Gulu la insulin: gome la mankhwala malinga ndi nthawi ya zochita

Insulin ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe ndi gawo la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala kuti akhazikitse khola la odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso matenda ena ofanana - makamaka, phazi la matenda ashuga.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa insulin yopanga zachilengedwe ndi yopanga, yoyamba ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba anthu kapena nyama zapakhomo.

Lachiwiri limapangidwa mu labotale mwa kuphatikiza chinthu chachikulu pogwiritsa ntchito zina zowonjezera. Ndi pamaziko omwe kukonzekera insulin kunapangidwa.

Ndi mitundu yina ya insulini yomwe ilipo ndipo ndi mankhwala ati omwe amagawidwa, gulu lawo ndi lotani? Popeza odwala amafunika jakisoni kangapo patsiku, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti musankhe mankhwala oyenera omwe amapezeka, chiyambi ndi zotsatira zake - osayambitsa zovuta zina ndi zina zosafunikira.

Zosiyanasiyana za insulin

Kugawa ndalama kumachitika malinga ndi magawo ofunikira:

• Kuthamanga kwa zochita pambuyo pa utsogoleri
• Kutalika kwa chochita
• Chiyambi
• Kutulutsa Fomu.

Zofunika! Mapiritsi a insulin ndi ofunikira chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa za matendawa ngati phazi la matenda ashuga - kudya pafupipafupi kumalepheretsa kutupika ndi kukula kwa malo a m'munsi a m'munsi.

Kutengera izi, mitundu isanu yayikulu ya insulin imasiyanitsidwa.

1. Insulin yosavuta kapena ya ultrashort.
2. Kuwonetsera kwakanthawi insulin.
3. Insulin ndi nthawi yayitali yowonekera.
4. Kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali kapena insulin.
5. Mtundu wa Insulin wophatikizidwa komanso wopitilira.

Njira zakuchitikira zamafuta amitundu iliyonse ndizosiyana, ndipo akatswiri okhawo ndi omwe angadziwe mtundu wa insulini komanso momwe mungakhalire wodwala.

Cholinga cha mankhwala a mtundu wofunikacho chichitidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa, kuuma kwake, msinkhu komanso zikhalidwe za munthu wodwala. Kuti tichite izi, mayeso angapo amachitika, mbiri ya zamankhwala ndi chithunzi cha matenda ena opweteka m'mbiri zimaphunziridwa mosamala.

Kuwonongeka kwa mavuto kumathandizidwanso, makamaka ngati mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa okalamba kapena ana aang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse wamankhwala musanayambe kumwa.

Ultrashort insulin

Zinthu zamtunduwu zimayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo, atangolowa mu magazi, koma nthawi yake imakhala yochepa - pafupifupi maola 3-4. Kuchuluka kwa insulin ya ultrashort m'thupi kumafikira ola limodzi pambuyo pa jekeseni.

Ntchito mawonekedwe: mankhwalawa mankhwala mosamalitsa musanadye kapena mutangomaliza kudya, mosasamala nthawi ya tsiku. Kupanda kutero, kuchitika kwa hypoglycemia kumatha kuchitika.

Zotsatira zoyipa: ngati sizinachitike mwachangu atangoyendetsa, sizimawonekeranso, ngakhale kuti pafupifupi mankhwala onse amtunduwu amasinthidwa ndipo angayambitse zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusalolera kwa ziwalozo.

Mankhwala, mitundu ya insulin imaperekedwa mwa mitundu yotsatirayi ya mankhwala, maina:

1. "Insulin Apidra",
2. "Insulin Humalog",
3. Mwachangu-Changu.

Insulin yochepa

Zinthu zamtunduwu zimayamba kukhudza thupi mosapitirira mphindi 30 kuchokera pakukonzekera, koma osapitirira mphindi 20. Kuchuluka kwake kumawonekera pafupifupi maola awiri pambuyo pa utsogoleri, ndipo kumatha kupitilira maola 6.

Zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito: tikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa vutoli musanadye chakudya. Pankhaniyi, pakati pa jakisoni ndi kuyamba kwa chakudya, kupuma pang'ono mphindi khumi ndi zisanu kuyenera kuonedwa.

Izi zimachitika kuti chiwopsezo cha mankhwalawa chikugwirizana pakapita nthawi ndikuyamba kulowa kwa thupi ndi kuyamwa kwa michere.

Pambuyo maola ochepa, insulini ikafika pazowonjezera zake, payenera kukhala chakudya china chaching'ono - chakudya.

Zotsatira zoyipa: ndizosowa kwambiri ngakhale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, mosasamala kanthu kuti chinthucho chimasinthidwa kapena kusinthidwa.

Insulin yochepa imapezeka kuti igulitsidwe ngati Insulin Actrapid ndi Humulin Regular.

Insulin Yapakatikati

Gululi limaphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mitundu ya insulin, nthawi yowonekera kwake kuchokera maola 12 mpaka 16. Zowoneka pambuyo pa kayendetsedwe zimawonedwa pakatha maola awiri ndi atatu, kuchuluka kwambiri kumachitika pambuyo pa maola 6, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zopangira jakisoni sikhala ndi maola 12, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala 8-10 zokha.

Zomwe zimapangidwazo: jakisoni 2-3 a insulin patsiku ndiokwanira, ngakhale zakudya. Nthawi zambiri, limodzi ndi jekeseni imodzi, mlingo wa insulin yochepa umapangidwanso, mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa.

Zotsatira zoyipa: palibe, mosasamala nthawi yayitali, chifukwa mankhwalawa amakhudza thupi kwambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina.

Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri omwe ali ndi mtundu wa insulin ndi awa: "Insulin Humulin NPH", "Humodar br" ndi Protulin insulin.

Gawo lina

Kugawidwa kwa insulin mwanjira imeneyi kumachitika ndi zomwe zimachokera. Pali mitundu yotere:

1. Hormone gawo lina la ng'ombe - chinthu yotengedwa kuchokera kapamba wama ng'ombe. Ma insulin amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakhumudwitsa thupi lawo, chifukwa limasiyana ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi thupi la munthu. Izi zikuphatikizapo Insulap GLP ndi Ultralent, mankhwalawa amapezekanso mawonekedwe a piritsi;
2. Hormonal nkhumba zovuta. Izi zimasiyana ndi insulin ya munthu m'magulu amodzi amino acid, koma izi ndizokwanira kuyambitsa mavuto.

Chidziwitso chothandiza: zinthu zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa ndimankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mitundu iwiri iyi:

• Amasinthidwe amibadwo. Amapangidwa pamaziko a chinthu chomwe anthu adagwiritsa ntchito Escherichia coli.
• Umisiri Potere, gawo la chiyambi cha porcine limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko, pomwe lingaliro lamphamvu la amino acid limasinthidwa.

Chisankho chomaliza cha mtundu ndi mtundu wa kukonzekera kwa insulin kumapangidwa potsatira kusanthula kwa momwe thupi limayendera komanso mkhalidwe wa wodwala pambuyo pobayidwa kangapo.

Malinga ndi lingaliro losagwirizana la madokotala ndi ofufuza, insulini yopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chinthu cha munthu, chosinthika chibadwa kapena kusinthidwa imawonedwa ngati chokwanira kwambiri. Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo insulin isophan.

Ndizinthu zamtunduwu zomwe ndizowopsa zomwe zingayambitse mavuto, chifukwa mulibe mapuloteni, ndikupereka mphamvu mwachangu, zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri kuti wodwalayo akhale okhazikika.

Kugonjera zinthu

Zotsatira zazikulu za insulin ndi kuchepa kwa shuga wa seramu. Koma pali zinthu zomwe, mmalo mwake, zimakulitsa mulingo wake - zimatchedwa kuti zotsutsana. Wotsutsa wa Insulin:

1. Glucagon.
2. Adrenaline ndi ena acatecholamines.
3. Cortisol ndi corticosteroids.
4. Kukula kwa mahomoni ndi mahomoni ogonana.
5. Thyroxine, triiodothyronine ndi mahomoni ena a chithokomiro.

Zinthu zonsezi zimagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi insulin, ndiko kuti, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zotsatira zake pakathupi zimatha kukhala zazitali, ngakhale kuti limagwirira limaphunzitsidwa pang'ono kuposa insulini.

Mankhwala amakono amapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zowonetsera mtundu ndi mtundu wa insulin. Ndi iti yomwe ili yoyenera kulandira chithandizo nthawi zonse imasankhidwa ndi dokotala pambuyo poyesa mitundu ingapo ndikuphunzira mosamala momwe thupi limachitikira ndi mankhwala ena ake.

Mawonekedwe ndi kusiyana kwa mankhwala, patebulo