yovuta ya shuga ya mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, pamene mseru wa glycemia ukhazikika, palibe kusinthasintha kowongoka mbali imodzi kapena kwinanso.

Zipatso

Mu shuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kudya masamba ambiri, amakhala ndi fiber yambiri, komanso zopatsa mphamvu zochepa.

Zamasamba

Zinthu zopangidwa mkaka ziyenera kudyedwa tsiku lililonse, makamaka masana. Pankhaniyi, osati magawo a buledi okha, komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amayenera kukumbukiridwa. Odwala odwala matenda ashuga amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigulitsa mkaka wokhala ndi mafuta ochepa.

Zinthu zamkaka

Zinthu zophika buledi

Pasitala ndi mbewu monga chimanga

Mu shuga mellitus, tikulimbikitsidwa m'malo mwa nyama zamafuta ndi mafuta azamasamba.. Izi zitha kudyedwa ngati mafuta a masamba - azitona, chimanga, zopendekera, dzungu. Mafuta amafunidwa kuchokera ku mtedza, nthanga za maungu, fulakesi, ndi chimanga.

Mtedza

Kuti zitheke kukonza zakudyedwe koyenera, odwala matenda am'madzi amapanga matebulo okonzera mkate omwe amapezeka m'mbale zosiyanasiyana:

Anthu omwe apezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ayenera kuphunzira momwe angawongolere shuga, kupanga menyu, kulimbitsa thupi. Mu zakudya za odwala ayenera kukhala zakudya zazitali mu fiber, chinangwa.

Pali malingaliro omwe angathandize odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 kuti akhazikitse misempha yawo:

1. Gwiritsani ntchito zotsekemera zachilengedwe zokha;
2. Phatikizani zakudya zamasamba ndizakudya zokhazikika;
3. Idyani mbewu zonse, mkate wa chinangwa ndi ufa wa Wholemeal;
4. Kutsekemera kuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi fiber ndi mapuloteni, kuchotsa mafuta;
5. Masamba ophika kuti adye mopanda malire;
6. M'malo mwa timadziti, gwiritsani ntchito zipatso;
7. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kutafuna chakudya;
8. Chepetsani kumwa kwamankhwala opatsa mphamvu kwambiri, maswiti, zakumwa zoledzeretsa.