Insulin ndi mahomoni apachirengedwe omwe amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'thupi. Ndi zinthu izi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala ndi shuga wokwanira, womwe umapezanso mphamvu, komanso umadyetsa minyewa yaubongo.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga, omwe amakakamizidwa kuti atenge jakisoni ngati jakisoni, posakhalitsa amaganiza za insulin, mankhwala omwe amasiyana ndi ena, komanso momwe ma analogu a mahomoni okhudzana amakhudzira thanzi la munthu komanso mphamvu ya ziwalo ndi machitidwe.
Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin
Insulin ndi mankhwala ofunikira. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga sangathe kuchita popanda chithandizochi. Mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amachititsa odwala matenda ashuga kukhala osiyanasiyana.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasiyana pazinthu zambiri:
- Kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa;
- Source (kupanga insulini kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito anthu ndi nyama);
- Kukhalapo kwa zigawo zothandizira;
- Yogwira pophika zinthu;
- PH yankho;
- Mwayi wotheka kuphatikiza mankhwala angapo nthawi imodzi. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuphatikiza insulin yochepa komanso yayitali kwa mitundu ina yazithandizo.
Mdziko lapansi chaka chilichonse, makampani opanga mankhwala opangira mankhwala amapanga kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa "mafupa" opanga ". Opanga insulin ku Russia athandizanso kuti ntchitoyi ipangidwe.
Magwero a Hormone
Sikuti aliyense amadziwa zomwe insulin imapangidwira odwala matenda ashuga, ndipo komwe gwero lamankhwala lofunika kwambirili ndilosangalatsa.
Ukadaulo wamakono wopanga insulin imagwiritsa ntchito magawo awiri:
- Nyama. Mankhwalawa amapezeka pochotsa zikopa za ng'ombe (zochepa nthawi zambiri), komanso nkhumba. Bovine insulin ili ndi ma amino acid ochulukirapo atatu "owonjezera", omwe ndi achilendo pakupanga kwawo komanso kwa anthu. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa kulimbana kosagwirizana konsekonse. Pul insulin imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mahomoni amunthu ndi amino acid imodzi yokha, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yotetezeka kwambiri. Kutengera momwe insulin imapangidwira, momwe zotsukira zimayeretsedwera, kuchuluka kwa kuzindikira kwa thupi ndi munthu kumadalira;
- Zofananira za anthu. Zinthu zomwe zili mgululi zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waluso. Makampani apamwamba opanga zamankhwala akhazikitsa kuti ma insulin apange ma bacteria chifukwa cha mankhwala. Njira za kusintha kwa Enzymatic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kupeza zinthu zamafuta azisoni. Tekinoloje ina imaphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito njira zatsopano pamakina opanga ma genetic kuti apange nyimbo zapadera za DNA zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi insulin.
Munalandira bwanji insulin: zoyesera zoyambirira za akatswiri azamankhwala
Mankhwala omwe amapezeka kuchokera kwazinyama amatengedwa ngati mankhwala opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wakale. Mankhwala amawonedwa ngati abwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kusakwanira koyeretsa kwotsiriza. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lomaliza, insulini, ngakhale kuyambitsa matenda oopsa, idakhala "chozizwitsa cha mankhwala" chomwe chimapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu omwe amadalira insulin.
Mankhwala a zoyamba kutulutsa nawonso amaloledwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ma proinsulin. Jakisoni wa mahomoni anali wolekeredwa makamaka ndi ana ndi okalamba. Popita nthawi, kuyipitsidwa kumeneku (proinsulin) kunachotsedwa ndikuyeretsa kwathunthu kwamapangidwe. Bovine insulin idasiyidwa kwathunthu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa.
Zomwe insulin imapangidwa: zofunika kwambiri za nuances
Mu njira zamakono zothandizira odwala, mitundu yonse iwiri ya insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito: yanyama ndi chibadwa cha anthu. Zochitika zaposachedwa zimatipatsa mwayi wopanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri.
M'mbuyomu, insulini ikhoza kukhala ndi zosafunika zingapo zoyipa:
- Proinsulin;
- Glucagon;
- Somatostatin;
- Zigawo zamapuloteni;
- Mapangidwe a polypeptide.
M'mbuyomu, "zowonjezera" zoterezi zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu, makamaka kwa odwala omwe amakakamizidwa kumwa Mlingo waukulu wa mankhwalawo.
Mankhwala apamwamba ndiopanda zodetsa zosafunikira. Ngati tilingalira za insulin yakuchokera kwa nyama, chabwino kwambiri ndi chinthu chokhacho, chomwe chimapangidwa ndikupanga "nsonga" ya chinthu chamafuta.
Kutalika kwa pharmacological kwenikweni
Kupanga kwa mankhwala a mahomoni kwakhazikitsidwa m'njira zingapo nthawi imodzi. Kutengera momwe insulin imapangidwira, kutalika kwa zochita zake kudzadalira.
Mitundu yotsatirayi yamankhwala imasiyanitsidwa:
- Ndi ultrashort kwenikweni;
- Zochita zazifupi;
- Kutalika kwa nthawi;
- Kutalika kwapakati;
- Kuchita motalika;
- Mtundu wophatikizika.
Kukonzekera kwa Ultrashort
Oimira ena pagululi: Lizpro ndi Aspart. Mu embodiment yoyamba, insulini imapangidwa ndi njira yokonzanso zotsalira za amino acid mu mahomoni (tikulankhula za lysine ndi proline). Chifukwa chake, popanga, chiwopsezo cha hexamers chimachepetsedwa. Chifukwa chakuti insulin yotere imayamba kugwa monomers mwachangu, njira yochotsa mankhwalawa sikuyenda limodzi ndi zovuta komanso zoyipa.
Aspart amapangidwa mofananamo. Kusiyana kokhako ndikuti amino acid proline imasinthidwa ndi aspartic acid. Mankhwala amaphulika mwachangu mthupi la munthu kukhala ma mamolekyulu angapo osavuta, amalowetsedwa m'magazi.
Mankhwala ochepera
Ma insulin omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule amaimiridwa ndi njira zotsalira. Amapangidwira makamaka jakisoni wansanja. Nthawi zina, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyendetsera imaloledwa, koma ndi adokotala okha omwe amatha kupanga chisankho.
Mankhwala amayamba "kugwira ntchito" pakatha mphindi 15 - 25. Kuchuluka kwazinthu zofunikira m'thupi zimawonedwa patatha maola 2 mpaka 2,5 pambuyo pa jakisoni.
Mwambiri, mankhwalawa amakhudza thupi la wodwalayo pafupifupi maola 6. Insulin yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala matenda ashuga pachipatala. Amakulolani kuti mutulutsire munthu msanga mu vuto la hyperglycemia, diabetes kapena ora.
Insulin Yapakatikati
Mankhwala pang'onopang'ono amalowa m'magazi. Insulin imapezeka molingana ndi chiwembu chokhazikika, koma pamapeto omaliza, kapangidwe kake kamakhala bwino. Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya hypoglycemic, zinthu zina zokulirapo zimaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe - zinc kapena protamine. Nthawi zambiri, insulin imaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a kuyimitsidwa.
Kuchita insulin nthawi yayitali
Ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri azachipatala mpaka pano. Chithandizo chotchuka kwambiri ndi Glargin. Wopanga sanabise zomwe insulin yaumunthu imapangidwira odwala matenda ashuga. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wobwereza wa DNA, ndizotheka kupanga chidziwitso chofananira cha mahomoni omwe amapanga kapamba wa munthu wathanzi.
Kuti mupeze chinthu chomaliza, kusintha kwakukulu kwa molekyulu ya mahomoni kumachitika. Sinthani katsitsumzukwa ndi glycine, ndikuwonjezera zotsalira za arginine. Mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza machitidwe a comatose. Amangolembedwa pang'onopang'ono.
Udindo wa olandira
Ndizosatheka kulingalira kupanga mankhwala aliwonse a pharmacological, makamaka insulin, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zina zapadera.
Malinga ndi magulu awo, zowonjezera zonse za mankhwala okhala ndi insulin zitha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- Zinthu zomwe zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa;
- Zida zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- Acid okhazikika.
Opititsa patsogolo
Pazifukwa zothandizira munthu wokhala naye kunja, nthawi yodziwika ndi wodwala imathandizidwa ndi mankhwala othandizira kuti athetse yankho la insulin.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
- Protafan;
- Insuman basal;
- NPH;
- Humulin;
- Matepi;
- Mono-tard;
- Humulin-zinc.
Zida zothandizira
Mankhwala othandizira ena amatithandizanso kukhala ndi moyo wa alumali. Kukhalapo kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumateteza kukula kwa ma virus. Zinthu izi mwa chilengedwe chake ndi zoteteza zomwe sizimakhudzanso ntchito ya mankhwalawo.
Mankhwala othandizira odziwika bwino kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga insulin:
- Metacresol;
- Phenol;
- Parabens
Pa mankhwala aliwonse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe ali ndizofunikira. Kulumikizana kwawo wina ndi mnzake ndizofunikira mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimaphunziridwa pasadakhale. Chofunikira chachikulu ndikuti mankhwala osungira sayenera kuphwanya zochita za mankhwala.
Kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri komanso kosankhidwa mosamala kumakupatsani mwayi wosakhalitsa wosapanganika kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kupangira jakisoni wamkati kapena wofundira popanda kupatutsira tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamavuto owopsa pakakhala nthawi yopanda jakisoni.
Olimbitsa
Njira iliyonse yothetsera vutoli iyenera kukhala ndi pH yokhazikika ndipo musasinthe pakapita nthawi. Olimbitsa thupi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuti ateteze mankhwalawo kuti achulukane acidity.
Pazifukwa zamajekeseni, ma phosphates amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ngati insulin ikuphatikizidwa ndi zinc, olimbitsa sagwiritsidwa ntchito, popeza zitsulozi zokha zimakhala ngati zolimba za acidity yankho.
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi antimicrobial zigawo, olimbitsa sayenera kulowa pazomwe zimachitika ndi chinthu chokhacho.
Ntchito ya insulin sikuti kungosunga shuga wokwanira m'magazi a odwala matenda ashuga, koma mahomoni sayeneranso kukhala owopsa ku ziwalo zina, m'thupi la munthu.
Kodi insulin imatulutsa chiyani?
Pokonzekera koyamba ndi insulin mu 1 ml yankho limakhala 1 UNIT yokha. Ndi nthawi yokhayo yomwe kuchuluka kwa chidwi kumawonjezeka. M'gawo la Russian Federation, mabotolo okhala ndi zisonyezo - U-40 kapena 40 mayunitsi / ml ndiofala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mu 1 ml yankho limakhazikika 40 PISCES.
Ma syringe amakono amakwaniritsidwa ndi kuwerengera komwe kumaganiziridwa bwino, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mupeze mlingo wofunikira, kupewa chiopsezo cha bongo losayembekezereka. Malingaliro onse okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma syringe ndi calibration amafotokozedwa ndi dokotala, ndikusankha mankhwalawa kwa odwala matenda ashuga koyamba kapena panthawi yakukonzanso kwa mankhwala akale.
