Anthu odwala matenda ashuga, monga anthu onse athanzi, samadwalanso chifukwa chofunikira kuchitidwa opareshoni. Pankhaniyi, funso lenileni limabuka: kodi ndizotheka kuchita opareshoni ya matenda ashuga?
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amadziwika ndi kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a kagayidwe ka chakudya m'thupi. Chowoneka chamatsenga cha bodza chimakhala chakuti chadzaza ndi zovuta zingapo.
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amadwala matenda opatsirana omwewo monga anthu ena. Komabe, ali ndi chizolowezi chokhala ndi njira zotupa komanso zotupa, atachitidwa opaleshoni, matendawo amafooka.
Kuphatikiza apo, opareshoniyo imatha kupangitsa kusintha kwa mtundu wa shuga kukhala njira yotsimikizika, komanso kukhazikika kwa glucose ndi glucocorticoids kwa odwala omwe amakhudza maselo a beta otsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa ntchito, pali zambiri zazomwe zimachitika, pali kukonzekera.
Ndikofunikira kulingalira momwe matenda a shuga ndi opaleshoni amaphatikizidwira, ndipo ndi mikhalidwe iti yomwe ingafunikire kuti athandizire? Kodi kukonzekera njirayi ndikuti, ndipo odwala amachira bwanji? Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti opaleshoni ndiyotani?
Opaleshoni ndi mfundo zake zokhudzana ndi matendawa
M'pofunika kunena nthawi yomweyo kuti matenda awomwewo sikuti akutsutsana ndi opareshoni. Chofunika kwambiri chomwe chiyenera kuwonedwa musanachitike njirayi ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa matendawa.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ntchito zitha kugawidwa modabwitsa komanso kosavuta. Mapiko amatha kutchedwa, mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa msomali woloza pachala, kapena kutsegula kwa chithupsa. Komabe, ngakhale ntchito zosavuta kwambiri za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ziyenera kuchitika mu dipatimenti yochita opaleshoni, ndipo sizingachitike mwachangu.
Opaleshoni yokhazikitsidwa ndi yoletsedwa ngati palibe chindapusa cha matenda ashuga. Poyamba, amafunikira kuchita zochitika zonse zomwe cholinga chake ndi kulipira matenda omwe amayambitsidwa. Zachidziwikire kuti, izi sizikugwira ntchito pamilandu pomwe nkhani yamoyo ndi imfa ikathetsedwa.
Kutsutsana kotheratu kwa opaleshoni kumawerengedwa kuti ndi vuto la matenda ashuga. Choyamba, wodwalayo ayenera kuchotsedwa pamavuto akulu, kenako ndikuchita opaleshoni.
Mfundo za mankhwalawa zothandizira odwala matenda a shuga ndi awa:
- Ndi matenda ashuga, gwiritsani ntchito msanga momwe mungathere. Ndiye kuti, ngati munthu ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, ndiye, monga lamulo, samazengereza kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuchita opareshoni.
- Ngati ndi kotheka, sinthani nthawi yoyeserera kuti izikhala nyengo yachisanu.
- Imapanga kufotokoza kwatsatanetsatane kwa matenda a wodwala winawake.
- Popeza chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana chikuchulukirachulukira, kulowererapo kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki.
Chikhalidwe cha matendawa asanachitike opaleshoni ndikupanga mbiri ya glycemic.
Ntchito Zokonzekera
Matenda a shuga mu opaleshoni ndi milandu yapadera. Aliyense wodwala matenda a shuga omwe akuchita opaleshoni, komanso makamaka mwachangu, ayenera kupimidwa kuyesedwa kwa magazi.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amafunika jakisoni wa mahoni asanachitike opaleshoni. Njira zochizira mankhwalawa ndizovomerezeka. Masana, mahomoni amaperekedwa kwa odwala kangapo. Monga lamulo, kuyambitsa kwake ndikofunikira kuyambira katatu mpaka kanayi.
Ngati njira ya matenda ashuga imakhala yovuta, kapena vuto limakhala lalikulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti mahomoni amalowetsedwa kasanu patsiku. Tsiku lonse, shuga wamagazi amayeza mwa odwala.
Kuchita insulin mwachidule kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kuperekera insulin pakati, koma mwachindunji madzulo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti isanalowererepo payekha, kusintha kwa timadzi tomwe timafunikira pakufunika.
Kukonzekera opaleshoni kumaphatikizapo zakudya zapadera zomwe zimadalira matenda opatsirana, komanso matenda a shuga. Wodwala akangosagwirizana, amapatsidwa kumwa madzi ambiri momwe angathere.
Zokonzekera:
- Ngati pambuyo pa opaleshoni wodwalayo sangathe kubwerera pazakudya zonse, ndiye kuti asanalowe, theka la muyezo wa insulin limaperekedwa.
- Pambuyo pa mphindi 30, njira ya shuga imayambitsidwa.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mankhwala ochititsa chidwi amatsogolera ku chakuti thupi la munthu limafunikira insulini yambiri kuposa masiku onse. Mphindi ino iyenera kukumbukiridwa popanda kuchitidwa opareshoni.
Njira zoyenera kuti wodwala apange opaleshoni:
- Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi. Chodziwika mu nkhaniyi ndi magawo 8-9. Muzochitika zingapo, zizindikiro mpaka magawo 10 ndizovomerezeka, izi zimagwira ntchito kwa odwala omwe adwala kale kwanthawi yayitali.
- Palibe shuga kapena acetone mkodzo.
- Kutsika magazi.
Madzulo a kuchitapo kanthu pa 6 am glucose control in the body. Ngati wodwala ali ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti mayunitsi am'matimu atatu a insulin amaphatikizidwa (shuga ndi magawo 8-12), pamene shuga ndiwokwera kwambiri, kuposa magawo 12, ndiye kuti magawo 8 a insulin amalowa.
Kukonzanso, opaleshoni: mawonekedwe
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, pali zina zofunika kuchita pakukonzanso. Choyamba, shuga m'magazi amawongolera kangapo patsiku. Kachiwiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.
Mtundu wa matenda a shuga 1, kuchira popanda insulin yoyendetsera sizingatheke. Izi zingayambitse wodwala kukhala acidosis. Ndipo pokhapokha nthawi zochepa kwambiri pomwe shuga ya shuga yokhazikika itha kukhalabe m'gulu lino la odwala.
Insulin imayendetsedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono osakwana 8, kangapo patsiku, kuphatikiza 5% shuga. Kuyesedwa kwa mkodzo kumayenera kuchitika tsiku lililonse, chifukwa kuthekera kwa maonekedwe a matupi a ketone mmenemo sikutsutsidwa.
Pafupifupi patsiku la chisanu ndi chimodzi, ngati wodwalayo adatha kukhazikika, chindapusa cha matenda a shuga chimasungidwa, chitha kusamutsidwa monga chizolowezi chokhazikitsidwa ndi mahomoni, ndiko kuti, omwe adatsatira asanagulidwe.
Pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni, wodwalayo amatha kusamutsidwira ku sulfonylurea mankhwala, koma patatha masiku 25-30. Malinga kuti machilitso adayenda bwino, mavutowo sanapweteke.
Zomwe zingachitike mwadzidzidzi:
- Ndizovuta kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, chifukwa chake amasankhidwa payekhapayekha, kutengera kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo.
- Kuwongolera shuga m'magazi kumapangidwanso pakuchita opaleshoni ngati kumatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa maola awiri.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, msoko uchira pang'ono pang'ono kuposa mwa anthu wamba. Ngakhale zowopsa zakukula kwakanthawi kotsatila, ndimankhwala okwanira ndikutsatira malingaliro onse, zonse zichira. Kuchira kotupa kumayakika, koma sikofunikira kuti muphatikize ngati wodwala akufuna kuti athe kuchira bwinobwino.
Pochita opaleshoni, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa zizindikiritso m'magazi a wodwala. Shuga amatha kuchuluka kwambiri, zomwe zingasokoneze kupititsa patsogolo kulowererapo.
Zomwe zimaphatikizira mtsempha wa magazi: ndikofunikira kusankha kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa; ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kupanga opareshoni kwakanthawi kochepa; hemodynamics iyenera kuyang'aniridwa, chifukwa odwala matenda ashuga samalola kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Ndi kulowererapo komwe njira yake imachedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, opaleshoni yama michere yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Ndi ake omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amaloledwa bwino, shuga sadzauka.
Adawonjezera matenda ashuga komanso opareshoni
Izi zimachitika kuti wodwalayo amafunika kuchitidwa opareshoni motsutsana ndi maziko osaperekera chipukuta matendawa. Mu mawonekedwe awa, kulowererapo kumalimbikitsidwa motsutsana ndi maziko azinthu zomwe zingathetse ketoacidosis.
Izi zitha kuchitika ngati milingo ya insulin yosinthika mosamalitsa imaperekedwa kwa odwala. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma alkali m'thupi la wodwala ndikosayenera chifukwa kumayambitsa zotsatira zambiri.
Odwala amatha kuwonjezera shuga, pali intracellular acidosis, kusowa kwa calcium m'thupi, ochepa hypotension, komanso mwayi wa edema yamatumbo umakulanso.
Ngati mtengo wa asidi uli pansipa zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndiye kuti bicarbonate ya sodium ingathe kutumikiridwa. Zimafunikira kuti pakapezeke mpweya wabwino mthupi. Poyerekeza ndi maziko awa, chithandizo cha antibacterial chikulimbikitsidwa, makamaka kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi.
Insulin yovomerezeka imayambitsidwa (kupindika), muyenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kuphatikiza apo, mahomoni omwe amagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali amaperekedwa, koma glycemic control imakhalabe.
Ntchito za matenda ashuga
Opaleshoni ya metabolism ndi njira yothandizira opaleshoni yomwe imathandizira kubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito a metabolic. Kutengera maphunziro ambiri, "opaleshoni ya m'mimba" ndiyofunika kuyang'anira.
Ngati muchita opaleshoni yotere ya shuga, muthanso kusintha magazi m'thupi pamagulu ofunikira, kuchepetsa kulemera kokwanira mpaka pakufunika, ndikuchotsa kudya kwambiri (chakudya chimalowa mu leum, kudutsa matumbo ang'onoang'ono).
Kafukufuku ndi ziwonetsero zikuwonetsa kuti chithandizo chamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda a shuga ndichothandiza kwambiri, ndipo mu 92% yazovuta kupulumutsa odwala kuti asamwe mankhwala.
Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njirayi siyosinthika, opaleshoni imachitika kudzera mwa laparoscopy. Izi zimachepetsa mwayi wazovuta, kukhazikika kwa njira zotupa.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukonzanso sikumatenga nthawi yayitali, opaleshoni yomwe idachitidwa siyisiya zipsera, wodwala sayenera kukhala m'chipatala nthawi yayitali.
Mawonekedwe a ndondomekoyi ndi awa:
- Pali zoletsa zaka za njirayi - zaka 30-65.
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin sikupitilira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
- Zochitika zamatenda osaposa zaka 10.
- Glycated hemoglobin siyingayende bwino.
- Mndandanda wamankhwala owonjezera pa 30, mtundu 2 shuga.
Ponena za kuchuluka kwaimfa, ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi machitidwe "azikhalidwe". Komabe, izi zimangogwira ntchito kwa odwala omwe matupi awo amamukulu kuposa 30.
Chifukwa chake, opaleshoni yolimbana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndizotheka. Itha kuchitika mu mitundu yayikulu ya matenda. Chachikulu ndichakuti mukwaniritse chiphuphu chambiri kapena chochepa pobweza matendawa kudzera mukukonzedwa kuchipatala.
Kuchitapo kanthu kumafunikira dokotala wa opaleshoni woyenereradi komanso opaleshoni yofunikira, pomwe kuli kofunikira kwambiri kuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili ponseponse. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akukamba za opaleshoni ya shuga.
