Kupereka magazi ndi mwayi wopulumutsa moyo wa munthu wina pogawana madzi ofunika kwambiri mthupi lathu. Masiku ano, anthu ochulukirachulukira akufuna kudzipereka, koma amakayikira ngati ali oyenera kugwira nawo ntchitoyi komanso ngati angapereke magazi.
Si chinsinsi kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana monga hepatitis ya mavairasi kapena kachilombo ka HIV saloledwa kupereka magazi. Koma ndikotheka kukhala wopereka chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, chifukwa matendawa sapereka kwa munthu wina, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangathe kuvulaza wodwala.
Kuti tiyankhe funsoli ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa vutoli mwatsatanetsatane ndikumvetsetsa ngati matenda oopsa nthawi zonse amakhala olepheretsa chopereka cha magazi.
Kodi wodwala matenda ashuga angakhale wopereka magazi
Matenda a shuga samawonetsedwa ngati cholepheretsa pakupereka magazi, komabe, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kudwala kwamtunduwu kumasintha kuchuluka kwa magazi a wodwalayo. Anthu onse omwe akudwala matenda ashuga amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kotero kutsegula kwambiri ndi wodwala kungamupangitse kudwala kwambiri kwa hyperglycemia.
Kuphatikiza apo, odwala matenda a shuga a mitundu yonse 1 ndi mtundu 2 amapanga insulin kukonzekera, komwe nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa insulin yambiri m'magazi. Ngati ilowa m'thupi la munthu yemwe samadwala matenda a carbohydrate metabolism, kuphatikizira insulin kotereku kumatha kudzetsa hypoglycemic, womwe ndi vuto lalikulu.
Koma zonsezi pamwambapa sizitanthauza kuti munthu wodwala matenda ashuga sangakhale wopereka, chifukwa simungathe kungopereka magazi, komanso plasma. Kwa matenda ambiri, kuvulala ndi maopaleshoni, wodwala amafunikira kuikidwa magazi, osati magazi.
Kuphatikiza apo, madzi a m'magazi ndi njira yachilengedwe chonse, popeza ilibe gulu la magazi kapena chinthu cha Rhesus, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupulumutsa odwala ambiri.
Plasma ya Donor imatengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya plasmapheresis, yomwe imachitidwa m'magazi onse aku Russia.
Kodi plasmapheresis ndi chiyani?
Plasmapheresis ndi njira yomwe ma plasma okha ndi omwe amachotsedwa posankha kwa wopereka, ndipo maselo onse amagazi monga maselo oyera am'magazi, maselo ofiira am'magazi ndi mapulateleti amabwezedwa.
Kuyeretsa magazi kumalola madotolo kuti apange chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri, chokhala ndi mapuloteni ofunikira, omwe ndi:
- Albuminomy
- Ma Globulins;
- Fibrinogen.
Kupanga koteroko kumapangitsa madzi a m'magazi kukhala chinthu chapadera kwambiri chomwe sichili ndi fanizo.
Ndipo kuyeretsedwa kwa magazi komwe kumachitika munthawi ya plasmapheresis kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kutenga nawo gawo pazoperekazo ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi loperewera, mwachitsanzo, ndi matenda a shuga 2.
Mukamachita izi, 600 ml ya plasma amachotsedwa kwa woperekayo. Kutumiza voliyumu yotere ndikotetezedwa kwa woperekayo, komwe kwatsimikiziridwa mu maphunziro angapo azachipatala. Popita maola 24 otsatira, thupi limabwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa madzi a m'magazi.
Plasmapheresis si zovulaza thupi, koma m'malo mwake zimamupindulitsa. Panthawi imeneyi, magazi a munthu amatsukidwa, ndipo kamvekedwe ka thupi kamayamba kukula kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda a shuga a fomu yachiwiri, chifukwa ndi matendawa, chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, poizoni wambiri umapezeka m'magazi a munthu, akupha thupi lake.
Madokotala ambiri akutsimikiza kuti plasmapheresis amalimbikitsa kukonzanso thupi ndi kuchiritsa, chifukwa chomwe woperekayo amakhala wolimbikira komanso wamphamvu.
Mchitidwewu pawokha ulibe kupweteka kwathunthu ndipo suchititsa munthu kusokonezeka.
Momwe mungaperekere plasma
Choyambirira chomwe chikufunika kuchitidwa kwa munthu amene akufuna kupereka madzi a m'magazi ndikupeza dipatimenti yoyang'anira magazi mumzinda wake.
Mukayendera bungweli, nthawi zonse muyenera kukhala ndi pasipoti yokhala ndi chilolezo chokhazikika kapena chanthawi yochepa mu mzinda wokhala, womwe uyenera kuperekedwa kwa regista.
Wogwira ntchito pakati amayesetsa kutsimikizira za pasipoti ndi chidziwitso, kenako ndikupereka funso kwa wopereka mtsogolo, momwe zidziwitso izi ziyenera kudziwitsidwa:
- Pafupifupi matenda onse opatsirana;
- Za kukhalapo kwa matenda osachiritsika;
- Pokhudzana ndi anthu aposachedwa omwe ali ndi matenda omwe ali ndi bakiteriya kapena matenda;
- Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse osokoneza bongo kapena a psychotropic;
- Za ntchito yopanga zoopsa;
- Pafupifupi katemera kapena ntchito zonse zidatumizidwa kwa miyezi 12.
Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 kapena mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonekera mufayilo. Palibe nzeru kubisa matenda ngati amenewa, chifukwa aliyense amene wapereka magazi amaphunzira mokwanira.
Monga taonera pamwambapa, kupereka magazi a matenda a shuga sikungathandize, koma matendawo sakhala chopinga popereka plasma. Pambuyo podzaza funsoli, wopereka mphatsoyo amatumizidwa kukayezetsa bwino, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuyezetsa magazi komanso kuthandizidwa ndi katswiri wamkulu.
Mukamayesedwa, dokotala amatenga zotsatirazi:
- Kutentha kwa thupi
- Kupsinjika kwa magazi
- Kufika pamtima
Kuphatikiza apo, wothandizirayo amafunsira woperekayo zaumoyo wake komanso za madandaulo ake. Zonse zokhudzana ndi thanzi la woperekayo ndi zachinsinsi ndipo sizingagawidwe. Itha kuperekedwa kwa woperekayo yekha, chifukwa adzafunika kukaona Center Center pambuyo pakupita koyamba.
Chisankho chomaliza pakuvomera kuti munthu apereke plasma chimachitika ndi munthu amene amamuuza kuti azichita. Ngati akukayikira kuti woperekayo atha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kapena kukhala ndi moyo wopanda tanthauzo, ndiye kuti akutsimikiziridwa kuti sangakanidwe ndi plasma.
Kutoleretsa kwa plasma kumalo amwazi kumachitika m'malo omwe angakhale omasuka kwa woperekayo. Amayikidwa pampando wopereka wapadera, singano imayikidwa mumtsempha ndikualumikizidwa ndi chipangizocho. Mwa njirayi, magazi omwe amaperekedwa ndi magazi amalowa mkati mwa zida, pomwe ma plasma amalekanitsidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa, zomwe zimabwereranso ku thupi.
Njira yonseyi imatenga pafupifupi mphindi 40. Mkati mwake, zida zokhazokha zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimathetseratu ngozi ya woperekayo kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda ena opatsirana.
Pambuyo pa plasmapheresis, woperekayo ayenera:
- Kwa mphindi 60 zoyambirira, pewani kusuta konse;
- Pewani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa maola 24 (zina zambiri zokhudzana ndi zochitika zam'magazi)
- Osamamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa tsiku loyamba;
- Imwani zakumwa zambiri monga tiyi ndi mchere wamadzi;
- Osayendetsa mwachangu mutayika plasma.
Mwathunthu, mkati mwa chaka chimodzi munthu akhoza kupereka mpaka malita 12 a madzi a m'magazi popanda kuvulaza thupi lake. Koma kukwera koteroko sikofunikira. Kuyika ngakhale malita 2 a plasma pachaka mwina kungathandize kupulumutsa moyo wa munthu. Tilankhula za zabwino kapena zoopsa za zopereka zomwe zili mu vidiyoyi.
