Matenda a shuga ayamba kudwala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu. Imapezeka mwa ana, achinyamata ndi achikulire. Odwala omwe ali ndi cholowa cholemedwa amakhala nawo akamakumana ndi matenda, mavuto akudya komanso kupsinjika.
Njira ya matenda a shuga imatengera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumalipiridwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera, momwe zakudya zomwe amalimbikitsidwira komanso zolimbitsa thupi zimawonedwera.
Odwala onse amafunitsitsa kuphunzira momwe angachepetse shuga m'magazi mu shuga. Njira yoyenera kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lofananalo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zomwe zingathandize kukhazikika kwa glycemia pamlingo womwe akufuna.
Kuchepetsa shuga
Kuchuluka kwa shuga mu shuga ndi chiwonetsero cha kusowa kwa insulin. Zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli mu mtundu 1 wa shuga ndikuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic ndi kuperewera kwathunthu kwa insulin. Kuti muchepetse shuga, muyenera kupangira insulin.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti odwala oterowo ayambe kulandira mankhwala a insulin mwachangu momwe angathere kuti apewe zovuta, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukomoka. Ndi ketoacidotic ndi hyperosmolar coma, odwala amatha kufa ngati satsitsa glycemia wawo. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kuwopsa kwa kutsekeka kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin kutsitsa shuga m'magazi a shuga ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yachangu kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, makonzedwe a kaperekedwe ka mankhwala, omwe ali ofanana kwambiri ndi zachilengedwe zotulutsa kapamba, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popitilira chithandizo.
Pachifukwa ichi, mitundu iwiri ya insulini nthawi zambiri imayikidwa - yayitali (nthawi yayitali), yomwe imalowa m'malo mwa chilengedwe, malo oyambira komanso kutsika shuga kwa maola 16 mpaka 24 kapena kuposerapo. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mankhwala atsopano - Tresiba insulin, yopangidwa ndi Novo Nordisk, amachepetsa shuga kwa magazi kwa maola 40.
Ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga amaphatikizidwa ndi achidule, omwe amathandizidwa musanadye, akhazikitse shuga m'magazi mutatha kudya zakudya zamatumbo. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kwa nthawi yayitali kumakhala ndi mapiritsi kapena njira yokhayo yothanirana ndi glycemia.
Momwe mungachepetse shuga m'magazi a shuga pogwiritsa ntchito insulin? Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi:
- Syringe ya insulin. Njira yachikhalidwe ya odwala matenda ashuga siyabwino kwambiri, koma yotsika mtengo.
- Cholembera. Njira yosavuta, pafupifupi yopweteka, yachangu.
- Pampu ya insulin. Makina ochita bwino okha, koma si aliyense angawonetse izi.
- Njira yoyesera ndi chigamba cha insulini chomwe chili ndi ma miconeedles, omwe ali ndi chidebe chomwe chili ndi insulin ndi ma enzyme omwe amayankha kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Magazi amachepetsa magazi
Kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi a shuga a mtundu 2 kumatheka ngati mumamwa mankhwala amkamwa. Ngati dokotala ali ndi ntchito - momwe angachepetsere shuga wamwazi, ndiye kuti odwala amapatsidwa mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la sulfanylurea: Manninil, Diabeteson MV, Amaril, Glimaks, Glyurenorm.
Iwo anali amodzi mwa oyamba kulembedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, koma pakadali pano mawonekedwe awo ogwiritsira ntchito ali ochepa, chifukwa amachititsa kuti chiwopsezo chamasulidwa inshuwaransi chifukwa cha kufinya. Choyambiranso chachiwiri ndichakuti mankhwalawa amatha kuchepetsa shuga.
Meglitinides nawonso ali m'gulu la othandizira a insulin secretion (chinsinsi), amathandizira kuchepa msanga kwa magazi kuposa ndalama zomwe zimachokera ku gulu la sulfanylurea, nthawi yawo yochita ndi yochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake amawongolera kuchuluka kwa glycemia komwe kumachitika mutatha kudya.
Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemia la mankhwalawa ndi chochepa, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amauza odwala okalamba. Repaglinide (NovoNorm) imatengedwa m'mawa komanso nthawi yachiwiri madzulo asanadye, 0.5 mg iliyonse, Starlix (nateglinide) imatha kumwa mphindi 10 musanadye chakudya chilichonse, 120-180 mg.
Njira zochokera ku gulu la Biguanides (Siofor, Metformin Sandoz) kutsitsa shuga m'magazi mwakuchepetsa mayamwidwe ake m'matumbo ndikupanga mamolekyulu atsopano m'chiwindi ndipo nthawi zambiri kuposa ena omwe amapatsidwa chithandizo cha matenda a shuga. Kukonzekera kwa Metformin kumakulitsa chidwi cha ma receptors ku insulin.
Zisonyezero zakuperekedwa kwa metformin mu matenda a shuga:
- Kunenepa kwambiri.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome.
- Matenda a shuga.
- Matenda a shuga.
Ndi chithandizo cha metformin, ndizotheka kuchepetsa zomwe zili ndi glycated hemoglobin, yomwe imawonetsa shuga wofotokozedwayo kwa miyezi itatu, popeza kutsika shuga chamagazi kwakanthawi kochepa sikokwanira kupewa zovuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito metformin kumathandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha myocardial infarction, komanso ziwopsezo za kufa.
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwalawa a matenda a shuga a hyperglycemia, mankhwala a alpha-glycosidase inhibitor ndi mankhwala. Mankhwalawa amalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa zovuta zamankhwala m'magazi, komanso kuyamwa kwa glucose kuchokera m'matumbo kulowa m'magazi. Izi zimaphatikizira acarbose (Glucobay), m'mawa womwe gawo la 50 mg limachulukana pang'onopang'ono, mpaka amabwera 300 mg patsiku.
Kukonzekera Januvia, Bayeta, Galvus ndi gawo latsopano la ma incretomimetics, omwe amachititsa kuti mahomoni apadera, ma insretins, matumbo.
Pa milingo yokhala ndi shuga kapena yokwezeka, mahomoni awa amalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ndi kutulutsidwa kwa insulin.
Zakudya zamagulu
Pochiza matenda a shuga, sizingatheke kuti muthane ndi mankhwala nokha, chifukwa sangathe kuteteza kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi mukamadya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu pang'ono. Zogulitsa zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera mofulumira komanso modabwitsa magazi siziyenera kupezeka m'zakudya za odwala, mosasamala mtundu ndi chithandizo cha matendawa.
Pankhaniyi, zakudya ndi shuga la magazi kukhazikika kwa phytopreparations, komanso zochitikazo zolimbitsa thupi zingakhale zokwanira kulipiritsa hyperglycemia m'magawo oyamba a matendawa.
Malamulo oyambira okonzekera chakudya cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga amadya mosamalitsa monga jakisoni wa insulin kapena mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, kudya pafupipafupi kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku, magawo ang'onoang'ono a chakudya chilichonse, komanso kugawa chakudya tsiku lonse.
Sizoletsedwa kuphatikiza pazosankha zomwe zimachepetsa shuga:
- Maswiti, shuga, uchi, zipatso zotsekemera.
- Zopera zoyera za ufa
- Mpunga, pasitala, semolina, zidzukulu.
- Mbale zokhazikitsidwa, zipatso zamzitini, zakumwa za shuga.
Popeza matenda ashuga asokoneza metabolism wamafuta, chakudyacho chimapereka choletsa kapena kupatula kwathunthu mafuta a nyama, zakudya yokazinga, mafuta ochokera ku nyama kapena nsomba, mafuta amkaka omanga, komanso mafuta ophikira. Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimaphatikizira mapuloteni athunthu pomwe amachepetsa zovuta zamafuta ndi mafuta a nyama.
Kuti mupatse thupi zakudya zamagulu amishuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphika supu zamasamba, masaladi kuchokera kumasamba atsopano ndi mafuta a masamba, nyama ndi nsomba zam'bale zamitundu yochepa yamafuta, masamba kapena zakudya zam'mbali.
Mndandanda wazinthu zololedwa zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi oat, buckwheat ndi barele wa ngale, nyemba. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito masamba osakhala okhuthala: zukini, mitundu yonse ya kabichi, nkhaka, phwetekere zosaphika, biringanya, tsabola ndi belu ndi Yerusalemu artichoke. Mutha kudya mkate wa rye, tirigu wathunthu kapena chinangwa.
Zopangira mkaka zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta apakatikati, mazira, zakudya zam'madzi, zipatso zopanda zipatso ndi zipatso zowawasa zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga. Zakudya za shuga zimaphatikizapo zakudya zochepa kapena mbale zokhala ndi shuga, komanso zakumwa monga mawonekedwe a tiyi wazitsamba, msuzi wa rose yamtchire, chicory.
Zakudya zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi zimaphatikizapo:
- Blueberries
- Mphesa
- Nthambi.
- Zonunkhira: ginger, sinamoni, turmeric.
- Anyezi.
Mwazi umachepetsa zitsamba
Kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwazitsamba mwanjira ya infusions kapena decoctions, tinctures ndi extracts mu chithandizo chovuta cha matenda osokoneza bongo kumathandizanso kukonza kagayidwe kazakudya ndi mafuta kagayidwe, kuwonjezera chidwi cha mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, komanso kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi popanda kuperewera kwa hypoglycemia.
Zomwe zimachitika pa mbewu pazinthu za metabolic zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mawonekedwe ake a insulin, monga, inulin, biguanides, flavonoids, nthaka. Kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika ndikulimbikitsa njira za metabolic, komanso kuyendetsa gawo la shuga kulowa mu khungu.
Zomera zambiri zimakhala ndi ma antioxidants omwe amateteza maselo kuti asawonongeke ndi ma radicals aulere omwe amapanga pamene glucose wamagazi akukwera. Ma antioxidants amatha kuteteza mitsempha yamagazi ndi ma cell amanjenje poletsa kukula kwa zovuta za shuga.
Phytotherapy ya shuga imachitika ndi zotere:
- Chepetsani kukana kwa insulini ndikuphatikiza insulin ndi ma receptors: tsamba la bay, muzu wa ginseng, muzu wa ginger, saber ndi arnica.
- Zomwe zili ndi inulin: burdock, Yerusalemu artichoke, dandelion ndi chicory. Inulin yambiri pamizu ya mbewuzi. Inulin imakulitsa chidwi cha insulini ndikuchotsa glucose owonjezera.
- Kubwezeretsa ntchito ya pancreatic: mbewu za fulakesi, masamba a mtedza.
- Tetezani insulini kuti isawonongedwe: nyemba za masamba, galega, buliberries.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukulitsa chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukana kwa zovuta, gwiritsani ntchito Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus, licorice muzu ndi Schisandra.
Kusintha ntchito ya impso ndi imathandizira kuthetsedwa kwa glucose owonjezera mumkodzo, tsamba la kiranberi, knotweed, ma hatchi ndi masamba a birch amapangidwa.
Momwe mungachepetse shuga ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi?
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi kumathandizira kukulitsa ntchito yogwira ntchito komanso kupirira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, komanso kukonza magazi kutuluka kwa minofu ndikuthandizira njira zambiri za metabolic. Kuphatikizidwa kosankhidwa bwino kumathandizira kutentha kwa shuga, kuchepetsa mseru wa glycemia.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti kuyerekeza masewera olimbitsa thupi mu shuga mellitus kumawonjezera mphamvu ya insulin mankhwala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala antidiabetic, omwe amachepetsa mlingo ndikupewa kukula kwa zotsatira zoyipa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito.
Odwala olimbitsa thupi ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa odwala onenepa kwambiri, chifukwa amatha kuthandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kagayidwe kachakudya kazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga.
Ndi shuga yochepa kwambiri, zolimbitsa thupi zimawonetsedwa molingana ndi malamulo awa:
- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimachitika m'magulu onse a minofu.
- Kusunthaku kumachitika ndi matalikidwe akulu.
- Kutalika kwa ntchito kumayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso kwapakati.
- Gwiritsani ntchito zolimbitsa thupi.
- Kutalika kwa phunziroli ndi kuyambira mphindi 30 mpaka 45.
- Kuphwanya pakati pa masewera olimbitsa thupi mphindi 1-2.
- Kumayambiriro kwamakalasi, konzekerani - mphindi 5, kumapeto - masewera olimbitsa thupi kuphatikiza masewera olimbitsa thupi - mphindi 7.
Medical dosed kuyenda, kuyambira 2 mpaka 5 km, masewera, kusambira, kuthamanga, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga ochulukirapo, katundu wochepa amawonetsedwa kutalika kosaposa mphindi 20.
Milandu yayikulu ya matendawa, amatsogozedwa ndi mkhalidwe wamtima wamtima, odwala oterewa amawonetsedwa makamaka olimbitsa thupi osavuta kuposa mphindi 15. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a shuga sikulimbikitsidwa kuti matenda awonongeke, kuchepetsa thupi.
Chithandizo chotere sichinapangidwe kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi, zovuta za matenda oopsa, matenda amtima, chifukwa cha zovuta m'magazi ndi impso, komanso kukula kwa mitsempha ndikupanga phazi la matenda ashuga. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuwuzani njira zina zochepetsera shuga.
