Kutha kukhalabe ndi glucose yokhazikika m'magazi ndichinthu chofunikira, chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa thupi ngati chachikulu, ndipo nthawi zina chokhacho, chimapatsa mphamvu. Ntchito ya ubongo pamene kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndi kotsika kuposa 3 mmol / l ndipo pamwamba pa 30 mmol / l ndikasokonezeka, munthuyo amayamba kuzindikira.
Kuongolera shuga m'magazi kumadalira kuchuluka pakati pa kudya kwa glucose kuchokera ku chakudya ndi ntchito ya dongosolo la endocrine pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi mapangidwe ake. Insulin imachepetsa shuga, ndi glucagon, catecholamines, corticosteroids, mahomoni ogonana ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro amawonjezeka.
Zosintha pamawonekedwe a mahomoni m'thupi kapena kuperewera kwa m'thupi kumayambitsa matenda a metabolic, momwe minyewa, mitsempha, aimpso, chiwindi ndi m'mimba zimayambira.
Kodi thupi limasunga bwanji shuga?
Kuwongolera kwa glycemia (glucose wamagazi) kumatengera njira zingapo zathupi. Kuchulukaku kumachitika pambuyo pa chakudya, popeza ma carbohydrate otsika, omwe amaphatikizapo monosaccharides, amalowetsedwa m'magazi am'mimba ndi matumbo. Chifukwa chake, shuga ndi fructose amatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga atatha kudya.
Kwa chakudya chamagalasi ovuta, zochita za enzyme amylase, zomwe zimawaphwanya ma molekyulu a shuga, ndizofunikira. Disaccharides - lactose (kuchokera ku mkaka) ndi sucrose (zinthu zonse zokhala ndi shuga) zimawonongeka msanga, ndipo ma polysaccharides (wowuma, mapadi, pectin) amayamba kuchepa.
Mlingo wa glycemia umapangidwanso mwa kupangidwa kwa mamolekyulu a shuga kuchokera ku amino acid ndi glycerol, komanso lactic acid. Njira zoterezi zimachitika m'chiwindi komanso pang'ono mu impso. Glucose owonjezera amasinthidwa kukhala mafuta kapena glycogen kuti asungidwe.
Ndi shuga osakwanira, thupi limayamba kugwiritsa ntchito masitolo a glycogen ndi mafuta ochokera ku depot m'chiwindi, minofu ndi minyewa ya adipose.
Kutsika kwa glucose kumachitika ndi kutentha kwamphamvu, kulimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika. Itha kuphatikizidwanso ndi Mlingo waukulu wa insulin kapena mankhwala ena ochepetsa shuga, kudya kwambiri, kufa ndi njala.
Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatchedwa hyperglycemia ndipo kumachitika kawirikawiri ndikusowa kwa insulini, komanso ngati kulumikizana pakati pa ziwonetserozo ndi minyewa ya minofu, chiwindi kapena mafuta kumatha. Mukalandira chakudya chomwe chili ndi ma carbohydrate, insulin imamasulidwa mwachizolowezi kuti imvetsetse - kusamutsa mamolekyu a glucose m'maselo kuti akonzeke.
Mu matenda a shuga, izi sizichitika, ndipo glucose amayendabe m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga: kuchuluka ludzu, kukodza kwambiri, kulakalaka kudya, khungu loyipa, ndi kufooka. Zadziwika kuti kuphatikiza pa matenda a shuga, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhala m'mikhalidwe yotere:
- Kuchulukitsa kwa chithokomiro - chithokomiro.
- Matenda a adrenal gland ndi pituitary gland.
- Matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus.
- Matenda a kapamba.
- Matenda a autoimmune.
- Matenda a chiwindi ndi impso.
Kuphatikiza pa matenda, hyperglycemia imayamba chifukwa cha kusuta, kumwa zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, zakumwa zamphamvu, ma diuretics, mahomoni (estrogen, prenisone, thyroxine).
Mutha kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi glucometer kunyumba kapena mu labotale. Nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti mupereke magazi mukatha kudya kwa maola 8 muzakudya. Kafukufuku wololera wama glucose akuchitikanso kuti adziwe matenda a shuga omwe amakhala nawo.
Momwe mungakulitsire shuga?
Wodwala aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa momwe angasinthire shuga pamagazi ake, chifukwa izi zimatha kukhala zoopsa moyo, makamaka ngati nthawi imeneyo akuyendetsa galimoto kapena ali ndi makina aliwonse kuntchito.
Hypoglycemia imakhudzanso odwala osati odwala matenda a shuga, komanso matenda am'mimba.
Ndi njala yayitali, malo ogulitsira glycogen amatha, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa shuga m'magazi. Izi zitha kuchitika ndikudya kwamphamvu, kusala kudya kwachipembedzo kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kudula kwamasewera akatswiri othamanga, panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati.
Mwazi wotsika wamagazi umatha kukhala ndi chakudya chokhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic. Mikhalidwe yotereyi imadziwika ndi anthu omwe insulin imapangidwa kuchuluka. Mukatha kudya pambuyo pa ola limodzi, kufooka kwamphamvu kumayamba mu shuga, kufuna kudya maswiti, kumwa khofi kapena zakumwa zina za tonic.
Ndi matenda a shuga a shuga pamene akumamwa mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga m'magazi, makamaka ndi mankhwala a insulin, hypoglycemia imatha kuyambitsa:
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwakanthawi.
- Kulimbikira ntchito.
- Kumwa mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Mankhwala owonjezera omwe ali ndi lipoic acid, pentoxifylline, tetracycline, acetylsalicylic acid, cytostatics ndi beta-blockers.
Kuti muwonjezere shuga, mapiritsi a shuga, shuga wokhazikika, msuzi wokoma, uchi kapena kupanikizana ndizoyenera. Vutoli litatha, muyenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga pambuyo pamphindi 15 mpaka 15 kuti musadzabwerenso. Woopsa milandu, glucagon kutumikiridwa intramuscularly.
Kuchepetsa Mwazi ndi Magazi
Ngati hypoglycemia ikhoza kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo pomwa mafuta osavuta, kenako ndimagazi owonjezera, muyenera kusintha moyo wanu wonse kuti mukhale ndi shuga. Choyamba, zosintha ziyenera kukhala m'zakudya. Zakudya zopangidwa moyenera zimapangitsa kupewa shuga mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta za shuga.
Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga atatsata zakudya, ndiye kuti amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kuti achepetse shuga, kusintha matendawa, kuonetsetsa kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino ndikukhalabe ndi ntchito komanso amatha kugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa malingaliro pazakudya zamagulu onse, muyenera kukonza dongosolo lanu, chifukwa chidwi cha magulu amtundu wa zinthu ndizotheka, chifukwa chake chisankho chabwino ndikusunga buku lazakudya ndikusankha zoyenera, ndikuyang'ana kuwerengera kwa mita.
Malamulo ophatikizira zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi awa:
- Mafuta okwanira ayenera kugawidwa tsiku lililonse kwa zipatso zochulukirapo, pomwe Mlingo wina wina uyenera kukhala wopanda mchere.
- Zinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga wopanda shuga kapena zosinthidwa mosavuta ku glucose ziyenera kusiyidwa kwathunthu.
- Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza pazosankha zamafuta ndi michere yazomera, mafuta ochepa okhala ndi mapuloteni.
- Mafuta ayenera kukhala pafupifupi malita 1.5 patsiku, osaphatikiza maphunziro oyamba ndi zakumwa.
- Mchere umangokhala 6 g.
- Osafunsidwa ndi nyama yankhumba kuchokera ku nyama, nsomba, bowa, komanso zakudya zonse yokazinga ndi nyama yamafuta, mankhwala a mkaka.
Pofuna kuti musayambitse shuga, muyenera kukana shuga aliyense: beet, nzimbe, bulauni, maswiti, marshmallows, waffles, makeke, makeke ndi makeke. Zomwe zimaletsedwanso ndizogulitsa ufa. Maswiti a anthu odwala matenda ashuga amangololedwa ochepa kwambiri pa zotsekemera.
Mbewu zopanda mpunga, semolina, mbatata ndi pasitala sizimayikidwa, ndipo zotsalazo sizingadye mopitilira kamodzi patsiku. Zipatso ndi michere kuchokera kwa iwo ndizochepa, pomwe mphesa ndi nthochi, masiku ndi nkhuyu sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chakudya, monga mitundu yonse yazipatso zamapangidwe opangira mafakitale, ndipo mitundu yopanda acidic singakhale yoposa 100 g patsiku.
Muyenera kuyesa kudya masamba atsopano kapena owiritsa, osanadula mbatata zosenda. Ubwino wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndiwosakhazikika: zukini, kabichi, nkhaka, tsabola wobiriwira wobiriwira, tomato, nandolo zazing'ono ndi nyemba zobiriwira, bowa ndi biringanya. Zinthu monga kaloti, beets ndi maungu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma osapitirira kamodzi pa tsiku.
Mitundu yamafuta ochepa am'madzi ndi nsomba zam'madzi ndizoyenera monga gwero la mapuloteni, nyama imatha kukhala yochepa kwambiri pazosankha, ndipo mitundu yonse ya zakudya zam'chitini, nyama zosuta, zakudya zomalizidwa, ndi zakudya zam'madzi ziyenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.
Kusamalanso komweku kuyenera kuonedwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito misuzi yopangidwa ndi mafuta, ma marinade ndi zokometsera zonse m'matumba - popeza shuga akhoza kulowa nawo. Zakudya monga sopo msuzi, chimanga, tchipisi ndi zodyera, komanso chakudya chothamanga, siziphatikizidwa muzakudya zilizonse zathanzi.
Katundu wamkaka amaloledwa mafuta apakatikati, kirimu wowawasa ndi wowawasa sayenera kukhala ndi 15%, ndipo kanyumba tchizi 9% mafuta. Mutha kumwa zakumwa zo mkaka wowawasa, makamaka zopangidwa kunyumba popanda kuwonjezera shuga kapena zipatso. Amaloledwa kuphatikiza m'zakudya zamafuta ochepa kapena tchizi chofewa, kupatula ngati tchizi chokha.
Zothandiza kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi zinthu monga:
- Blueberries
- Yerusalemu artichoke.
- Chicory.
- Cinnamon ndi Ginger.
- Oat, buckwheat chinangwa, fiber.
- Mbewu za fulakesi
- Nyemba
- Walnuts.
Kuwongolera shuga
Pofuna kukhalabe ndi shuga mkati mwa malire omwe amakhazikitsidwa payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense (kutengera mtundu wa matenda ashuga), kuyang'anira nthawi zonse tsiku lonse kumafunika. Mukamamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo mapiritsi, makamaka ndi mankhwala a insulin, kuyeza m'mawa, maola awiri mutatha kudya chakudya chamasana, asanagone, komanso makamaka ndi glycemia wosakhazikika, amalimbikitsidwa.
Kulipira matenda a shuga kumathandizira kusintha njira zama metabolic komanso kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga, mtima wamatenda - kugunda kwamtima, stroko, kusokonekera kwa magazi, kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi mantha.
Kuti mukwaniritse izi, muyenera kutsatira malingaliro pazakudya ndi kumwa mankhwala, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 30 molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa maphunziro komanso kuopsa kwa vutolo. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuyenda koyenera, masewera olimbitsa thupi a shuga, kusambira, yoga akulimbikitsidwa.
M'pofunikanso kulabadira popewa kupsinjika. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito:
- Maphunziro a Autogenic.
- Kusinkhasinkha.
- Massage, Reflexology.
- Aromatherapy.
- Kulandila kwa zitsamba zoziziritsa kukhosi: chamomile, mankhwala a mandimu, timbewu tonunkhira, mamawort, valerian.
- Sinthani kugona, komwe sikuyenera kukhala kosakwana maola 8.
Kwa anthu ambiri, zinthu zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa zimathandizira kuti chidwi chathu chikhale ndi zokumana nazo zoipa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi m'njira yabwino.
