Dyslipidemia ndimavuto pamagulu azigawo zosiyanasiyana za cholesterol, zosafotokozedwa ndi zizindikiro zapadera za matenda. Komabe, ndizowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yayikulu ya matenda m'thupi la munthu.
Zotsatira zake kuti dyslipidemia, ngati matenda odziimira pawokha, saganiziridwa ndi akatswiri, koma ndi "provocateur" pokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa matenda opatsirana otchedwa "atherosranceotic vascular lesion".
Kusokonezeka kwa chikhalidwe cha dyslipidemic mosakayika kumatsogolera kukuchokera kumafuta am'malo pazitseko zamkati za zombo. Zotsatira zake, magazi amayenda momasuka pabedi amakhala ovuta ndipo kuwonongeka kwa hemodynamic kumapangitsa minofu ndi ziwalo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa
Dyslipidemia imatha kuchitika pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ndi zovuta zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi kuphatikizika kwamafuta, komanso kudya kwambiri mafuta kuchokera ku chakudya.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusalinganika muyezo kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kugawa kwa magawidwe awo ndi kuchoka. Izi ndizotheka ngakhale ndi mafuta ochepa mthupi ndi chakudya.
Malinga ndi pathogenetic limagwirira kukula kwa dyslipidemic kusagwirizana, pali mitundu ingapo ya etiopathogenetic dyslipidemia. Mtheradi mitundu yonse ya cholowa cha dyslipidemia imakhala m'mitundu yayikulu ndipo imagawika mu monogenic ndi polygenic.
- Mitundu ya Monogenic imadziwika ndi kukula kwa dyslipidemia chifukwa cholandila jini losalongosoka la mwana kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi lomwe limadwala matendawa, kapena kwa onse nthawi imodzi.
- Kukula kwa polygenic kwa dyslipidemia kumatsimikiziridwa osati kokha ndi cholowa cha jini losalongosoka, komanso ndi zovuta zoyipa zachilengedwe.
Zofunika! Njira yachiwiri ya dyslipidemia ndi yovuta kwambiri kudziwa, chifukwa choti zimachitika mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha matenda ena aliwonse omwe wodwala ali nawo.
Matenda akuluakulu omwe angayambitse izi kapena mtundu wa dyslipidemia wa pathogenetic ndi awa:
- matenda a shuga;
- hypothyroidism;
- mitundu yonse yamatenda amtundu wa chiwindi.
Kuzindikira kwa "alimentary dyslipidemia" zimatengera chitsimikiziro chokwanira cha kudya mafuta a cholesterol limodzi ndi chakudya. Dyslipidemia yamtunduwu imatha kukhala yochepa, pomwe cholesterol imangokhalitsa kwakanthawi kochepa, ndipo izi zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kamodzi mafuta ambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, dyslipidemia amapezeka pokhapokha kuwonjezeka kwazigawo za cholesterol m'magazi. Ndipo izi ngakhale zili choncho kuti gawo lalikulu la anthu padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi matenda amisala.
Zizindikiro
Dyslipidemia amapezeka yekha mu labotale. Pazifukwa izi, matenda amatha kuzindikirika kokha potengera umboni wa labotale. Chifukwa cha izi, zizindikiro zamatenda sizimakhala patsogolo.
Akatswiri odziwa ntchito, komabe, ngakhale atayang'anitsitsa wodwala yemwe wakhala akuvutika ndi dyslipidemia kwa nthawi yayitali, amatha kukayikira matendawa. Zizindikiro zachipatala zotere zimaphatikizira xanthomas - zisindikizo zazing'ono pakhungu. Malo okondweretsa a xanthomas ndi;
- m'mapazi ake;
- bondo ndi manja kulumikizana;
- zigawo zam'mbuyo.
Kuchuluka kwambiri kwa cholesterol, yomwe imafotokozedwa m'njira yazigawo zingapo, imayendera limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a xanthelasm. Awa ndi ma neoplasms achikasu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, omwe amapezeka pazikope. Ma Xanthelasms ali ndi mawonekedwe omata, ndipo zomwe zili mkati mwake ndi cholesterol.
Ndi chibadwa chokhala ndi dyslipidemia, chipolopolo cha lipoid chimachitika. Uwu ndi mzungu wopanda pake womwe umapezeka pamphepete kunja kwa cornea.
Ngakhale umphawi wa mawonetseredwe azachipatala, ndizotheka kuzindikira dyslipidemia ngakhale munthawi yapadera. Izi zikuphatikiza maphunziro osiyanasiyana.
Kusanthula kwodziwika kwambiri masiku ano, deta yomwe katswiri amayembekezera kuti apeza "dyslipidemia", ndi mbiri ya wodwala zam'mapapo. Mwa ichi akuti:
- kutsimikiza kwa ndende zosiyanasiyana mafuta cholesterol;
- kutsimikiza kwa kufunika kwa atherogenicity.
Zonsezi zikuwonetsa kuwopsa kwa matenda a atherosulinotic wodwala. Chifukwa chakuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu yamatenda a dyslipidemia ndi cholowa chamilandu, masiku ano kuyesa kwa majini ndikutanthauzira kwa mtundu wosalongosoka ndikuwunika koyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chida choyezera cholesterol ndikuyesera kunyumba.
Mitundu yamatenda
Kusankhidwa kwamitundu mitundu yamatendawa kumapangidwa pamaziko a kuchuluka kwa mafuta komwe kumakulitsidwa m'magazi a wodwalayo. Ma dyslipidemia onse amagawidwa padera komanso kuphatikiza.
- Kutalikirana - awa ndi omwe momwe ma lipoproteins, omwe ndi tizigawo ta cholesterol, amakulirakulira.
- Kuphatikizidwa - ndi dyslipidemia, kuphatikiza cholesterol, kuchuluka kwa triglycerides kumadziwikanso.
Njira yayikulu yosiyanitsira dyslipidemia ndiyo gulu la Fredrickson, malinga ndi momwe matenda am'magulu awa agawidwira m'mitundu isanu:
- Hereditary primary hyperchilomicronemia, mtundu wina wa 1 dyslipidemia. Matendawa amaphatikizidwa pokhapokha kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma chylomicrons, 90% ya triglycerides ndi 10% ya cholesterol. Ndikulimbikitsa kuti kusinthasintha kwa dyslipidemia sikungakhale kofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa zotupa za mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi.
- Mtundu wachiwiri wa dyslipidemia umadziwika kokha ndi kuchuluka kwa ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri okhudzana ndi tizigawo ta cholesterol yokhala ndi atherogenicity yayikulu. Matenda amtunduwu ndi a polygenic, popeza kupezeka kwa vuto lochepa kwa magazi kumafuna kuphatikizika kwa majini omwe ali ndi cholowa komanso zolakwika zachilengedwe. Khalidwe lodziwika la mtundu wa 2 dyslipidemia ndichakuti wodwalayo samangokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins otsika, komanso mlingo wa triglycerides.
- Mtundu wachitatu wa dyslipidemia amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a wodwala wodziwika kwambiri wa lipoproteins a kachulukidwe kochepa kwambiri, izi zimayendera limodzi ndi zotupa zam'matumbo amtundu wam'matumbo.
- Ndi mtundu wachinayi, kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins ochepa kwambiri kumasonyezedwanso. Koma mu nkhani iyi, izi zimachitika osati chifukwa chobadwa nawo, koma chifukwa chamabanja.
- Mtundu wachisanu wa dyslipidemia ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma chylomicrons m'magazi, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatendawa omwe ali ndi vuto la dyslipidemic m'magulu apadziko lonse lapansi, pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda awa. Komabe, kwa 10 mcb dyslipidemia ili ndi code imodzi E78.
Chithandizo
Njira zochizira komanso zodzitetezera zomwe zimayikidwa pakuchotsa zizindikiro za matendawa ndizosiyanasiyana. Samangokhala pakukonzanso mankhwala, komanso kutsatira malangizo a wazakudya, pakusintha kwamachitidwe.
Tcherani khutu! Malangizo osagwirizana ndi mankhwala omwe amayenera kukhala osokoneza bongo akuyenera kuwonedwa onse ndi mitundu ya cholowa cha matenda (pofuna kuteteza kupitilirabe), komanso ndi mawonekedwe akachiwiri. Zochizira yachiwiri ya dyslipidemia, pamafunika kuchotsa koyambirira komwe kumachitika, ndiye kuti matenda a matenda oopsa.
Mndandanda wawukulu wamankhwala wofunitsitsa kutsitsa cholesterol ndipo zigawo zake zosiyanasiyana ndizotsatizana za bile acid ndi ma statins, mapiritsi a cholesterol. Kuwongolera milingo yayitali kwambiri ya lipoprotein ndi triglycerides, micrate ndi nicotinic acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mankhwala omwe ali m'gulu la statin ndi maantioconic a monocaline, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zina za enzyme, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga magawo a cholesterol ndi chiwindi.
Mankhwalawa Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Pravastatin, omwe ali m'gulu lachiwonetsero, amapangidwa lero pogwiritsa ntchito njira zazing'ono komanso zopangira. Chithandizo cha dyslipidemia ndi ma statins limodzi ndi kuchepa kwama cholesterol kwanthaŵi yayitali osati wamba komanso cholesterol yotsika kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri kupewa matenda a arteriosulinosis.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito ma statins ulinso chifukwa chakuti chithandizo choterechi sichimangokhala ndi zotsatira za lipid-kuchepetsa, komanso zotsatira zoyipa, mu mawonekedwe a kusintha pantchito yolembera njira zoponderezera m'matumbo.
Ngati monotherapy yokhala ndi ma statins sikubweretsa zotsatira zabwino, zovuta zochizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ma sequestrants a bile acid, mwachitsanzo, Colestipol kapena Cholestyramine mu mlingo wa 4 g. patsiku pakamwa.
Gulu la mankhwalawa limakhudza mwachindunji kapangidwe ka cholesterol. Izi zimachitika powonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma asidi a bile kuchokera mthupi ndi kupangika kwina kuchokera ku tizigawo ta cholesterol.
Chofunika kwambiri cha hypertriglyceridemia ndi matenda amtundu wamtundu wathunthu ndizotsutsana kwathunthu ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala a bile acid. Mu hypertriglyceridemia yokhayokha, ma fibrate amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, ciprofibrate - 100 mg / tsiku.
Chifukwa chakuti gululi la mankhwalawa lingayambitse miyala ya cholesterol m'matumbo a gallbladder, odwala onse omwe akhala akutenga ma fibrate kwa nthawi yayitali ayenera kumadutsa ultrasound pafupipafupi.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mtundu wa 5 dyslipidemia ukuphatikizidwa ndi kapamba, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nicotinic acid - 2 g / tsiku.
Koma mankhwalawa ali ndi zoyipa zomwe sizimalola kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nicotinic acid polimbana ndi dyslipidemia. Momwe zimachitidwira zimawonetsedwa ngati kufiyira khungu pakhungu ndi mutu.
Malangizo pazakudya
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa masinthidwe azakudya za wodwala omwe ali ndi vuto lililonse la dyslipidemia cholinga chake ndi:
- kuthetseratu kwa chiopsezo cha kuchitika ndi kupitilira kwa mtima ndi mtima;
- matenda a shuga;
- kusintha kwa milingo ya lipid;
- thrombophlebitis prophylaxis.
Gulu lomwe likuika pachiwopsezo cha dyslipidemia limaphatikizapo anthu omwe amakhala ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, chifukwa chake, chithandizo choyambirira ndicho njira yodziwika yomwe wodwala amadya. Ndondomeko ya kadyedwe ikunena kuti zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za wodwala yemwe ali ndi dyslipidemia ziyenera kuchepetsa kwambiri kudya nyama.
Zopangidwa ndi nyama zimaloledwa kuphatikizidwa m'zakudya kamodzi pa sabata, ndikuti pofuna kupatsa mphamvu thupi ndi mapuloteni, nsomba zam'madzi ziyenera kudyedwa pazovomerezeka. Mndandanda wa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la dyslipidemic ayenera kukhala wolemera mu zipatso ndi masamba omwe ali ndi michere yofunika komanso CHIKWANGWANI.
