Type 2 shuga mellitus: Zizindikiro zakukula, momwe angachitire komanso kuchuluka kwake nazo

Kulemera kwambiri mu theka lachiwiri la moyo, kusayenda, chakudya chamafuta ambiri kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa pa thanzi kuposa zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira. Matenda a 2 a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika komanso osachiritsika. Imakula nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha moyo wamakono - zinthu zambiri, mwayi wonyamula, ndikugwira ntchito.

Ziwerengero zamatenda zimatsimikizira mokwanira mawu awa: M'mayiko otukuka, kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga kumakhala kambiri kuposa maiko osauka. Mtundu 2 ndi mtundu wautali, wokhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa. Ngati simutenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamanthawi zamankhwala kapena kudzipereka nokha kuti mupange shuga nokha, kuzindikira kwanu kudzachitika mochedwa kwambiri zovuta zambiri zikayamba. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chiziikidwa mochulukirapo kuposa momwe matendawa angadziwire.

Chifukwa chiyani mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umayamba ndipo ndani wakhudzidwa

Kuzindikiridwa kwa matenda ashuga kumachitika pamene kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa glucose kwapezeka pamimba yopanda kanthu m'magazi a venous. Mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa 7 mmol / L ndi chifukwa chokwanira kunena kuti kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kunachitika m'thupi. Ngati miyezo ikuchitika ndi glucometer yosunthika, zikuwonetsa za shuga pamtunda wa 6.1 mmol / l zimawonetsa matenda osokoneza bongo, mwanjira imeneyi kuwunika kwa labotale ndikofunikira kutsimikizira matendawa.

Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale

• Matenda a shuga -95%
• Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
• Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu -90%
• Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku -97%

Kukhazikika kwa matenda a shuga a 2 nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi kuphwanya insulin. Shuga kuchokera m'magazi amalowa m'matumbo chifukwa cha insulin, kukana, kuzindikira kwa insulini ndi maselo kumalephera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti shuga sangatengeke ndikuyamba kudziunjikira m'magazi. Zikondazo zimayang'anira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga, zimathandizira ntchito yake. Mapeto ake amatha. Ngati sanalandiridwe, pakatha zaka zochepa, insulin yowonjezera imaloŵedwa m'malo ndi kusapezekapo kwake, ndipo shuga wamagazi amakhalabe wokwera.

Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga:

1. Kunenepa kwambiri. Adipose minofu amakhala ndi ntchito ya metabolic ndipo imakhudza mwachindunji kukana kwa insulin. Choopsa kwambiri ndicho kunenepa kwambiri m'chiuno.
2. Kusayenda kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa minofu ya glucose zofunika. Ngati ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kulibe, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsalira m'magazi.
3. Kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamafuta omwe amapezeka mosavuta - ufa, mbatata, mchere. Ma carbohydrate opanda fiber yokwanira amalowa m'magazi mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha pancreatic chiwonjezeke. Werengani nkhani yathu yolekerera shuga.
4. Makamaka kumawonjezera mwayi wamatenda amtundu 2, koma sikuti angawanenenso. Zizolowezi zathanzi zimathetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga, ngakhale titakhala ndi matenda oyipa.

Mavuto a kagayidwe kazakudya amadziwunjikira kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero ukalamba umawonedwanso ngati chinthu chachiwiri cha matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amayamba patatha zaka 40, tsopano pali chizolowezi chochepetsa zaka zapakati pa odwala matenda ashuga.

Mitundu ndi kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga amakhalanso amagawa pulayimale ndi sekondale. Matenda oyamba a shuga sawasintha, kutengera mtundu wa zovuta, mitundu iwiri imasiyanitsidwa:

• Mtundu 1 (E10 malinga ndi ICD-10) umadziwika ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika chifukwa chosowa insulini. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chachilendo mu kapamba chifukwa cha mphamvu ya ma antibodies muma cell ake. Mtunduwu wa shuga umadalira insulini, ndiye kuti, pamafunika jakisoni wa insulin tsiku lililonse.
• Mtundu 2 (code MKD-10 E11) kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwa insulin. Pamene zovuta zikuchulukirachulukira, chikuyandikira mtundu wa 1 shuga.

Matenda a shuga achiwiri amachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zamtunduwu mu ma chromosomes, ndimatenda a kapamba, kusowa kwa mahomoni. Pambuyo pochiritsa kapena kukonza kwa matenda chifukwa cha matendawa, shuga wa magazi amabwerera mwakale. Matenda a shuga a Gestational amakhalanso achiwiri, amapanga zovuta zake panthawi yoyembekezera ndipo amadutsa mwana akangobadwa.

Kutengera ndi kuopsa, shuga imagawika m'magawo:

1. Digiri yofatsa imatanthawuza kuti zakudya zochepa zama carb ndizokwanira kuti shuga azikhala bwino. Mankhwala sakhazikitsidwa kwa odwala. Gawo loyamba silisowa chifukwa chazindikira mochedwa. Ngati simusintha moyo wanu munthawi yake, digiri yofatsa imayamba kulowa pakati.
2. Pakatikati ndizofala kwambiri. Wodwala amafunikira ndalama kuti achepetse shuga. Palibenso zovuta za matenda ashuga kapena ofatsa ndipo sizikuwakhudza moyo. Pakadali pano, kusowa kwa insulin kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kutayika kwa ntchito zina zapanchipala. Pankhaniyi, imayendetsedwa ndi jakisoni. Kuperewera kwa insulin ndi chifukwa chomwe amachepetsa kulemera kwa matenda ashuga omwe amakhala ndi calorie. Thupi silingayamwa shuga ndipo limakakamizidwa kusiya mafuta ndi minofu yake.
3. Matenda akulu a shuga amadziwika ndi zovuta zingapo. Ndi chithandizo cholakwika kapena kusapezeka kwake, kusintha kumachitika m'matumbo a impso (nephropathy), maso (retinopathy), matenda ammimba a shuga, kulephera kwa mtima chifukwa cha angiopathy yamatumbo akulu. Mchitidwe wamanjenje umadwalanso mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kusintha kwina komwe kumatchedwa matenda a shuga.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 ndi 1st

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2

Mwa odwala ambiri, Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 2 ndizofatsa kwambiri kotero nkosatheka kukaikira matendawa. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga amawonekera poyesa magazi pafupipafupi.

Kuti muchepetse magazi okoma kwambiri, thupi limafuna kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi, kotero ludzu kapena kuuma kwa ziwalo za mucous kumatha kuwonedwa. Ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumachulukanso.

Chifukwa cha shuga wambiri, kufalikira kwa magazi m'makung'onoting'ono ang'onoang'ono kumasokonezedwa, mafangasi amayambitsa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kumva kuwawa pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba, kutupa kumachitika pafupipafupi mwa azimayi. Zilonda zimayamba kuchira kwambiri, zotupa za pakhungu zimachitika ngati malo okhala ndi zotupa kapena zotupa zazing'ono.

Zakudya zopanda minofu chifukwa cha kukana kwamphamvu kwa insulin kumawonetsedwa ndi kumva kutopa, kufooka kwa minofu.

Kodi matenda angachiritsidwe bwanji?

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 2 ndichokhazikika, matendawa atadziwika, endocrinologist amalembera zakudya ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Ngati wodwala amatha kuthetsa matenda poyambapo, ndipo mwamphamvu amalola kuti muzitsatira kwambiri zakudya zabwino, mankhwala amatha. Kutengera malangizo onse a dokotala pazakudya ndi mtundu wa zochita, matendawa samayambitsa zovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti odwala matenda ashuga azitha kumverera ngati anthu athanzi.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala enieni othandizira komanso mlingo wake amasankhidwa ndi dokotala kutengera chitetezo cha kapamba, kukana insulini, kulemera kwa wodwala komanso matenda ena okhudzana ndi matendawa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin

Jakisoni wa insulini amaperekedwa njira za mankhwala zikalephera kubwezeretsa shuga m'njira yabwinobwino. Izi zimachitika ndi kukula kwa shuga, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa kapangidwe kake ka mahomoni ake. Mankhwala a insulin a matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 ayenera kukhala ndi vuto ngati, kutsatira zakudya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma hypoglycemic othandizira, hemoglobin ya glycated imakwezeka kuposa 9%.

Pakanthawi kochepa, insulini imatha kutumikiridwa pakulimbana kwambiri ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga, musanayambe kugwira ntchito komanso nthawi yomwe mukugwira ntchito, ndikulimbana ndi matenda a mtima komanso stroko, matenda akuluakulu opatsirana panthawi yakukonzekera.

Pafupifupi, ngati ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2, amasintha kupita ku insulin zaka 9 atazindikira. Ziwerengerozi zimaphatikizapo onse omwe ali ndi odwala omwe safuna insulini kwazaka zambiri, komanso anthu omwe safuna kusintha moyo wawo.

Kuonjezera kwa insulin panthawiyo pamankhwala othandizira kumathandizira kuti pakhale ntchito zotsalira za kapamba, kukonza bwino shuga, ndikuchepetsa kuyambika.

Wodwala matenda a shuga a 2 omwe amadalira kwambiri insulin nthawi zambiri amasiya popanda chithandizo chofunikira chifukwa choopa jakisoni ndi kuopa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Inde, kuchuluka kwa insulin yochepa kwambiri kungayambitse kuperewera kwa hypoglycemic. Koma ndi matenda a shuga, basal, insulin yayitali imayikidwa, yomwe imayenera kuperekedwa kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku. Sizokayikitsa kupangitsa kuti shuga achepetse ndi majekeseni otere. Ndipo majakisoni enieni ogwiritsa ntchito zolembera zama syringe okhala ndi njira yoyenera amakhala osapweteka.

Kufunika kochita zolimbitsa thupi

Glucose ambiri mthupi amadyedwa panthawi yogwira minofu yambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira kuti tifulumizitse kutuluka kwa shuga kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'matipi. Masewera olimbitsa thupi katatu pa sabata kuchepetsa insulin, thandizani kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Pochiza matenda ashuga, masewera olimbitsa thupi amakonda. Kuti muwone kukula kofunikira, muyenera kuwerengera zamkati mopuma (m'mawa, osadzuka pabedi).

Mlingo wamtima (HR) pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amawerengedwa ndi njira: (220 - zaka - kugunda kwamtima m'mawa) * 70% + kugunda kwa mtima m'mawa. Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali ndi zaka 45, ndipo kutuluka kwake kwam'mawa kuli 75, pamasukulu muyenera kukhala ndi (220-45-75) * 70/100 + 75 = 150 kumenyedwa pamphindi. Kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono, masewera alionse olimbitsa thupi pakalabu yolimbitsa thupi, kusambira, kuvina, kuseketsa ndi ntchito zina zambiri ndizoyenera.

Muyenera kusankha mtundu wa zochita malinga ndi zomwe mumakonda komanso kupezeka kwanu, chifukwa mudzayenera kuthana ndi matenda a shuga a 2 moyo wanu wonse. Kwa okalamba komanso onenepa kwambiri, kuyenda mwachangu kumawathandiza kugunda kwamtima. Ndikofunikira kuti ndiyambe ndi izi komanso ndizochepa thupi, ndikusinthira katundu ochulukirapo.

Zithandizo zothandiza za anthu

Mankhwala ofotokoza umboni, zitsamba sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga. Mphamvu zawo zochiritsa zimadalira dera la kukula, nthawi yosonkhanitsa, kuyanika koyenera ndikusungira. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za mbewu sizingatsimikizidwe ndikufufuza, monga zimachitika pamene mankhwala atsopano abweretsedwa pamsika. Chokhacho chomwe opanga amatsimikizira ndicho chitetezo ngati chikugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo.

Zithandizo za Folk zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pali shuga wofatsa kapena monga cholumikizira ku mankhwala omwe ali pakatikati.

Kodi wothandizira hypoglycemic amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji:

• Wort wa St.
• mankhwala chamomile;
• mabulosi abulu;
• makungwa a Aspen;
• akavalo;
• masamba a nyemba;
• sinamoni.

Kuchokera kumagawo azomera zamankhwala, infusions ndi decoctions amakonzedwa. Mulingo wamba wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi supuni kapena supuni mu kapu yamadzi. Cinnamon amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira - amawonjezeredwa zakumwa, zakudya zamphesa kapena mbale za nyama - Onani nkhani yokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito sinamoni mu shuga.

Momwe mungadye ndi matenda a shuga a 2

Pamtima wa matenda a shuga a 2 ndi kusokonekera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, chomwe chimayambitsa, pakati pazinthu zina, kusapezeka bwino kwa zakudya. Zakudyazi zimapangidwira pafupifupi matenda onse akuluakulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri odwala amawanyalanyaza. Mu matenda a shuga, njira izi sizikugwira ntchito. Apa, zakudya ndi maziko a chithandizo. Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga popanda kudya sangathe kulimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Zomwe zimapangidwira chakudya cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amapezeka mosavuta m'mimba, ma carbohydrate othamanga ayenera kukhala ocheperako (pafupi othamanga komanso othamanga a chakudya). Mvetsetsani kuchuluka kwazinthu zambiri zithandizira tebulo la glycemic indexes (GI). Kukwera kwambiri kwa GI, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga kumachitika mutatha kudya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukana insulini kudzachulukanso, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya magazi kumachitika, ndipo wodwalayo akumva zowawa.

Zakudya zowonjezera pang'onopang'ono zamoto zimaloledwa. Kukhalapo kwawo muzakudya ndizochepa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga komanso kupezeka kwambiri. Mankhwala owonjezera bwino amawerengedwa, omwe amaloledwa kudya tsiku lililonse. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, munthu wodwala matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 adzafunika magome a khitchini komanso magome a zopatsa thanzi. Popita nthawi, odwala matenda ashuga amaphunzira kudziwa, ndi maso, kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe akudya.

Kodi ndizotheka kupita mwachangu

Njira ina yothanirana ndi matenda a shuga ndi kusala kudya kotchedwa "kunyowa". Amapereka kukana kwathunthu chakudya chilichonse komanso kuchuluka kwamadzi wopanda malire. Nthawi yopanda chakudya iyenera kukhala yotalikirapo - osachepera sabata. Cholinga cha kusala kudya ndikukwaniritsa ketoacidosis, ndiko kuti, kuwonongeka kwa maselo amafuta ndikutulutsa kwa acetone m'magazi. Otsatira a ochizira kusala kudya amatsutsa kuti thupi lopanda chakudya limachokera ku carbohydrate metabolism kupita ku mafuta, maselo a pancreatic amapeza nthawi yopumula ndikuchira.

M'malo mwake, izi ndizowona kuti sizowona. Magulu a shuga m'thupi la munthu akamatha, misempha ya magazi imasungidwa kudzera mu gluconeogeneis. Thupi kudzera mu kusintha kovuta kwa mankhwala kumapanga shuga kuchokera ku mafuta ndi mapuloteni. Mafuta omwe amaikidwa pamenepa amasungunuka kwenikweni, koma nthawi yomweyo minofu imawonongeka. Zikondazo sizidzapumulanso - shuga wopambanalo ayenera kuperekedwa m'maselo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti insulini ndiyofunikira. Mutha kukwaniritsa kuthana ndi mafuta ndikutayika kochepa pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zama carb zochepa zomwe zili ndi calorie wamba.

Type 2 matenda a shuga

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umatha kupewedwa ngakhale titakhala kuti tili ndi vuto lakelo. Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kukhala ndi kulemera pafupi ndi nthawi zonse, monga masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse, musamadye kwambiri, musafe ndi njala komanso muchepetse chakudya - maswiti ndi ufa.

Zimaphatikizapo kupewa matenda ashuga komanso kuyesa magazi pafupipafupi. Mwazi umaperekedwa kwa glucose kamodzi pachaka chilichonse. Ndi chibadwa chamtsogolo kapena moyo wopanda thanzi - chaka chilichonse.

Palinso kusanthula kwa labotale komwe kumatha kuzindikira zovuta zazing'ono za metabolic, kuyesa kwa glucose. Kusintha kwa zamatenda koyambira kumatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Nthawi ikakusowa, matenda ashuga amatha.

Kutalika kwa moyo

Kodi matenda a shuga adzadutsa, zimadalira wodwalayo. Madotolo ati thandizo lawo pakulipira matendawa silidutsa 20%.

Kwezani zaka za moyo ndikupewa zovuta kumathandiza:

1. Kuwongolera kwa hemoglobin ya glycated, kuchepa kuchokera 10 mpaka 6% kumapereka zaka zitatu za moyo.
2. Kusungabe kutsika. Ndi kupanikizika kwapamwamba kwa 180, wodwala matenda ashuga wazaka 55 amaloledwa zaka 19 za moyo. Kutsikira mpaka ku 120 kumakulitsa zaka zapakati pazaka pafupifupi 21.
3. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi kudzaperekanso zaka zingapo.
4. Kusuta kufupikitsa moyo ndi zaka zitatu.

Zambiri za kuchuluka kwa zaka zokhala ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 pakadali pano zikuwoneka motere: bambo wazaka 55 yemwe amayang'anira matenda ake amakhala zaka 21.1, mkazi - wazaka 21.8. Popanda chithandizo ndikuwongolera shuga, ziwerengerozi zimachepetsedwa kukhala 13.2 ndi 15, motsatana. Komanso, wodwalayo amalandira osati zowonjezera zaka 7, komanso mwayi wowazitenga mwachangu popanda kuvutika ndi zovuta zingapo.