Njira zachikhalidwe zochepetsera shuga mutatha kudya zimaphatikizapo ma insulin aanthu achidule. Chimodzi mwa mankhwala otchuka kwambiri, Actrapid, akhala akulimbana ndi matenda ashuga kwa zaka zoposa 3. Pazaka zonsezi, watsimikizira mtundu wake wabwino kwambiri ndikupulumutsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.
Pakadali pano, ma insulin atsopano, omwe adapangidwa kale, omwe amapezeka kale omwe amapereka glycemia wabwinobwino ndipo ali omasuka pazofooka za omwe anawatsogolera. Ngakhale izi, Actrapid samataya maudindo ake ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso matenda a shuga.
Malangizo achidule ogwiritsira ntchito
Actrapid ndi imodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira zomwe zimapezeka ndi ma genetic engineering. Idapangidwa koyamba mu 1982 ndi nkhawa yama mankhwala a Novo Nordisk, m'modzi mwa opanga mankhwala akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Panthawiyo, odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kukhala okhutira ndi insulin ya nyama, yomwe inali yokhala ndi kuyeretsa kochepa komanso kukhudzana kwambiri.
Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale
- Matenda a shuga -95%
- Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
- Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu -90%
- Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
- Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku -97%
Actrapid imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya osinthidwa, chinthu chomalizidwa chimangobwerezeranso insulin yomwe imapangidwa mwa anthu. Tekinoloje yopanga imalowetsa kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino za hypoglycemic komanso kuyeretsa kwambiri njira, komwe kunachepetsa chiwopsezo cha kupha ziwopsezo ndi kufinya pamalowo. Radar (kaundula wamankhwala omwe amalembetsa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo) akuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawa amatha kupanga ndikupanga ku Denmark, France ndi Brazil. Kuwongolera kwa zotsatira kumachitika kokha ku Europe, chifukwa chake palibe kukayikira za mtundu wa mankhwalawa.
Zambiri mwachidule za Actrapide kuchokera kuzomwe angagwiritse ntchito, zomwe aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa:
| Machitidwe | Zimapangitsa kusintha kwa shuga kuchokera ku magazi kupita ku minofu, kumathandizira kapangidwe ka glycogen, mapuloteni ndi mafuta. |
| Kupanga |
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| Zizindikiro |
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| Contraindication | Zomwe zimachitika pakokha pakulimbana ndi chitetezo chamthupi zomwe sizimatha masabata awiri kuyambira chiyambi cha insulin kapena ngati zimachitika kwambiri:
Khalid Kuletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu a insulin, popeza imakonda kukirira ndipo imatha kubisa dongosolo la kulowetsedwa. |
| Sankhani | Actrapid ndiyofunikira kulipirira glucose yemwe amalowa m'magazi atatha kudya. Mlingo wa mankhwalawa amawerengedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta omwe amapezeka muzakudya. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe ka mkate. Kuchuluka kwa insulin pa 1XE kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuwerengera, ma coefficients amasinthidwa malinga ndi zotsatira za miyeso ya glycemia. Mlingo umawoneka kuti ndi wolondola ngati shuga ya magazi idabweranso momwe idakhalira atatha kutha kwa Actrapid insulin. |
| Zosafunika | Ngati mulingo wawonjezereka, hypoglycemia imachitika, zomwe zingayambitse kupweteka kwakanthawi kochepa. Kutsika pang'ono kwa shuga kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wamitsempha, kufafaniza zizindikiro za hypoglycemia, ndikuwapangitsa kuzindikira. Pophwanya njira ya jakisoni wa Actrapid insulin kapena chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika ndi minyewa yokhala ndi subcutaneous, lipodystrophy ndiyotheka, kupezeka kwawo kumachitika kochepera 1%. Malinga ndi malangizowo, mukasinthira ku insulin ndikuchepetsa kwambiri shuga, zimachitika kwakanthawi zomwe zimatha pazokha zomwe zimatheka: kusawona bwino, kutupa, neuropathy. |
| Kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena | Insulin ndi kukonzekera kosalimba, mu syringe imodzi imatha kusakanikirana ndi saline komanso ma insulin apakatikati, ndibwinopanga opanga omwewo (Protafan). Actrapid insulin dilution ndiyofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi chidwi chachikulu ndi mahomoni, mwachitsanzo, ana aang'ono. Kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a shuga a 2, nthawi zambiri okalamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala munthawi yomweyo kungakhudze zochita za insulin. Hormonal ndi diuretics zimatha kufooketsa mphamvu ya Actrapid, ndipo mankhwala amakono opsinjika ngakhale tetracycline wokhala ndi aspirin angalimbitse. Odwala omwe ali ndi insulin mankhwala ayenera kuphunzira mosamala gawo la "Kuchita" mu malangizo a mankhwala onse omwe akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito. Zitapezeka kuti mankhwalawa angakhudze zochita za insulin, Mlingo wa Actrapid usinthidwe kwakanthawi. |
| Mimba ndi GV | Pa mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere Actrapid amaloledwa. Mankhwala samadutsa placenta, chifukwa chake, sangakhudze kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Imadutsa mkaka wa m'mawere yaying'ono, pambuyo pake imagawika m'miyendo ya mwana. |
| Mawonekedwe a Actrapid insulin | Radar imaphatikizapo mitundu itatu ya mankhwala omwe amaloledwa kugulitsa ku Russia:
Pochita, mabotolo okha (Actrapid NM) ndi makatoni (Actrapid NM Penfill) ndi omwe akugulitsa. Mitundu yonse imakhala ndi kukonzekera komweko ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin pa millilita yankho. |
| Kusunga | Pambuyo pakutsegulira, insulini imasungidwa kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi pamalo amdima, kutentha kotulutsidwa kumakhala mpaka 30 ° C. Phukusi lokhathamiritsa liyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Actrapid insulin yozizira saloledwa. Onani apa >> malamulo apadera osungira insulin. |
Chaka chilichonse, Actrapid imaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Vital and Essential, kotero odwala matenda ashuga amatha kuzipeza mwaulere, ndi mankhwala kuchokera kwa dokotala.
Zowonjezera
Actrapid NM amatanthauza zazifupi (mndandanda wa ma insulin afupiafupi), koma osati mankhwala a ultrashort. Amayamba kuchita pakatha mphindi 30, motero amamuzindikiritsa pasadakhale. Glucose kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe chili ndi GI yotsika (mwachitsanzo, buckwheat ndi nyama) amatha "kugwira" insulin iyi ndikuchotsa magaziwo munthawi yake. Ndi chakudya champhamvu kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, tiyi wokhala ndi keke), Actrapid satha kumenya nkhondo mwachangu, kotero mukatha kudya hyperglycemia imachitika mosalephera, yomwe imayamba kuchepa. Kulumpha mu shuga sikumangowonjezera thanzi la wodwalayo, komanso kumathandizira kupita patsogolo kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga. Kuti muchepetse kukula kwa glycemia, chakudya chilichonse chomwe chili ndi Insulin Actrapid chimayenera kukhala ndi fiber, protein, kapena mafuta.
Kutalika kwa nthawi
Actrapid amagwira ntchito mpaka maola 8. Maola asanu oyamba - chinthu chachikulu, ndiye - mawonetseredwe otsalira. Ngati insulin imayendetsedwa pafupipafupi, mphamvu ya milingo iwiri imadutsana. Nthawi yomweyo, ndizosatheka kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, omwe amawonjezera chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mankhwalawa, zakudya ndi jakisoni wa insulin amafunika kugawidwa maola 5 aliwonse.
Mankhwala amakhala ndi chiwopsezo pambuyo pa maola 1.5-3,5. Pofika nthawi ino, chakudya chochuluka chimakhala ndi nthawi yogaya, motero hypoglycemia imachitika. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa 1-2 XE. Zokwanira, ndimatenda a shuga patsiku, zakudya zitatu ndi zitatu zowonjezera zimapezeka. Insulin Actrapid imayendetsedwa isanayambike yayikulu, koma mlingo wake umawerengeredwa pang'onopang'ono.
Malamulo oyambira
Mbale zokhala ndi Actrapid HM zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma insulin omwe amalembedwa kuti U-100. Makatoni - okhala ndi ma syringe ndi ma syringe: NovoPen 4 (gawo la gawo 1), NovoPen Echo (mayunitsi 0,5).
Kuti insulini igwire bwino mu shuga, muyenera kuphunzira njira ya jekeseni muzomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndikutsatira ndendende. Nthawi zambiri, Actrapid amalowetsedwa ndi crease pamimba, syringe imasungidwa pakona mpaka pakhungu. Pambuyo poyikapo, singanoyo samachotsa masekondi angapo kuti yankho lithe kutuluka. Insulin iyenera kukhala firiji. Pamaso pa makonzedwe, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana tsiku lomwe linatha ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Botolo lomwe lili ndi chimanga, matope kapena makhiristo mkati ndizoletsedwa.
Fananizani ndi ma insulini ena
Ngakhale kuti molekyulu ya Actrapid ndi yofanana ndi insulin yaumunthu, zomwe zimachitika ndizosiyana. Ichi ndi chifukwa subcutaneous makonzedwe. Amasowa nthawi kuti asiye michere yamafuta ndikufikira magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, insulini imakonda kupanga mapangidwe azovuta m'matipi, zomwe zimathandizanso kuchepetsa shuga.
Ma insulin amakono ambiri - ma Humalog, NovoRapid ndi Apidra - amalephera zolakwitsa izi. Amayamba kugwira ntchito m'mbuyomu, chifukwa chake amatha kuchotsa ngakhale mafuta othamanga. Kutalika kwake kumachepetsedwa, ndipo palibe kuchuluka, kotero zakudya zimatha kukhala zowonjezereka, ndipo zokhwasula-khwasula sizofunikira. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mankhwala a ultrashort amapereka bwino kuwongolera glycemic kuposa Actrapid.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a shuga a Actrapid a shuga kungakhale koyenera:
- odwala omwe amatsatira zakudya zama carb ochepa, makamaka ndi matenda a shuga a 2;
- mwa ana omwe amadya maola atatu aliwonse.
Kodi mankhwalawo ndi angati? Ubwino wosakayikitsa wa insuliniyi umaphatikizapo mtengo wake wotsika: 1 unit ya Actrapid imawononga 40 kopecks (ma ruble 400 pa botolo la 10 ml), mahomoni a ultrashort - katatu katatu.
Analogi
Mapulogalamu a insulin yaumunthu amakhala ndi maselo ofanana omwe ali ndi katundu wofanana:
| Analogi | Wopanga | Mtengo, pakani. | |
| makatoni | mabotolo | ||
| Actrapid NM | Denmark, Novo Nordisk | 905 | 405 |
| Biosulin P | Russia, Pharmstandard | 1115 | 520 |
| Insuman Rapid GT | Belarus, Monoinsulin waku Czech Republic | - | 330 |
| Humulin Wokhazikika | USA, Eli Lily | 1150 | 600 |
Kusintha kuchokera ku insulin kupita kwina kuyenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha pazotsatira zamankhwala, chifukwa kubwezeretsedwera kwa shuga kumakulirachulukira pakusankha kwa mlingo.
Zikhala mutu: Momwe mungawerengere kuchuluka kwa insulini
