Kupereka magazi kwa glucose ndikofunikira kuphunzira kuti mudziwe zamomwe zimayambira ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, kuwukira kwa pheochromocytoma. Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumachitika ndi matenda a mtima omwe akuwakayikira, systemic atherosulinosis, asanagwire ntchito, njira zowukira zomwe zimachitika pochita opaleshoni yayikulu.
Shuga yovomerezeka imaperekedwa kuti iwonetsetse momwe chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chikuyendera, ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a kapamba, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kubadwa kwatsopano. Anthu ambiri amawonetsedwa kutenga magazi a shuga pamayeso awo azachipatala apachaka.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala chiwonjezeko cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga, lero odwala pafupifupi mamiliyoni 120 amalembetsedwa mwalamulo padziko lonse lapansi, m'dziko lathuli muli osachepera 2,5 miliyoni odwala. Komabe, ku Russia, odwala 8 miliyoni akhoza kuyembekezeredwa, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatuwa silikudziwa za matenda awo.
Kuwunika kwa kuwunika
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zokwanira, muyenera kukonzekera bwino mayesowo, kusungidwa kwa magazi kumachitika nthawi zonse pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti maola opitilira 10 adutsidwe kuchokera pakudya. Asanapendekeze, kupsinjika, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kusuta fodya kuyenera kupewedwa. Zimachitika kuti sampuli yamagazi a shuga imachitika kuchokera m'mitsempha yamaubalo, izi zimachitika ngati kuwunika kwa biochemical kwachitika. Kungoona shuga m'magazi a venous ndikosatheka.
Nthawi zambiri, mulingo wa glucose wamkulu uyenera kukhala kuchokera 3.3 mpaka 5.6 mmol / lita, chizindikiro ichi sichiri chodalira jenda. Ngati magazi adatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha kuti awunikidwe, shuga yothamanga imayambira 4 mpaka 6.1 mmol / lita.
Gawo lina la muyezo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito - mg / deciliter, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha 70-105 chidzakhala chizolowezi pakupereka magazi. Kusamutsa zizindikilo kuchokera pagawo limodzi kupita kwina, muyenera kuchulukitsa zotsatira za mmol ndi 18.
Nthawi zonse ana amakhala osiyana malinga ndi zaka zake.
- mpaka chaka - 2.8-4.4;
- mpaka zaka zisanu - 3.3-5.5;
- Patatha zaka zisanu - chikufanana ndi wamkulu.
Pa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, mayi amapezeka ndi shuga 3.8-5.8 mmol / lita, ndikupatuka kwakukulu kuchokera kuzizindikiro izi zomwe tikukamba za matenda ashuga kapena kuyambika kwa matendawa.
Pamene shuga pamwambapa 6.0 ikufunika kuchita mayeso ndi katundu, pitani mayeso owonjezera.
Kulekerera kwa glucose
Zizindikiro pamwambapa za shuga zamagazi ndizofunikira pakufufuza pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mukatha kudya, shuga amawonjezereka, amakhalabe pamalo okwera kwakanthawi. Tsimikizani kapena kupatula matenda ashuga amathandizira popereka magazi ndi katundu.
Choyamba, amapereka magazi kuchokera pachala chala pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako wodwalayo amapatsidwa njira yothetsera shuga, ndipo patatha maola awiri phunziroli limabwerezedwa. Njira iyi imatchedwa mayeso a glucose kulolerana (dzina lina ndi mayeso olimbitsa thupi la glucose), zimapangitsa kudziwa kukhalapo kwa mtundu waposachedwa wa hypoglycemia. Kuyesedwa kumakhala koyenera ngati mukukayikira zotsatira za kusanthula kwina.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri munthawi yomwe kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha shuga, osamwa, osadya, osagwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi, osagonjera pamavuto ena.
Zizindikiro zoyeserera ndizo:
- pambuyo pa ola limodzi - osapitirira 8.8 mmol / lita;
- pambuyo 2 maola - zosaposa 7.8 mmol / lita.
Kusakhalapo kwa matenda a shuga mellitus amatsimikiziridwa ndi kusala kwamwazi wamagazi a 5.5 mpaka 5.7 mmol / lita, maola 2 atatha shuga - 7.7 mmol / lita. Pankhani ya kuloleza kwa glucose, shuga othamanga adzakhala 7,8 mmol / lita, mutatha - kuchokera 7.8 mpaka 11 mmol / lita. Matenda a shuga amatsimikiziridwa ndi glucose othamanga opitilira 7.8 mmol, shuga atayamba kudulira chizindikiritsochi chimakwera pamwamba pa 11.1 mmol / lita.
Mlozera wa hyperglycemic ndi hypoglycemic umawerengeredwa pamaziko a zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi, komanso pambuyo pakutsitsa shuga. Mlozera wa hyperglycemic sikuyenera kuti ukhale wapamwamba kuposa 1.7, ndipo mndandanda wa hypoglycemic osapitirira 1.3. Zotsatira zoyesedwa magazi ndizabwinobwino, koma mafakisoni akuchulukirachulukira, munthu ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda ashuga posachedwa.
Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amafunikiranso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yokhala ndi glycated, sayenera kupitirira 5.7%. Chizindikirochi chimathandizira kukhazikitsa mtundu wa chipepeso cha matenda, kusintha mankhwalawa.
Kuti mutsimikizire matenda a shuga, magazi satengedwa kuti awunike, chifukwa pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingapereke zotsutsana.
Zotheka kupatuka pamachitidwe
Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa wodwala kumatha kuchitika mutatha kudya, kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, zochitika zamanjenje, ndi matenda a kapamba, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Zofananazi zimachitika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena:
- mahomoni;
- adrenaline
- Thyroxine.
Pankhani ya kulolerana kwa shuga, kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitikanso.
Kutsika kwa glucose kumachitika mwa odwala matenda a shuga, ngati atamwa mankhwala okwera shuga, amathanso kudya, ndipo pali insulin yambiri.
Ngati mutenga magazi kuchokera kwa munthu wopanda matenda a shuga, glucose amathanso kuchepetsedwa, izi zimachitika pambuyo pakusala kudya nthawi yayitali, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kupha poizoni ndi arsenic, chloroform, gastroenteritis, kapamba, zotupa m'mimba, komanso pambuyo pa opaleshoni pamimba.
Zizindikiro za shuga wambiri zidzakhala:
- kamwa yowuma
- kuyabwa kwa khungu;
- kuchuluka kwamkodzo;
- kulakalaka kudya, njala;
- kusintha kwakukulu mu miyendo.
Kuwonetsedwa kwa shuga ochepa kumakhala kutopa, kufooka kwa minofu, kukomoka, konyowa, khungu lozizira, kukwiya kwambiri, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima, mpaka kufooka kwa hypoglycemic.
Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amachititsa kuti shuga azingokhala wamphamvu, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'anira pafupipafupi, makamaka ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choyezera shuga. Zimakupatsani mwayi wambiri wolamulira glycemia kunyumba. Mita ndiyo njira yodalirika kwambiri yodziyesera nokha.
Njira yowunikira ndi yosavuta. Malo omwe magazi amatengedwa kuti asungidwe shuga amathandizidwa ndi antiseptic, ndiye kuti amagwiritsa ntchito zofukiza kuti akhomerere chala. Dontho loyamba la magazi liyenera kuchotsedwa ndi bandeji, ubweya wa thonje, dontho lachiwiri limayikidwa pamzere woyezera womwe udayikidwa mu mita. Gawo lotsatira ndikuwunika zotsatira.
Munthawi yathu, matenda ashuga asanduka matenda wamba, njira yosavuta kwambiri yodziwira, kupewa kuyenera kuyesedwa magazi. Potsimikizira kuti wapezeka ndi dokotala, dokotalayo amakupangira mankhwala kuti achepetse shuga kapena kubayirira insulin.
