Chaka chilichonse, ziwerengero za WHO pa matenda a shuga zimachulukirachulukira, ndipo izi ngakhale zimachitika kuti anthu amafa chifukwa cha matendawa amatenga malo achitatu. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kunenepa kwambiri komanso kupitirira zaka 65. Mtundu woyamba umapezeka mwa odwala chifukwa cha kutengera kwa chibadwa, kapena chifukwa cha matenda am'mbuyomu, monga zovuta.
Kukhala ndi matendawa, matupi athu onse amagwidwa, ndipo ngakhale kuzizira kofala kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zina ku thanzi la wodwala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala nthawi yabwino kuti akalandire chithandizo. Inde, pakadwala, nthawi zambiri, mwa odwala matenda ashuga, ma ketoni amapezeka mkodzo, zomwe zimawonetsa kusakhazikika kwa insulin m'magazi, zomwe pambuyo pake zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Ambiri odwala matenda ashuga samapereka chidwi choyenera akakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, koma izi ndizolakwika. Chizindikiro chotere chimatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa matenda oopsa mwa odwala, omwe amayambitsa vuto la mtima, stroko, komanso kuduladula malekezero.
Pansipa idzafotokozeredwe bwino mutu wa matenda ashuga ndi matenda oopsa, zomwe zimayambitsa kupezeka kwake, zotsatirapo zake, zakudya zamtundu wanji zofunika pa matenda oopsa komanso maphikidwe a mankhwala ena omwe amaperekedwa.
Matenda oopsa komanso chithandizo
Hypertension imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa magazi. Ndipo ngati munthu wathanzi ali ndi chizindikiro cha matendawa, chiwonetserochi ndi 140/90, ndiye kuti wodwala matenda ashuga malowa ndi otsika - 130/85.
Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa mu shuga mellitus yamtundu uliwonse ziyenera kutumizidwa ndi adokotala. Kupatula apo, chitsimikizo chachikulu cha kupambana ndikukhazikitsa molondola zomwe zimayambitsa matendawo. Ndi mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2, zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha matenda oopsa chizikhala chofunikira, pansipa zaperekedwa mndandanda.
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga:
- Diabetesic nephropathy (matenda a impso) - mpaka 82%.
- Matenda oopsa (ofunikira) - mpaka 8%.
- Isolated systolic hypertension - mpaka 8%.
- Matenda ena a endocrine dongosolo - mpaka 4%.
Ndi matenda a shuga a 2:
- Matenda oopsa - mpaka 32%.
- Isolated systolic hypertension - mpaka 42%.
- Matenda a shuga - nephropathy - mpaka 17%.
- Kuphwanya patency ya ziwiya za impso - mpaka 5%.
- Matenda ena a endocrine dongosolo - mpaka 4%.
Matenda a diabetes nephropathy ndi dzina lodziwika la matenda osiyanasiyana a impso omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zotupa za m'mitsempha yamagazi ndi ma tubules omwe amadyetsa impso. Apa mutha kuyankhulanso za matenda a shuga a impso.
Isolated systolic hypertension ndi khalidwe, kuwonekera mu ukalamba, zaka 65 ndi akulu. Zimatanthawuza kukwera kwa magazi a systolic.
Matenda oopsa (ofunika), pomwe adotolo sangathe kukhazikitsa choyambitsa cha kukakamizidwa. Nthawi zambiri kuzindikira kumeneku kumaphatikizidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa ngati wodwalayo amalola kudya zakudya zamagulu, ndikusintha zakudya zake ndi zolimbitsa thupi.
Malingaliro a matenda oopsa ndi matenda ashuga, makamaka mtundu 1, ndiogwirizana. Monga tikuwonera pamndandanda womwe uli pamwambapa, zomwe zimayambitsa kupsinjika ndikuwonongeka kwa impso. Amayamba kwambiri kuchotsa sodium m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwamadzi. Kuchuluka kwa magazi ozungulira ndipo, motero, kumakulitsa kupanikizika.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati wodwala samayang'anira bwino kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, izi zimapangitsanso kuwonjezeka kwamadzimadzi m'thupi pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera ndipo izi zimaphatikizira mtolo wowonjezera pa impso. Kenako, impso sizigwirizana ndi katundu wake ndipo pazomwe zimapangitsa wodwalayo kulandira kufa kwa glomeruli (zinthu zosefera).
Ngati simukuthandizira kuwonongeka kwa impso pa nthawi yake, ndiye kuti imalonjeza kuti itha kulephera kwa impso. Therapy imakhala ndi izi:
- Kutsitsa magazi.
- Kutenga zoletsa za ACE, mwachitsanzo, enalapril, spirapril, lisinopril.
- Kulandila kwa angiotensin receptor blockers, mwachitsanzo, Mikardis, Teveten, Vazotens.
- Kutenga diuretics, mwachitsanzo, Hypothiazide, Arifon.
Matendawa amadutsa matenda a impso. Pakupezeka matenda a aimpso kulephera, wodwalayo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi ndi nephrologist.
Ndi matenda oopsa komanso matenda ashuga, wodwala matenda ashuga amawirikiza kawiri pachiwopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana - kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko ndi kuwonongeka pang'ono.
Matenda oopsa komanso chithandizo
Matenda a arterial mu shuga mellitus ndi chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa, omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi mpaka 140/85. Chiwopsezo cha matenda oopsa m'matenda a shuga ndiwambiri kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa mwa anthu athanzi. Komanso, atapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, matendawa amawonekera pokhapokha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka khumi ndi zitatu.
Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa mu shuga mellitus zimakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito ACE inhibitors (Enalapril, Lisinopril). Simuyenera kusankha nokha mankhwala, chifukwa ena a iwo amawonjezera shuga. Ndi mankhwala aliwonse, mndandanda wamankhwala umawonetsedwa kwa endocrinologist.
Ma diuretics amakhazikikanso:
- Diacabr.
- Amiloride.
Poyamba, onse mankhwalawa amathandizidwa mu Mlingo wocheperako, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka, kuti azitha kuona chithunzithunzi cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. M'masabata ochepa oyamba, ntchito yayikulu ndikukwaniritsa momwe mulili wagahena (kuthamanga kwa magazi).
Mulingo woyipa wa gehena kwa odwala matenda ashuga udzakhala 140/90, kenako, chizindikirocho chikutsikira ku 130/85. Nthawi yochizira odwala matenda ashuga wodwala aliyense amatengera wodwala aliyense payekhapayekha, koma kwa milungu inayi, ndipo atha kuphatikizira mankhwala awiri kapena angapo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Mankhwala a nyerere, wodwala matenda ashuga amateteza matenda ambiri a ziwalo zina - impso, mtima, kupenya.
Ndi matenda a shuga komanso matenda oopsa, ngozi ya matenda oopsa ingatheke. Mavuto azopanikizika amafunika kuyimbidwa mwadzidzidzi. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:
- Mutu waukulu.
- Kupuma pang'ono.
- Kupanikizika kukuwonjezeka kuposa 140 mm Hg. Art.
- Ululu pachifuwa.
- Kubweza
- Zingwe.
- Nthawi zina - sitiroko, chikumbumtima chosazindikira.
Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthawi yomweyo matenda a ar and shuga mellitus amayenera kuthandizidwa pokhapokha amayang'aniridwa ndi kusanza.
Zakudya za matenda oopsa
Zakudya za matenda a shuga a 2 komanso matenda oopsa ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo angapo ofunikira. Choyamba, kutumikiraku kuyenera kukhala kocheperako, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zakudya kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana kasanu mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku.
Malinga ndi WHO, odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 amakhala onenepa kwambiri pa 75% ya anthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa kuphatikiza shuga m'magazi, kuchepetsa cholesterol ndikubweretsa thupi moyenera.
Izi zimachotsa kudya kwamafuta ambiri, ngakhale mndandanda wawo wa glycemic ndi zero. Amakhala ndi mafuta ndi mafuta ambiri palokha. Mndandanda wamtundu wa glycemic ndi chisonyezo cha zotsatira za chinthu china ukatha kumwa shuga.
Amaloledwa kudya chakudya chochepa, ndipo nthawi zina cholozera chapakati pa glycemic, mndandanda wokwera umaletsedwa. Nawu malangizo:
- Kufikira 50 PIECES - otsika;
- Mpaka 70 mayunitsi - sing'anga;
- Kupitilira 70 mayunitsi - okwera.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amaloledwa kumwa tiyi wakuda ndi khofi, koma ndi matenda oopsa, zakumwa izi ziyenera kuyiwalika. Amayambitsa kupanikizika kwamitsempha yamagazi, potero amawonjezera katundu pamtima. Mutha kupanga tiyi wama tangerine wathanzi, omwe amathandiza kuti muchepetse shuga wamagazi, muwonjezere chitetezo chamthupi ndikuchepetsa dongosolo lamanjenje.
Kwa amene akutumikirani muyenera peel ya mandarin imodzi. Iyenera kung'ambika pakati tizidutswa tating'onoting'ono ndikutsanulira 200 ml ya madzi otentha, mulole kuti ifuse kwa mphindi zinayi. M'chilimwe, pamene nyengo sino mandarin, mutha kumumwa zakumwa zoterezi, zouma komanso zophwanyika kale mu chopukutira kapena khofi. Kutengera supuni ziwiri za ufa pakudya tiyi.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa shuga ziyenera kuphatikizapo masamba ndi zipatso, komanso michere yazomwe nyama zimachokera. Saladi ndi mbale zakumbuyo zimatha kukonzedwa kuchokera ku masamba. Masamba Ololedwa:
- Squash;
- Nkhaka
- Phwetekere
- Anyezi;
- Garlic
- Tsabola wobiriwira ndi wofiira;
- Broccoli
- Ma lent lent brown;
- Kaloti (zatsopano);
- Kholifulawa.
Kuchokera pa zipatso:
- Mphesa
- Sitiroberi zamtchire;
- Blueberries
- Makangaza;
- Maapulo
- Zipatso za citrus (ndimu, mphesa, mandarin, lalanje);
- Blueberries
- Cranberries
- Cherry
- Cur cur ofiira ndi akuda;
- Cherry wokoma
Ndikofunikanso kuphatikiza mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa mkaka muzakudya tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi mafuta ochepa - kefir, mkaka wowotchera, yogati, tchizi chochepa kwambiri. Nyama kusankha mitundu yamafuta ochepa, kuchotsa khungu kwa iwo - nkhuku, nkhuku, osati ng'ombe. Mukhozanso kudya nyama yotseka - chiwindi cha nkhuku. Amaloledwa kudya dzira limodzi lowiritsa tsiku lililonse, kapena gwiritsani ntchito kukonza kanyumba tchizi casseroles.
Kuchokera ku mbewu monga chimanga, mutha kuphika mbale zam'mbali za nyama, koma osamamwa ndi mkaka, chifukwa chake musaphike mkaka wamkaka. Mbale zimasankhidwa motere:
- Buckwheat;
- Perlovka;
- Mpunga wa bulauni (bulauni), loyera pansi pa chiletso, uli ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic.
Kuphatikiza pazinthu zomwe zasankhidwa bwino, musaiwale za malamulo amathandizidwe awo kutentha. Kupatula apo, ngati mumeta nkhuku yololedwa kuchokera pamndandanda, ndiye kuti GI yake imachulukirachulukira, ndipo cholesterol yosafunikira ilowa m'thupi.
Chithandizo chotentha choterechi chimaloledwa:
- Kuphika nthunzi.
- Kusenda pamadzi, ndikuwonjezera pang'ono mafuta a masamba (azitona, mpendadzuwa, alimbane).
- Mu microwave.
- Wophika pang'onopang'ono - machitidwe "ozimitsa".
- Pa grill.
- Wiritsani.
Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, monga woyamba, muyenera kudya madzi osachepera malita awiri patsiku. Koma ndibwino kuwerengetsa mlingo malinga ndi zopatsa mphamvu za tsiku ndi tsiku, pamlingo wa 1 calorie wofanana 1 ml yamadzimadzi.
Pali lamulo lofunika - zipatso zimayenera kudyedwa m'mawa, chifukwa zimakhala ndi shuga ndipo zimafunikira nthawi kuti zitheke. Ndipo nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya izi ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi za munthu.
Zosankha zamasiku:
- Chakudya cham'mawa: saladi wa zipatso wokometsedwa ndi 100 ml ya kefir.
- Chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri: buwheat, dzira limodzi lophika, nkhaka yatsopano.
- Chakudya chamasana: msuzi wamasamba, mkaka wankhuku yophika ndi masamba mphodza.
- Zovuta: kanyumba tchizi ndikuphatikizidwa kwa zipatso zouma (ma apricots zouma, zoumba zouma zoumba mphesa, amaloledwa).
- Chakudya chamadzulo: saladi wamasamba, chiwindi cha nkhuku.
Chakudya chomaliza chimayenera kuchitika osachepera maola awiri asanagone.
Zithandizo za anthu
Chinsinsi chodziwika bwino cha matenda oopsa chimaphatikizapo adyo, kuchokera mndandanda wamndandanda wotsika wa glycemic womwe umaloledwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Ndi chithandizo chake, tincture wosavuta wakonzedwa. Nthawi imodzi mudzafunika ma clove atatu odulidwa, omwe ali ndi kapu ya madzi owiritsa.
Chowongolera ichi chimatsalira kwa maola 12 - 13. Ndikwabwino kukonzekera madzi a adyo usiku, kuti m'mawa mumwe chakumwa chochiritsa ndikukonzekera gawo lina madzulo. Tengani kawiri patsiku, pakadutsa maola 12. Maphunzirowa akhale mwezi umodzi.
Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito adyo watsopano kawiri patsiku anati kuchuluka kwa matenda oopsa kumacheperachepera, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika ndi 5%.
Chinthu china chotchuka chomwe chimathandizira kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi ma conine ofiira ofiira. Ayenera kusungidwa kuyambira Juni mpaka Julayi. Mudzafunika 1 lita imodzi ya mainiini a pine, omwe amathiridwa ndi 40 vodika ndikuwupereka kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Pambuyo pake, kulowetsedwa kumasefedwa kudzera mu cheesecloth ndipo mwakonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito. Imwani supuni ziwiri theka la ola musanadye, katatu patsiku. Amaloledwa kuyambitsa kulowetsedwa m'madzi ochepa.
Musanagwiritse ntchito maphikidwe aliwonse a anthu, muyenera kufunsa katswiri wa endocrinologist. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuwuzani zoyenera kuchita ndi kuthinana kwambiri komanso matenda ashuga,
