Chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda a shuga chikuwonjezeka zaka khumi zilizonse. Pakadali pano, anthu opitilira 400 miliyoni akhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga kukukula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chisamaliro chachipatala, ndipo chiyembekezo cha moyo wa anthu chikuchulukirachulukira. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda opita patsogolo, popanda chithandizo chofunikira, mosavomerezeka amachititsa kuti wodwalayo amwalira, mavuto atayamba. Koma chitukuko cha sayansi sichimayima, koma chikuyambitsidwa mwachangu pantchito zamankhwala. Chifukwa chake, chiyembekezo cha moyo chikuchulukirachulukira, makamaka m'maiko otukuka. Tsopano ndizochepa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi za anthu ena ndipo ndi zaka 62 kwa amuna ndi zaka 57 kwa akazi.

Si mitundu yonse yamatenda yomwe imakhudza kutalika kwa moyo chimodzimodzi. Matenda a shuga omwe amadya insulin, omwe amatha kukhala amtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri, amabweretsa zovuta mwachangu, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kuyendetsa shuga m'magazi. Ngati matendawa amathandizidwa ndi mapiritsi, ndiye kuti kuthekera kwa moyo wautali ndikokwera kwambiri. Komabe, m'zaka za zana la 21, njira zatsopano zowathandizira odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la insulin (mtundu 1 wa shuga) amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kuti aziyembekeza zaka zosangalala zambiri.

Zomwe zimakhudza chiyembekezo cha moyo

Chofunikira chomwe chimawonetsa kuti wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga azikhala moyo wa glycemia (glucose wamagazi). Mokulira, ndiye kuti matendawa amakula mosavuta komanso chifukwa chokulirapo kwa zovuta. Oopsa kwambiri mwa iwo ndi omwe amakula kwambiri ndipo amatha kupha mwadzidzidzi. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• ketoacidosis ndi vuto lomwe matupi a ketone amadziunjikira m'magazi;
• hypoglycemia - kuchepa kwambiri kwa ndende ya magazi, komwe kumayambitsa kusayenera, ndipo pamapeto pake, kukomoka;
• Hyperosmolar chikomokere - vuto lomwe limaphatikizidwa ndi kusakwanira kwamadzimadzi kulowa m'thupi la wodwalayo ndi kufooka kwa madzi m'thupi;
• lactic acidosis ndiko kudzikundikira kwa lactic acid m'magazi chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa elekitirodi pamaso pa mtima kapena kulephera kwaimpso.

Mavuto aliwonse omwe ali pachiwopsezo chambiri atha kubweretsa kukomoka, ndipo kutuluka mu vutoli ndikovuta kwambiri ngati simukuyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Komabe, zovuta ngati izi pakali pano ndizosowa kwambiri, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikuwunika kwa wodwalayo osati iye yekha, komanso ogwira ntchito zachipatala a polyclinics ndi zipatala.

Nthawi zambiri, mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda amabweretsa kuchepa kwa zaka zomwe amakhala ndi moyo, zomwe zimayamba pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa glycemic control. Owopsa kwambiri mwa iwo ndi awa:

• nephropathy - kuwonongeka kwa impso, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya ntchito yawo;
• microangiopathy - vuto ndi zotengera, zomwe zimatsogolera pakupanga necrosis ya malekezero, zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kugunda kwamtima ndi stroke;
• encephalopathy - kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu pakutsutsa mkhalidwe wake;
• polyneuropathy ndi njira yamatsenga yomwe imaphwanya mwayi wodziyimira pawokha wa munthu.
• ophthalmopathy - kumabweretsa khungu;
• kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira - kumayambitsa kuphatikiza kwa matenda osokonezeka (chibayo, erysipelas, endocarditis)

Nthawi zambiri zovuta zingapo zimaphatikizana, zomwe zimakulitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Momwe mungakulitsire chiyembekezo cha moyo

Kuwongolera moyo wabwino ndikuwonjezera nthawi yake, zinthu ziwiri zazikulu ziyenera kukumbukiridwa: kukonza njira yakhalidwe ndi kasamalidwe ka glycemic mosamala. Kuti muthe kuthana ndi vuto loyamba, sikufunika kuchita zambiri.

• Kuchepetsa thupi. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Mapiritsi ena amathandizira kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi, monga metformin, koma ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe a zakudya. Kuchepetsa chakudya chamagulu omwera, kuwonjezera njira zakumwa, upangiri wa olemba zakudya - zonsezi zithandizira kuwunikira bwino.
• Kuchulukitsa zolimbitsa thupi. Ndi matenda a shuga, mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi minofu minofu umachepetsedwa. Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mopepuka komanso moyenera kumakulitsa chizindikirochi, chomwe chingathandize kuchepetsa zovuta za kuchepa kwa insulin. Chiwerengero chokwanira cha katundu, komanso zolimbitsa thupi zofunikira, chimafotokozedwa bwino ndi wophunzitsa othandizira olimbitsa thupi.
• Katemera Njira yabwino yopewera kukumana ndi ma virus ndi mabakiteriya ndi malo okhala. Koma moyo wabwino udzakhala wotsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, anthu adzayenera kupita kumisonkhano, ngakhale osati kawirikawiri. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chamthupi. Kudya mavitamini, echinacea, kapena mankhwala apadera pakulangizidwa ndi wamankhwala kumathandizira chitetezo chamthupi.
• Makhalidwe abwino. Mokulira zomwe zili mu mahomoni achisangalalo (endorphin) mthupi, ndizomwe zimalimbana ndi matendawa, motero, zovuta zazing'onoting'ono zimabuka. Kulankhulana ndi abwenzi, kuseka, maubale apabanja, komanso kugonana nthawi zonse kumathandiza.
• Njira zopewera kupewa ngozi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndikofunika kupewa mabala, abrasions ang'onoang'ono, ndipo zikafika, nthawi yomweyo gwiritsirani khungu ndi antiseptic mpaka kuchira kwathunthu.

Mkhalidwe wachiwiri wofunikira kwambiri wowonjezera kukhala ndi moyo ndikuwongolera mwamphamvu kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kusankhidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi insulin kumachitika ndi endocrinologist, m'mizinda yayikulu kuli akatswiri omwe amathandizana ndi matendawa - odwala matenda ashuga. Sayansi siyimilira - zida zatsopano zapangidwa kuti azilamulira glycemia ndi njira zoperekera insulin m'mwazi. Awa ndi ma glucometer osavulaza omwe amapereka chitsimikizo chotsimikizika cha shuga popanda kupweteka pakhungu pachala, komanso mapampu a insulin. Omalizawa amapereka insulin yosasokonezeka pambuyo pokhazikitsa pamimba. Zotsatira zake, moyo wabwino umayenda bwino kwambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumawerengeredwa ndi kompyuta yomangidwa, kutengera magawo a zakudya.

Mankhwala atsopano akuwonekeranso kuti azithandiza kuchepetsa kukonzanso kwa shuga m'magazi. Awa ndi ma insulin omwe amagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali (glargine, lispro), omwe amafunika jakisoni imodzi kokha patsiku, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kuti azitha kuyendetsa prandial (mutatha kudya) glycemia (dongo) kapena mankhwala apakamwa aposachedwa omwe amathandizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose ndi minofu (thiazolidinediones).

Opaleshoni sikuyimirira. Njira zothandizira kwambiri matenda ashuga zikuwoneka ndipo zikuyambitsidwa mwachangu, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupatsirana kwa kapamba kapena kusinthanitsa kwa mabungwe ang'onoang'ono a Langerhans. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchiritse odwala matenda ashuga kwathunthu, chifukwa ayamba kupanga insulini yake yomwe.

Pomaliza

Chifukwa chake, moyo wa wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga ukhoza kukhala wautali komanso wachimwemwe. Kuti muchite izi, ndikukwanira kusintha pang'ono zomwe mumachita, kuzolowera matenda anu, ndikuwonera pafupipafupi akatswiri. Ndipo mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala amakono ndi ma opaleshoni, pali mwayi wothana ndi matenda athu onse.

Chithunzi: Depositphotos