Ndi zaka zingati zomwe zimakhala ndi matenda a shuga amtundu 1 ndi 2

Matenda a shuga akupitiliza kulipira odwala zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito, ngakhale atayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo atsopano. Magazi a shuga m'magazi amathandizira kwambiri pakuyembekezeka kwa moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Zoyenera, kuti glycemia wodwala matenda ashuga asasiyane ndi momwe munthu amakhalira wathanzi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusintha kwambiri moyo wanu: kuwunikira nthawi zonse zakudya ndi zakudya, kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikuyesa mayeso. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, kuti muchepetse zovuta zomwe zingayambitse zovuta zimatheka pokhapokha ngati onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi abale ake akuchita mankhwalawo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa Matenda a Moyo wa Awaga

Posachedwa, World Health Organisation yakhala ikuyang'ana kwambiri za matenda ashuga. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kufalikira kwa matendawa, ngozi yake yayikulu yathanzi, kulumala koyambirira, komanso kufa kwakukulu pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi mavuto a mtima imafunikira zida zabwino m'm zipatala, kupezeka kwa anthu oyenerera, komanso ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku ntchito zaumoyo ndi odwala. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi 2 amafunikira kuchipatala kuposa odwala ena.

Zowopsa za matenda ashuga:

1. Kuwonongeka kwa impso - nephropathy, yomwe imapangidwanso moperewera ndi kulephera kwa impso. Mwa odwala omwe amakhala ndi moyo chifukwa cha hemodialysis, gawo la anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi pafupifupi 30%.
2. Vuto lalikulu lomwe limabweretsa osati kulumala, komanso kufa. Theka la zomwe zidachotsedwa mdziko lathu lino chifukwa cha zovuta za matenda ashuga, ziwerengero za chaka chino ndizowopsa: odwala 11,000 amatsika miyendo pachaka.
3. Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda a atherosulinosis komanso matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kusuta. Kuthekera kwa kukhala ndi matenda a mtima (CHD) mu matenda a shuga kumawonjezeka katatu, matenda amitsempha - nthawi 4, kuwonongeka - ndi 2,5 times. Pafupifupi 40% ya odwala matenda ashuga opitilira 40 amafa chifukwa cha matenda amtima.

Kafukufuku wambiri adatsimikizira kuti zovuta zowopsa m'moyo zimatha kupewedwa munjira yokhayo - kusunga shuga wamagazi ndi kukakamizidwa kwamanambala omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ngati momwe kungathekere. Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kukwaniritsa komanso kukhazikika nthawi yayitali, thanzi lake limakhala labwino, ndipo chiyembekezo chake cha moyo ndi chofanana ndi cha munthu wathanzi.

Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale

• Matenda a shuga -95%
• Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
• Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu -90%
• Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku -97%

Ndi angati akukhala ndi mtundu woyamba

Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 amapezeka mwa achinyamata, kuwonda kwake kumakhala nthawi zonse kumayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zowoneka bwino: kuchepa thupi, kufooka kwambiri ndi ludzu, kuwonongeka kwambiri pakukhalanso bwino, ketoacidosis. Ngati simukuwona dokotala munthawi imeneyi, chikomokere cha ketoacidotic chimachitika. Tsopano odwala omwe adapezeka ndi matenda ashuga amagonekedwa m'chipatala mosalephera. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amachotsedwa ku chipatala atakhazikika pokhapokha, amasankhidwa kuti apatsidwe insulin yokwanira, amaphunzitsidwa moyenera ndikuyiyendetsa. Ngakhale wodwala atagonekedwa m'chiperete, kuthekera kwa zotsatira zabwino kumaposa 80%.

Asanayambike insulin, moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga 1 anali pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Mu 1950-1965, patatha zaka 30 kuchokera pomwe matendawa adayamba, 35% ya odwala adamwalira, mu 1965-1980. - 11%. Pakubwera kwa ma insulin analogue komanso ma glucometer osunthika, odwala matenda a shuga amakhalanso nthawi yayitali: Amuna ochepera zaka 56.7, azimayi ochepera zaka 60.8 (deta ya ku Russia). Izi ndi zaka 10 zocheperako kuposa momwe munthu amafanizira m'dziko lonse.

Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, kutalika ndi moyo wake zimakhudzidwa makamaka ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha shuga. Chovuta chochepa kwambiri chomwe chimapangitsa kuti munthu afe ndi matenda a shuga. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa ana osaposa zaka 4 kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, mwa achinyamata omwe amakana kumangoyang'anira shuga, mwa akuluakulu omwe amamwa mowa kwambiri.

Chizindikiro cha moyo wautali komanso wachisangalalo pa insulin anali injiniya waku America Robert Krause. Anadwala mu 1926, ali ndi zaka 5. Chaka chimodzi m'mbuyomu, mchimwene wake anamwalira ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, kuti makolo ake azindikire zisonyezo zowopsa ndikupereka Robert kuchipatala mwachangu. Muubwana, amayi anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga shuga, ankayeza zinthu mosamala kwambiri ndipo amasunga magalasi molondola, chakudya chisanachitike, aliwonse amapaka insulin. Robert adaphunzira kuganizira za matenda ashuga. M'moyo wake wonse ankangodya zakudya, amawerengetsa moyenera calorie komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya, muyezo wa insulin, amayeza shuga katatu patsiku. Robert Krause adakhala ndi zaka 91, ndipo mpaka zaka zomaliza adakhalabe wokangalika m'moyo, adatha kupeza maphunziro apamwamba, kuchita nawo pulogalamu ya rocket, kukhala wansembe, kulera ana ndi zidzukulu zambiri.

Kutalika kwamoyo wokhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2

Kukula kwa chiyembekezo cha moyo wamtundu wa 2 wodwala matenda ashuga kumadalira mtundu wa chipukutiro cha matenda. Zowonjezera zimaphatikizapo cholesterol, kukakamiza, zaka, jenda, ndi kusuta.

Ndi angati omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga:

1. Mayi wazaka 55 yemwe amayang'anitsitsa thanzi lake ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala akhala zaka pafupifupi 21.8. Mzimayi wamsinkhu umodzi popanda kudya, yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi - osaposa zaka 15.
2. Kwa bambo wazaka 55, kudwala kumakhala zaka 21.1 ndi 13.2, motsatana.
3. Osuta omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala pafupifupi zaka 2, ngakhale atakhala chindapusa chotani pa matendawa.
4. Cholesterol okwera amatenga pafupifupi chaka chimodzi cha moyo.
5. Kutsika kwa kupanikizika kwa systolic kuchokera ku 180 kupita kwazomwe kudzapatsa munthu pafupifupi zaka 1.8 za moyo; Mayi wazaka 1.6.

Monga tikuwonera pamwambapa, odwala amakhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 wautali kuposa mtundu 1. Izi ndichifukwa choti matenda amtunduwu amayamba mochedwa kwambiri, mwa anthu ambiri atatha zaka 55. Shuga m'zaka zoyambirira zimamera pang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zovuta zimayamba kuchepa.

Mu 2014, Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russia udasindikiza zambiri zodalirika. Chifukwa cha mapulogalamu aboma kuti apatse odwala matenda ashuga ndi mankhwala aulere, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapulogalamu ophunzitsira kwathandiza kuchepetsa kufa ndi pafupifupi 30% ndikuti akwaniritse zaka zakubadwa za matenda a mtundu 2 wazaka 72.4 kwa amuna ndi 74.5 kwa akazi. Zinafika poti azimayi amakhala ndi zaka zochepa kuposa anzawo athanzi, koma amuna ndi azaka 10. Kupambana kotere kwa amuna kumatha kufotokozedwa mwanjira imodzi: pamaso pa matenda ashuga, odwala amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala akuyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala pafupipafupi ndikupita kukayezetsa.

Kulipira shuga

Madokotala amakhulupirira kuti kubwezeredwa kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali komanso moyenera kumatha kupezeka mwa wodwala aliyense, ndipo nthawi zambiri, ndi mankhwala okwera mtengo, otsika mtengo. Zowona, chithandizo chamankhwala chadokotala sichokwanira. Kulipira kosasinthika ndikotheka kwa okhawo omwe aphunzitsidwa kusukulu ya shuga kapena omwe adaphunzira payokha za matendawa, amamvetsetsa udindo wawo kuthamanga kwazovuta, akamayesedwa pafupipafupi ndi mayeso kuti adziwe zovuta kumayambiriro, ndikutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala, kuphatikizapo zakudya komanso zolimbitsa thupi.

Zambiri mu Russia Federation:

Monga tikuwonera patebulopo, mwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ku Russian Federation, matendawa amabwezeredwa. Thangwe ranyi bzinkucitika tenepo? Tsoka ilo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amafunikira chithandizo chovuta kwambiri cha moyo amakhala ndi chidwi chazomwe amachita. Pakangotha ​​chaka chimodzi, odwala ambiri amadwala, kapena amakhala osadya kwa milungu ingapo, kusiya kumwa mapiritsi pafupipafupi, ndi kunenepa.

Munjira zambiri, malingaliro osiyidwa awa okhudzana ndi thanzi lawo amathandizidwa ndi thanzi labwino la odwala omwe ali ndi shuga wokwezeka pang'ono. Monga lamulo, alibe zizindikiro, moyo siwosiyana ndi moyo wa anthu athanzi. Mavuto akulu (kutaya kwa masomphenya, kusokonezeka kwa magazi m'mapazi) kumawonekera munthu akamakhala ndi matenda a shuga kwa zaka 5 mpaka 10. Monga lamulo, zovuta zazikulu zamitsempha zimatha kupezeka ndi nthawi iyi, zomwe sizingathetsedwe kwathunthu.

Zomwe odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi zochepa

Magulu a odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta, chifukwa chochepa kwambiri chokhalira ndi moyo:

• Ana ochepera zaka 4 zokhala ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin. Njira yowonongera maselo a pancreatic mwa ana aang'ono imathamanga, shuga m'magazi amakwera pamiyeso yoopsa pakatha masiku. Ndi chitukuko cha ketoacidosis, makanda amasiya kuzindikira msanga ndikugwera kutsokomola, amatha kufa.
• Muubwana, ana nthawi zambiri amakana kuvomereza kuti akudwala, kuyesa kuthana ndi zoletsedwa, amachita manyazi kupaka insulin mumsewu ndikuyeza shuga. Ndipo ngakhale ndi malingaliro oyenera kuumoyo wawo, kuwonongeka kumakhala kofala kwambiri mu achinyamata chifukwa cha kusintha kwamphamvu kwa mahomoni mu m'badwo uno.
• Anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin, nthawi zambiri samatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin, nthawi zambiri amayamba kukhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic.
• Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri kumachepetsa moyo. Odwala onenepa kwambiri amakakamizidwa kumwa mitundu yayikulu ya mankhwala a hypoglycemic, kale anasiya kutulutsa insulin, yomwe ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri la matenda a mtima komanso sitiroko.
• Odwala omwe samamwa mankhwalawa onse omwe adanenedwa ndi dokotala. Ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amafunikira ma statin, antihypertensive mankhwala, ndi mavitamini kuwonjezera mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Odwala omwe amakana insulin. Ngati pali matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, palibe mtundu wina wa shuga, ndiye kuti amayesetsa kuti achedwetse mahomoni. Kafukufuku wambiri watsimikizira kuti njirayi imafupikitsa moyo. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuyang'anira hemoglobin yokhazikika, ndikuwonjezera mankhwala atsopano ku regimen atangofika G7 mpaka 7,7,5. Muyenera kusinthira ku insulin mukangomaliza kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mapiritsi, ndiye kuti, mankhwala a 2-3 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa sikokwanira kwa glycemia wabwinobwino.