Ndi zaka, abambo nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto amtundu uliwonse, nthawi zambiri amakhudzana ndi njira yolakwika ya moyo, kunenepa kwambiri, kupsinjika, komanso kutengera kwa chibadwa.
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayipa kwambiri zimatchedwa matenda a shuga, pambuyo pa zaka 50, pazaka zambiri, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umayamba. Thanzi la wodwalayo limadalira kwambiri kuzindikira kwake vutoli komanso kulandira chithandizo chambiri.
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine, amakhala zotsatira za hyperglycemia, pomwe ndende ya glucose imachulukitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndi pathology mwa anthu, njira za metabolic m'thupi zimasokonekera, ziwalo ndi machitidwe sizigwira ntchito moyenera.
Zinthu zikhoza kukulirakulira ngati bambo sakufuna kukaonana ndi dokotala, anyalanyaza kudzutsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimanyalanyazidwa, kuwonongeka msanga kwa thanzi kumapangidwa ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya, kutopa kwa ntchito ndi kupsinjika.
Zizindikiro ndi zotsatira za matenda ashuga mwa amuna
Matenda a shuga amayamba pang'onopang'ono, poyamba munthu amapezeka ndi matenda am'malire otchedwa prediabetes. Pankhaniyi, kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kwachitika kale, koma osatinso kuti mukhale ndi matenda ashuga. Popita nthawi, pali kuchepa kwa kulolera kwa glucose.
Zizindikiro zowoneka za matenda a shuga zikuwoneka kale pomwe kusintha kosasintha kwachitika chifukwa cha mtima ndi machitidwe ena. Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ashuga mwa munthu kuyambira wazaka 50 mpaka 60 chidzakhala kusintha posachedwa kwa kulemera kwa thupi, zonse ziwiri panjira yochepetsera kunenepa komanso kukulira. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto lofananalo adzakumana ndi:
- ndi ludzu;
- kukodza pafupipafupi;
- kamwa yowuma
- kukoma kosasangalatsa kwazitsulo.
Pophwanya njira za kagayidwe kachakudya, khungu la nkhope ndi manja limachitika. Nthawi zambiri bambo amawona matenda oyamba ndi fungus mkamwa mwake, pakhungu la miyendo yake, furunculosis. Ngati matenda a shuga akukulira, adzayambitsa kufooka kwambiri, limodzi ndi kumva kutopa, chizungulire.
Njira ya pathological, makamaka yopanda chithandizo chokwanira, imabweretsa kufooka kwakukulu kwa chitetezo chamthupi, chomwe chidzadziwonetsa ngati matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi. Amuna omwe ali ndi hypoglycemia amadwala khungu louma lomwe limayamba chifukwa cha kuyanika kwambiri pakhungu. Kuphatikiza apo, mabala m'thupi amachira nthawi yayitali kuposa masiku.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga mwa amuna ndi izi:
- kusintha kwa zizolowezi zakudya (kuchuluka kwa zakudya zotsekemera, zosavuta kudya);
- kusintha mu machitidwe a psycho-maikutlo (kusintha kwamkati, mantha, kukhumudwa);
- chisokonezo cha kugona, mutu.
Mwa bambo wazaka 51-55, motsutsana ndi matenda ashuga, zovuta zina zogonana zimachitika, matendawa amayambitsa kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa testosterone (mahoni akuluakulu amuna). Zotsatira zake, kuyendetsa kugonana ndikuyika potency kutha. Komanso, pakuchepa kwa magazi kulowa kumaliseche, kusabala kumayenda pang'onopang'ono, mwamunayo amakhala wosabereka.
Madokotala ati kutsitsa shuga m'magazi okha sikungathandize pa matenda ashuga, kuwonetsa mphamvu zomwe zasonyezedwa:
- kuchepa thupi;
- onjezerani zolimbitsa thupi;
- kumwa mankhwala kuti magazi azisintha.
Kuphatikizika kwa matenda ashuga mwa munthu kumakhala kuwonongeka kwakuthupi - matenda a retinopathy. Chifukwa cha shuga wambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, mitsempha yamagazi m'maso imavulala, ndipo kulephera kwamkati kumamveka. Pakapita nthawi, ma retina amatha kutuluka, amakula m'mimba, ndipo magalasi amaso amakhala amitambo. Ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, bambo atha kusiya kuwona ndi matenda ashuga.
Kuphatikiza pa maso, impso za wodwalayo zimavutika, glomeruli, tubules zimawonongeka, ndipo nephropathy imachitika. Matendawa amatha kupitilizidwa m'magawo angapo, gawo loyambirira limatha kudziwika chifukwa cha mayeso apadera a labotale. Nephropathy imatha kukhala zaka zambiri. Popanda chithandizo choyenera, kulephera kwa impso kumachitika.
Njira yodutsira m'mitsempha pakapita kanthawi imafika ku ubongo, pomwepo imayambitsa encephalopathy, maselo amitsempha akamwalira, magazi amayenderera. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimayenera kutchedwa kupweteka mutu, kuchepa kwa mgwirizano, kutopa msanga.
Amuna ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga popanda chithandizo amauza zovuta m'miyendo yawo, mwachitsanzo, zilonda zam'mimba za matenda ashuga.
Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga?
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 50 ziyenera kukhala chifukwa chothandizira msanga kwambiri kuchipatala. Ndipo muyenera kudziwa kuti mtundu wa matenda ashuga (latent) a shuga ungachitike popanda zizindikiro konse, nkovuta kuzizindikira ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi kafukufuku:
- mkodzo
- magazi.
Chizindikiro chizindikiritso pamenepa ndikuphwanya kukhululuka kwa shuga. Kuyeza kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi wokhazikika wowona ngati mukupangitsa kafukufuku pamimba yopanda kanthu m'chipatala.
Kusintha kusinthasintha kwa zala kudzathandiza kukayikira pawokha kupezeka kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Dystrophy ya tendons siyilola kuti manja azilumikizidwa mwanjira yoti zala zonse zakumanja zikhale zolumikizana molimba. Panthawi yoyesedwa, zala za wodwala matenda ashuga wazaka makumi asanu zimawerama kotero kuti ma pads awo amangogwira.
Njira yachiwiri yopezera matenda a shuga ndikukweza chala chachikulu mpaka madigiri 50. Ngati bambo wadwala, izi zitha kubweretsa mavuto akulu. Pakakhala kosatheka kung'amba chala pansi, izi zikuwonetsa kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa kagayidwe kachakudya.
Zowopsa za Matenda A shuga
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimatha kukhala cholowa cham'tsogolo. Mmodzi wa makolo akadwala matenda a shuga a 2, mwayi wokhala cholandirira ndi mwana ukhala pafupifupi 70%. Ngati makolo onse akudwala, mwayi wokhala ndi mwana wa shuga ndi 100%.
Mwamuna wonenepa kwambiri wazaka 53-56 amakhalanso pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a carbohydrate metabolism, matenda opatsirana amatha kuyamba matenda a shuga:
- hepatitis;
- chimfine
- pox;
- rubella.
Mavuto omwe timakumana nawo pafupipafupi, moyo wosatekeseka, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi sikutiopsa.
Mosasamala kanthu kuti pali zizindikiro za matenda a shuga kwa amuna, madokotala amalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kuti odwala azaka zopitilira 50-52 amapereka magazi pachaka chaka chilichonse.
Ngati boma la mzere wapezeka munthawi yake, pafupifupi 70% ya milandu ilipo mwayi woletsa kupititsa patsogolo kwa matenda ashuga.
Chithandizo
Dziwani kuti kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga sikuyenera kumwedwa kwambiri. Nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kuchepetsa matendawa chifukwa chamadyedwe abwino.
Komabe, amuna ambiri amakakamizidwa kumwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic, pomwe izi sizokwanira, adokotala amafotokozera jakisoni wa insulin. Izi zimachitika kuti insulini iyenera kuvulazidwa ndi mankhwala ena kuti matenda a shuga akhale magazi. Chaka chilichonse chithandizo chatsopano cha matenda a shuga chimawonekera, komabe, kuwongolera matendawa kumakhalabe vuto lalikulu. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino osabweretsa panthawi yomwe chithandizo chikufunika, koma kupewa matenda ashuga.
Chithandizo cha hypoglycemia chimaphatikizapo:
- mwatsatanetsatane kuwunika shuga ndende, thupi;
- kutsatira zakudya zotchulidwa;
- kukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera.
Mankhwala a shuga amakhala ndi jakisoni wa insulin, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Pamene shuga imapereka chiwonetsero cha kukanika kwa erectile, adokotala amalimbikitsa ambiri mankhwalawa: makapisozi, mapiritsi, suppositories.
Mwamuna aliyense wazaka 54-59 ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti matenda ashuga si matenda oopsa, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino ndi iye. Popewa zovuta zoyipa, muyenera kutsatira malamulo omwe amakupatsani shuga wamagazi mkati mwa nthawi zonse. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akupitiliza mutu wa mavuto a shuga.
