Thanzi la munthu aliyense limasamalidwa mothandizidwa ndi insulin, yomwe ndi mahomoni. Mapaipi, kapena m'malo mwake, maselo ake a beta, akuchita ntchito yopanga. Insulin imapangidwa kuti isungitse kuchuluka kwa glucose mthupi la munthu, komanso imagwira nawo kagayidwe kazakudya. Insulin immunoreactive (IRI) yokha yotsitsa shuga.
Zambiri
Ngati munthu adakumana ndi lingaliro la insulin yogwira ntchito kale, mwatsatanetsatane za chomwe ali adzauzidwa ndi adokotala pakulangizidwa.
Ngati mungalowe mu nkhaniyi, mutha kuphunzira za chinsinsi cha kapamba. Ili yosakanikirana ndipo imakhala ndi zisumbu zingapo za Langerhans, zomwe, zimatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ya maselo osavomerezeka. Ndi omwe amapanga mahomoni amunthu. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi insulin, ndipo yachiwiri ndi glucagon.
Choyamba chinali kufufuzidwa bwino. Asayansi adakwanitsa kuzindikira mawonekedwe ake. Zinapezeka kuti insulini imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi mapuloteni a receptor. Zotsalazo zimakhala kunja kwa membrane wa plasma. Kutsata kotereku kumapangitsa kukhazikitsa kulumikizana ndi magawo ena a membrane, chifukwa chomwe mapangidwe awa a mapuloteniwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa zimimba zimasinthanso.
Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kusamutsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'maselo a wodwala.
Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mapuloteni awa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikukula kwa matenda monga matenda a shuga. Izi ndichifukwa cha zochitika ndi kusintha komwe kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa katemera wa insulin. Chifukwa chake, ndi mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga, kuchepa kwa chinsinsi kumapezeka, ndipo matenda amtundu 2, insulini itha kuchepetsedwa kapena kuchulukitsidwa, kapena ngakhale yabwinobwino, kutengera mtundu wa munthu ndi gawo la matendawa.
Kuti adziwe zoyenera, madokotala amapereka mayeso a IRI kwa odwala. Ndondomeko zoterezi zimawerengedwa ngati zodziwika bwino - 6-24 mIU / l.
Katundu woyambira
Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe palibe cell m'thupi lomwe lingakhale moyo mokwanira, chifukwa sichikhala chopatsidwa shuga. Ndi wochepetsedwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera, ndipo maselo samadyetsedwa ndi zinthu zofunika. Izi zimabweretsa matenda a shuga. Koma kusiyanasiyana kungakhale kosiyana.
Mwa odwala ena, thupi limapanga kuchuluka kwa insulin, koma sikuthandiza. Mwa ena, njira yopanga mahomoni kulibe.
Insulin imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusamalira moyo, chifukwa chake imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:
- Kupititsa patsogolo kwazomwe zimakhala ndi ma cell zimagwira ma amino acid komanso glucose;
- Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa glycogen m'maselo a chiwindi, omwe thupi lingagwiritsenso ntchito posintha kukhala glucose;
- Kusamutsa kwa glucose kumaselo onse kuti atukule metabolism ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zake;
- Kuwongolera mayamwidwe amthupi ndi mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Koma sikuti zonse ndizophweka, chifukwa mahomoni amatha kuwonjezereka osati mu shuga mellitus, komanso pazochitika zina zingapo (insulinoma, kunenepa kwambiri, Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly, etc.). Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri mukamayesedwa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabodza kapena kuwonetsa amodzi mwa matenda omwe ali pamwambapa.
Kuti mupeze matenda olondola, kuwunika koyerekeza kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi insulin kuyenera kuchitika. Kuyeza kwawo kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi 0,25.
Zisonyezero zoyeserera
Kuunikiridwa kuyenera kuchitika nthawi zotere:
- Kuphunzira kwathunthu kwa odwala omwe adapezeka ndi metabolic syndrome;
- Ngati mukukayikira insulin;
- Kuwunika kokwanira kwa odwala omwe apezeka ndi polycystic ovary syndrome;
- Mukamazindikira machitidwe a hypoglycemic.
Milandu payokha madokotala akufunsa funso lazomwe zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito insulin odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
Nthawi zambiri odwala amadandaula akatumizidwa kuti akafufuze. Amachita chidwi ndi: kodi insulin yogwira insulin ndi insulin ndi chinthu chomwecho? Inde, awa ndi mayina osiyanasiyana pa lingaliro limodzi.
Kukonzekera zoperekera
Dokotala wopezekapo amafotokoza mosamala za tsambali, popeza phunzirolo limachitika malinga ndi dongosolo lapadera. Zofunikira pakukonzekera:
- Osamadya maola asanu ndi atatu musanachitike njirayi;
- Osamamwa zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi, komanso ma compotes ndi ma juices ndi zoletsedwa;
- Simungamwe kapu imodzi yokha ya madzi owiritsa (owonjezera);
- Pewani mankhwala musanayambe.
Sizothandiza kwenikweni kuwunikira odwala omwe adachitapo kale chithandizo cha insulini, chifukwa izi zimasokoneza zotsatira. Dokotala achenjeza kuti kuyezetsa kudzachitika ndi kubaya insulin m'magazi ndikutenga magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha ya cubital (kangapo). Nthawi ili pafupi maora 2. Katswiriyu ayenera kupeza zotsatira zingapo nthawi imodzi.
Payokha, muyenera kudziwa za zomwe phunziroli likuchita. Chifukwa chake, insulin yogwira ntchito imasinthidwa mu vitro. Awa ndiukadaulo wapadera kwambiri wopangira kuyeserera mwachindunji mu chubu choyeserera palokha, osati m'malo a chamoyo. Pali mayeso osiyana ndi a invivo - kuyesa kwa chamoyo.
Poyamba, mtundu wopanda maselo kapena chikhalidwe chosankhidwa cha maselo amoyo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma cholepheretsa kafukufukuyu sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zotsatira zenizeni, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala zosayenera pazotsatira. Awa ndi gawo lokonzekera kuti azindikire zomwe angathe kuchita ndi zomwe zimachitika m'thupi kuti ziikidwenso pa mayeso a vivo.
Zotsatira zakufufuza
Ngati zotsatira zake zili m'malo osiyanasiyana a 6-24 mIU / L, insulin ya wodwalayo ndiyachilendo. Ndi muyeso woyerekeza ndi glucose, chisonyezo sichiyenera kupitirira 0,25. Koma sikuti nthawi zonse kupatuka pa izi kumatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga. Odwala ena atha kukayezetsa mosayenera, ndiye kuti zizindikirazo zidzakhala zosiyana kwathunthu.
Komabe, ngakhale ndi zizindikiro wamba, zomwe zili pamalire enieni ovomerezeka, madokotala amatha kuzindikira mochititsa manyazi. Pankhaniyi, munthu amakhala ndi matenda a kapamba kapena matenda ashuga. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wotsika umaonetsa mtundu wa matenda 1, komanso kuchuluka ochulukirapo - pafupifupi mtundu wa 2 matenda.
Zotsatira zabodza
Nthawi zambiri, mayeso otere amathera ndi zotsatira zabodza, chifukwa zinthu zambiri zosiyanasiyana zimayambitsa izi. Choyamba ndi zakudya. Ngati munthu sanatsatire upangiri wa dokotala ndipo tsiku lotsatira la phunzirolo anadya mafuta, zonunkhira ndi zotsekemera, zakumwa, zotsatira zake sizikhala zolakwika.
Kuphatikiza apo, Zizindikiro zonama zitha kupezeka ngati wodwalayo adakumanapo ndi ma X-ray, komanso atadwala kwambiri matenda obwera kumene. Pakakhala zotsatirapo zoipa, madotolo amayesereranso kuti atsimikizire zotsatira zake.
Wodwala akamaona kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena akukayikira, ayenera kupita kwa katswiri kuti akuuze za matenda akewo, kukamufufuzanso ndikuyesa mayeso. Matenda akangozindikirika, osavuta komanso othana nawo amatha kuthana ndi mavuto popanda zovuta pamoyo wa munthu.
