Choyambitsa chachikulu cha kufa ndi matenda ashuga ndi mtima ndi mtima wam'mimba. Amakhala pafupifupi 82%, ndipo pakati pawo gawo lalikulu kwambiri ndi kuphwanya malamulo.
Nthawi ya vuto la mtima kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndiwowonjezereka, kukula kwa kulephera kwa mtima, kumangidwa kwa mtima, kupindika mtima ndi kukhazikika kwa mtima.
Potere, kudalira kwa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya m'magazi a matenda ashuga okhudzana ndi shuga komanso kuchuluka kwa kuphwanya mafuta kagayidwe kamapezeka.
Zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi mwa odwala matenda a shuga
Cholinga cha matenda amtima chimachulukirachulukira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ngakhale m'magulu omwe ali ndi kulekerera kwa carbohydrate, ndiye kuti, ndi prediabetes. Izi zimayenderana ndi gawo la insulin mu mafuta kagayidwe. Kuphatikiza kuwonjezera shuga wamagazi, kuchepa kwa insulin kumayambitsa lipolysis ndikupanga matupi a ketone.
Nthawi yomweyo, mulingo wa triglycerides m'magazi umakwera, kuchuluka kwamafuta acid m'magazi. Choyimira chachiwiri ndikuwonjezereka kwa magazi, kupanga mapangidwe amwazi m'matumbo. Kuchuluka kwa glucose kumathandizira kupangidwa kwa mapuloteni a glycosylated, kulumikizana kwake ndi hemoglobin kumasokoneza kutumiza kwa oksijeni ku minofu, yomwe imakulitsa hypoxia.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, ngakhale uchulukane kwambiri wa insulin m'magazi ndi hyperglycemia, kumasulidwa kwa odana ndi insulin kumawonjezeka. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi somatotropin. Imawonjezera kugawanika kwa minofu yosalala ya minyewa ndi kulowa kwa mafuta mkati mwawo.
Atherosclerosis imachitikanso ndi zinthu zotere;
- Kunenepa kwambiri
- Matenda oopsa.
- Kusuta.
Maonekedwe a protein mu mkodzo ndi chizindikiro chosavomerezeka cha matenda amtima ndi matenda ashuga.
Matenda a shuga osapweteka a myocardial
Myocardial infaration mu shuga imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mawonedwe azachipatala. Amayamba ndi nthawi yayitali matenda a shuga, ndipo mwina sipangakhale chiwonetsero cha matenda a mtima (CHD). Ischemia yopanda ululu yotere imayamba kukhala "yobisika", kugunda kwamtima ndi matenda ashuga.
Zomwe zimayambitsa maphunzirowa zitha kukhala kufalikira kwa zotupa za mtima kumitsekedwe yaying'ono mkati mwa mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azisokonezeka komanso mawonekedwe a ischemia ndi vuto la kusowa kwa magazi m'thupi. Njira za Dystrophic zimachepetsa mphamvu ya zolowa zolowa mu minofu ya mtima.
Kutupa komweko kwa ma capillaries ang'onoang'ono kumapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino (zomwe zimadutsa), zomwe zimayambitsa kubwereza kwa mtima, aneurysm ndi kupasuka kwa mtima.
Mu matenda a shuga a mellitus ndi myocardial infaration, njira yopweteka ngati imeneyi imapangitsa kuti adziwe mochedwa, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kufa kwa odwala. Izi ndizowopsa makamaka ndikubwereza mtima pafupipafupi, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti myocardial infarction ndi matenda a shuga zizikhala zofanana nthawi zonse:
- Kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwiya zazing'ono mkati mwa minofu yamtima.
- Sinthani mu luso la coagulation ndi chizolowezi cha thrombosis.
- Kusintha mwadzidzidzi m'magazi a shuga - odwala matenda a shuga.
Mothandizidwa ndi matenda ashuga, bongo wa insulin, komanso hypoglycemia yomwe imayenderana, amachititsa kuti ma catecholamine atenge magazi m'magazi a adrenal.
Pansi pa zochita zawo, zotengera zimakhala za spasmodic, kugunda kwa mtima kumawonjezeka.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwopsa kwa matenda a mtima mu shuga
Ndi matenda a mtima, kuphatikiza pambuyo pa vuto la mtima, matenda ashuga, kusakhazikika kwa mtima, chotupa chofala m'mitsempha yamtima, kumapita patsogolo mwachangu. Kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta kuchita opaleshoni ya mtima. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda a shuga ayenera kuyamba kuchiza matenda amtima mapema.
Ndipo dongosolo loyeserera kwa odwala oterewa limaphatikizapo mayeso opsinjika nthawi ya ECG, kuwunikira ma rhy ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ECG masana. Izi zikuwonetsedwa makamaka ndi kusuta fodya, kunenepa kwambiri m'mimba, matenda oopsa, kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi, ndikuchepetsa lipoproteins yapamwamba.
Pakuchitika kwa myocardial infarction, komanso shuga mellitus, cholowa chamtsogolo chimatenga gawo. Chifukwa chake, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akapezeka kuti ali ndi abale ake omwe adayamba kudwala matenda osokoneza bongo, angina osakhazikika, kapena mitundu ina yamatenda a mtima, amamuwuza kuti ali pachiwopsezo chowopsa cha masoka a mtima.
Kuphatikiza apo, zina zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa matenda oopsa a mtima kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi:
- Peripheral ochepa angiopathy, endarteritis obliterans, vasculitis.
- Matenda a shuga a retinopathy
- Matenda a shuga ndi nephropathy.
- Mavuto Akukula
- Dyslipidemia
Chithandizo cha myocardial infarction ndi shuga
Chofunikira kwambiri chodziwikitsa kukula kwa vuto la mtima mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndikukhazikika kwa mipherezero ya glycemic. Nthawi yomweyo, amayesetsa kuti pasakhale kuchuluka kwa shuga kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 7.8 mmol / L, kulola kuwonjezeka kufika pa 10. Kutsika m'munsi mwa 4 kapena 5 mmol / L sikulimbikitsidwa.
Odwala amasonyezedwa chithandizo cha insulin osati mtundu wa 1 shuga wokha, komanso hyperglycemia yopitilira 10 mmol / l, zakudya za makolo, komanso vuto lalikulu. Ngati odwala adalandira chithandizo chamankhwala a mapiritsi, mwachitsanzo, adatenga Metformin, ndipo ali ndi zizindikiro za kupindika, kulephera kwa mtima, kwambiri angina pectoris, ndiye kuti amasamutsidwanso ku insulin.
Insulin yogwira ntchito mwachidule imaperekedwa mosalekeza kudzera mu dontho limodzi ndi 5% shuga. Miyezo ya shuga imayesedwa ola lililonse. Ngati wodwalayo akudziwa, ndiye kuti akhoza kudya chakudya pamaziko olimbitsa insulin.
Kumwa mankhwala kuti muchepetse shuga ngati chithanso cham'madzi cham'magazi kuchokera ku sulfanylurea kapena gulu ladongo ndikotheka ndikuchotsa kwa zizindikiro za kusowa bwino kwa coronary coronary. Mankhwala monga Metformin, ogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, amachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la mtima komanso matenda a mtima, amatsutsana panthawi yovuta kwambiri.
Metformin simalola kuthamanga kwa glycemia, ndipo kayendetsedwe kake mu vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumabweretsa chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis.
Metformin imakhudzanso zoyipa zazitali zazomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi.
Nthawi yomweyo, umboni unapezeka kuti opaleshoni ya mtima ikangodutsa, mankhwala a metformin 850 amasintha hemodynamics ndikufupikitsa nthawi yochira pambuyo pochita opaleshoni.
Mayendedwe akulu a mankhwalawa amachokera m'mnyewa wamtima:
- Kusunga shuga wabwinobwino.
- Kutsitsa ndikukhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi pamlingo wa 130/80 mm Hg
- Kutsitsa magazi m'thupi.
- Kuchepetsa magazi anticoagulants
- Kukonzekera mtima kwa matenda a mtima
Zakudya pambuyo vuto la mtima odwala odwala matenda ashuga
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi pambuyo pa vuto la mtima ndi matenda a shuga zimatengera nthawi yamatendawa. Mu sabata yoyamba pambuyo poti pakubuka kwa myocardial infarction, chakudya chambiri chomwe mumakhala ndi msuzi wosenda masamba, masamba osenda, kupatula mbatata, chimanga, kupatula semolina ndi mpunga, akuwonetsedwa. Mchere sungagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Nyama yophika kapena nsomba yopanda msuzi imaloledwa, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a cutlets kapena nthenga za nyama. Mutha kudya tchizi chanyumba, amamu omwera ndi zakumwa zonona zamafuta ochepa. Kusuta, ma marinade, katundu wam'chitini, tchizi, khofi ndi chokoleti, tiyi wamphamvu ndi oletsedwa.
Sabata yachiwiri, mutha kupereka chakudya chosadulidwa, koma zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mchere, zonunkhira, zokazinga, zamzitini komanso zakudya zamafuta zimatsalira. Zakudya za nsomba ndi nyama saloledwa kudya mopitilira kamodzi patsiku, ndipo Navar ndi yoletsedwa. Mutha kuphika tchizi tchizi ndi casseroles, phala wophika, zukini, kaloti.
Gawo lachitatu la kuwonda limayambira m'mwezi umodzi, ndipo kudya kwa vuto la mtima nthawi imeneyi kuyenera kukhala kochepa kalori, madziwo amachepetsa lita imodzi patsiku, ndipo mchere sungakhale woposa 3 g.Mbale zolimbikitsidwa ndi zakudya zam'madzi komanso zakudya zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu: nyemba, nyanja kabichi, mtedza, mphodza.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kadyedwe pambuyo vuto la mtima:
- Chepetsani kudya kwa kalori.
- Pewani zakudya ndi mafuta m'thupi: nyama mafuta, offal, mafuta, nyama nyama, batala, wowawasa zonona, mafuta zonona.
- Pewani chakudya chosavuta: shuga, makeke, confectionery.
- Kanani cocoa, khofi, zonunkhira. Chepetsa chokoleti ndi tiyi.
- Chepetsani madzi ndi mchere.
- Simungathe kuphika chakudya.
Zakudya za odwala zimaphatikizapo mafuta a masamba, masamba ena kupatula mbatata, mbewu zonse zamphesa, zipatso zosaphatikizidwa, ndi zipatso. Ndikwabwino kuchepetsa nyama 1 nthawi tsiku 3-4 pa sabata. Nsomba zamafuta ochepa, tchizi chokoleti, kefir, yogati, mkaka wophika komanso yogati popanda zowonjezera amalimbikitsidwa ngati gwero la mapuloteni. Mutha kuphika omelet 1 nthawi patsiku.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya masamba abwino kwambiri momwe mungathere mu saladi okhala ndi masamba a masamba ndi zitsamba, mbale zoyambirira zimakonzedwa mu mawonekedwe a masamba. Zokongoletsa zitha kuphikidwa ndi masamba kapena zakudya zamasamba.
Kupititsa patsogolo kukoma kwa mbale, mandimu ndi phwetekere, viniga wa apulo cider amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muwonjezere mawonekedwe azakudya muzakudya, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chinangwa monga zowonjezera kumanga, tchizi cha kanyumba ndi zakumwa mkaka wowawasa.
Malangizo onse azakudya chamagulu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatiridwa, poganizira kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mafuta a nyama ndi nyama. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse thupi mukachuluka, chifukwa izi zimakhudza kwambiri matenda a shuga ndi matenda a mtima.
Mu kanema munkhaniyi, tinapitiliza kukulitsa pamitu yokhudza matenda a mtima mu shuga.
