Pakadali pano ku Russia kuli anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10 omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga. Matendawa, monga mukudziwira, amakhudzana ndi kuphwanya kwa insulin ndi maselo a kapamba, omwe amachititsa kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi.
Kuti wodwalayo azikhala ndi moyo wathanzi, amafunika kubayira jakisoni tsiku lililonse.
Masiku ano zinthu zili choncho kuti pamsika wama mankhwala opanga mankhwala opitilira 90 peresenti ndi mankhwala opangidwa kunja - izi zimagwiranso ntchito pa insulin.
Pakadali pano, dziko lino likuyang'anizana ndi ntchito yakwanthito yopanga mankhwala ofunikira. Pachifukwachi, masiku ano zoyesayesa zonse zimapangidwa kuti kupanga insulin ya m'nyumba ikhale analogue yoyenerera ya mahomoni odziwika apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amapangidwa.
Kumasulidwa kwa insulin yaku Russia
Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse lalimbikitsa kuti mayiko omwe ali ndi anthu opitilira 50 miliyoni adzipanga okha kupanga insulini kuti odwala matenda ashuga asamavutike ndi mahomoni.
Zaka zaposachedwa, mtsogoleri wopanga mankhwala opangidwa ndi majini mdziko muno akhala ali Geropharm.
Ndi iye, yekhayo ku Russia, yemwe amapanga ma insulins apakhomo mu mawonekedwe a zinthu ndi mankhwala. Pakadali pano, insulin Rinsulin R yochepa-pang'ono ndi insulin Rinsulin NPH imapangidwa pano.
Komabe, kwakukulu, kupanga sikukhalira pamenepo. Pokhudzana ndi momwe ndale zilili mdziko muno komanso zakayikiridwa pazopanga zakunja, Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin adalangiza kuti atenge nawo mbali zonse pantchito yopanga insulini ndikuwunikira mabungwe omwe alipo.
Amakonzedweranso kuti apange zovuta zonse mumzinda wa Pushchina, momwe mitundu yonse ya mahomoni idzapangidwe.
Kodi Russian insulin idzalowe m'malo mwa mankhwala achilendo
Malinga ndi kuwunika kwa akatswiri, pakadali pano dziko la Russia silikupikisana nawo kumsika wapadziko lonse wopanga insulin. Opanga zazikulu ndi makampani atatu akuluakulu - Eli-Lilly, Sanofi ndi Novo Nordisk. Komabe, zaka zopitilira 15, insulin yakunyumba itha kubwezeretsa pafupi 30-30 peresenti ya kuchuluka kwa mahomoni onse omwe amagulitsidwa mdziko muno.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbali yaku Russia idakhazikitsa kale ntchito yopereka dzikolo ndi insulin yake, pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi mayiko ena.
Kupanga kwa mahomoni kunayambitsidwa nthawi ya Soviet, koma kenako insulin yoyambira nyama inapangidwa, yomwe sinali yoyeretsa kwambiri.
Mu 90s, kuyesayesa kunapangidwa kuti apange dongosolo la kupanga ma genetic engineering insulin, koma dzikolo linayang'anizana ndi mavuto azachuma, ndipo lingaliro lidayimitsidwa.
Zaka zonsezi, makampani aku Russia adayesera kupanga mitundu yambiri ya insulin, koma zinthu zakunja zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu. Masiku ano, mabungwe omwe ali okonzeka kuti atulutse katundu wapakhomo wayamba kuonekera. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi kampani ya Geropharm yomwe tafotokozazi.
- Kukhazikitsidwa kuti akamanga chomera m'chigawo cha Moscow, mitundu yamakono ya mankhwala ashuga ipangidwa mdziko muno, yomwe mokhoza kupikisana ndi ukadaulo wa Western. Mphamvu zamakono za chomera chatsopano ndi zomwe zilipozi zimalola kupanga mpaka 650 kg pazinthu chaka chimodzi.
- Kupanga kwatsopano kukhazikitsidwa mu 2017. Nthawi yomweyo, mtengo wa insulin udzatsika kuposa anzawo akunja. Pulogalamu yotere imathetsa mavuto ambiri pantchito ya matenda ashuga a dziko lino, kuphatikizapo zachuma.
- Choyamba, opanga azithandizira kupanga ma ultrashort ndi mahormoni okhalitsa. Pakupita kwa zaka zinayi, mzere wathunthu wa maudindo onse anayi udzamasulidwa. Insulin idzapangidwa m'mabotolo, makatiriji, matayala otayika komanso osinthika.
Kaya izi zilidi choncho zidzadziwika pambuyo poti pulogalamuyi ikhazikitsidwe ndikuwunika koyambirira kwa mankhwala atsopano kuwonekera.
Komabe, iyi ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri, motero nzika zaku Russia siziyenera kuyembekeza kuti zitha kulowa nawo mwachangu.
Kodi mahomoni opanga zoweta ali ndiubwino wanji?
Zotsatira zoyenera komanso zosavulaza za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimawerengedwa kuti zimapangidwa ndi majini amtundu wa insulin, omwe amafanana ndi thupi ndi mahomoni oyambira.
Poyesa magwiridwe antchito komanso abwino a insulin Rinsulin N komanso a insulin Rinsulin NPH, kafukufuku wasayansi adachitika omwe adawonetsa kutsika kwa shuga wamagazi mwa odwala ndi kusapezeka kwa zotsatira zoyipa nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi Russia.
Kuphatikiza apo, zitha kudziwika kuti zitha kukhala zothandiza kwa odwala kudziwa momwe angatulutsire inshuwaransi ya insulin yaulere, lero izi ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Phunziroli lidakhudza anthu 25 odwala matenda ashuga azaka 25-58, omwe adapezeka ndi matenda a shuga 1. Mwa odwala 21, mawonekedwe owopsa a matendawa adawonedwa. Aliyense wa iwo tsiku lililonse amalandira mlingo woyenera wa insulin ya ku Russia komanso yakunja.
- Mlingo wa glycemia ndi glycated hemoglobin m'magazi a odwala akamagwiritsa ntchito analogue yapakhomo amakhalabe wofanana monga momwe amagwiritsira ntchito mahomoni opanga achilendo.
- Masautso a antibodies nawonso sanasinthe.
- Makamaka, ketoacidosis, thupi lawo siligwirizana, kuukira kwa hypoglycemia sikunachitike.
- Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mahomoni panthawi yopenyerera anali kuperekedwa m'njira imodzi ngati panthawi yovomerezeka.
Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku adachitika kuti awonetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetsiso wamagazi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Rinsulin R ndi Rinsulin NPH. Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pogwiritsa ntchito insulin yopanga zoweta ndi zakunja.
Chifukwa chake, asayansi adazindikira kuti odwala matenda ashuga amatha kusinthidwa kukhala mitundu yatsopano ya insulin popanda zotsatirapo zake. Poterepa, mulingo komanso mtundu wa makonzedwe amakuluwo amakhazikika.
M'tsogolomu, kusintha kwa mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito momwe thupi limayang'anira ndikotheka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Rinsulin NPH
Hormone iyi imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuchitira. Amadzipangira mwachangu m'magazi, ndipo liwiro limatengera mlingo, njira komanso madera oyang'anira mahomoni. Mankhwala akaperekedwa, amayamba kuchita mu ola limodzi ndi theka.
Mphamvu yayikulu imawonedwa pakatha maola 4 ndi 12 italowa thupi. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi maola 24. Kuyimitsidwa ndi koyera, amadzimadzi pawokha alibe khungu.
Mankhwala amathandizidwa ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, komanso amavomerezedwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda panthawi yapakati.
Contraindations akuphatikiza:
- Kusalolera kwa aliyense payekha kwa chinthu chilichonse chomwe chili mbali ya insulin;
- Kukhalapo kwa hypoglycemia.
Popeza mahomoni sangalowe pazotchinga, palibe zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa panthawi yapakati.
Mukamayamwitsa, amaloledwanso kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni, komabe, atabereka mwana ndikofunikira kuti aziwunika kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndipo, ngati pakufunika, muchepetseni.
Insulin imayendetsedwa mosavuta. Mlingo wofotokozedwa ndi dokotala, kutengera mtundu wa matendawo. Wapakati tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 0,5-1 IU pa kilogalamu ya kulemera.
Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pawokha komanso molumikizana ndi ma Rinsulin R.
Musanalowe mu insulin, muyenera kupukutira cartridge kangapo pakati pa kanjedza, kuti misa ikhale yopanda pake. Ngati thovu lakhazikika, ndikosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwakanthawi, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa mlingo woyenera. Komanso, simungagwiritse ntchito timadzi tokhala ngati muli ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso ma flakes ochokera kumayiko ena.
Kukonzekera kotseguka kumaloledwa kuti kusungidwe kutentha kwa madigiri 15-25 kwa masiku 28 kuyambira tsiku lotseguka. Ndikofunikira kuti insulin isungidwe kutali ndi dzuwa ndi kutentha kwina.
Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, hypoglycemia imayamba. Ngati kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi ndi kofatsa, vuto losafunikira lingathetsedwe mwa kumeza zakudya zotsekemera zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri. Ngati vuto la hypoglycemia limakhala lalikulu, 40% shuga imaperekedwa kwa wodwala.
Kuti mupewe izi, mukatha kudya muyenera kudya zakudya zamafuta kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Rinsulin P
Mankhwalawa amagwira insulin pang'ono. M'mawonekedwe, ndizofanana ndi Rinsulin NPH. Itha kuthandizidwa mosasamala, komanso mu intramuscularly komanso kudzera m'mitsempha moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Mlingo wake umafunikanso kuvomerezana ndi adokotala.
Homoni italowa thupi, kachitidwe kake kamayamba mu theka la ola. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumawonedwa munthawi ya maola 1-3. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi maola 8.
Insulin imathandizidwa hafu ya ola lisanadye kapena kuwala pang'ono ndi chakudya china. Ngati mankhwala amodzi okha amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a shuga, Rinsulin P amathandizidwa katatu patsiku, ngati kuli koyenera, mlingowo ungathe kuwonjezeka mpaka katatu pa tsiku.
Mankhwala amathandizidwa ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, komanso kuwonongeka kwa kagayidwe kazinthu monga mankhwala mwadzidzidzi. Contraindication imaphatikizapo kusalolera kwa mankhwalawo, komanso kukhalapo kwa hypoglycemia.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, khungu siligwirizana, kuyabwa pakhungu, kutupa, komanso kawirikawiri anaphylactic.
