Kukula kudya kungakhale chizindikiritso choyambirira cha kuvutikira kwa mahomoni. Imayendera limodzi ndi matenda amtundu wa pituitary ndi adrenal, imadziwikika mu chithokomiro, kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni ogonana. Matenda amanjenje, kupsinjika, kupsinjika nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi kudya kwambiri.
Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kukula kwa chikhumbo chosalamulirika cha kudya. Polyphagy ndi vuto la kudya lomwe munthu, mosasamala kanthu za kudya, samapitilizabe kufuna kudya, samva kukhuta.
Chizindikiro ichi, limodzi ndi polydipsia (ludzu lowonjezereka) ndi polyuria (kutulutsa mkodzo kwambiri) nthawi zonse limakhalapo mu shuga mellitus, ndi wa gulu lodziwika bwino lomwe limawonetsa.
Njala ya matenda a shuga 1
Matenda a shuga ndi mawonekedwe a insulin omwe amadalira insulin amatuluka kwathunthu chifukwa cha insulin secretion. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya kapamba ndi kufa kwa khungu.
Kulakalaka kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambira matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mumakhala ndi njala ya matenda a shuga 1 ndi chifukwa chakuti ma cell sangathe kupeza kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Mukamadya, insulini simalowa m'magazi, motero glucose utatha kuchokera m'matumbo amakhalabe m'magazi, koma maselo amakhala ndi njala.
Chizindikiro cha kusowa kwa glucose m'matipi amalowa mkati mwa njala muubongo ndipo munthu amafunitsitsa kudya, ngakhale atadya kumene. Mu shuga mellitus, kuchepa kwa insulin sikulola kuti mafuta azikundana ndikusungidwa, chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuli ndi chidwi chambiri, matenda amtundu wa 1 amabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa thupi.
Zizindikiro zakukulira kudya zimaphatikizidwa ndi kufooka kwambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mphamvu ya zinthu (glucose) muubongo, yemwe sangakhalepo popanda iwo. Palinso kuwonjezereka kwa zizindikirozi ola limodzi mutatha kudya, kuwoneka kuti kugona ndi kufooka.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga m'mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito insulin, njira zambiri zochepetsera shuga wamagazi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kudya kosakonzekera kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin. Izi zimachitika ndi kupsinjika kwamthupi kapena m'maganizo, komanso zimatha kuchitika ndi nkhawa.
Kuphatikiza pa njala, odwala amadandaula za mawonekedwe:
- Kugwedezeka manja ndi minyewa yolunjika.
- Zosangalatsa pamtima.
- Kusanza, kusanza.
- Kuda nkhawa komanso kukwiya, zinawonjezera nkhawa.
- Kukula kufooka.
- Thukuta kwambiri.
Ndi hypoglycemia, monga chitetezo cha thupi, mahomoni opsinjika amalowa m'magazi - adrenaline, cortisol. Zowonjezera zake zimapatsa mantha komanso kulephera kudziletsa pakudya, chifukwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwambiri mdziko muno.
Nthawi yomweyo, zotsekemera zotere zimatha kupezekanso ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ngati izi zisanachitike, mulingo wake wakhala utakwezeka kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuwona koyenera kwa hypoglycemia kwa odwala kumatengera momwe thupi lawo lasinthira.
Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze njira zamankhwala, muyenera kuphunzirapo za shuga wamagazi.
Polyphagy mu mtundu 2 shuga
Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakulanso mthupi, koma njira yoperewera imayenderana ndi njira zina.
Matenda a shuga amapezeka motsutsana ndi kubadwa kwa pancreatic secretion ya mahomoni a insulin. Koma popeza kuthekera kwa kuchitapo kanthu kutayika, glucose amakhalabe m'magazi, ndipo sagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma cell.
Chifukwa chake, ndi mtundu wamtunduwu wa shuga, mumapezeka insulin yambiri komanso shuga m'magazi. Insulin yochulukirapo imatsogolera ku mfundo yoti mafuta amayikidwa kwambiri, kusweka kwawo ndikuchotseredwa kumachepetsedwa.
Kunenepa kwambiri ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga kumayendera limodzi, zomwe zimatsogolera pakukula kwa kusokonezeka kwamafuta ndi chakudya chamafuta. Chifukwa chake, kulakalaka kudya kwambiri komanso kudya kwambiri zomwe zimachitika kumapangitsa kuti thupi lisasinthe.
Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kuchepa thupi kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa insulin sensitivity, kuchepa kwa insulin kukaniza, komwe kumathandizira maphunziro a shuga. Hyperinsulinemia imakhudzanso kumverera kwodzaza mukatha kudya.
Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa thupi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta ake, kupansi kwa insulin kumawonjezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, likulu la njala mu hypothalamus limataya chidwi pakuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi omwe amachitika mutatha kudya.
Pankhaniyi, zotsatirazi ziyamba kuwoneka:
- Chizindikiro chokhudza kudya kumachitika pambuyo pake.
- Ngakhale chakudya chochuluka chikamadya, pakati penipeni pa njala simatumiza zizindikiritso pakatikati pake.
- Mu minofu ya adipose mothandizidwa ndi insulin, kupanga leptin wambiri kumayamba, komwe kumathandizanso kupezeka kwa mafuta.
Chithandizo cha kuchuluka kwa njala
Kuti muchepetse zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga, muyenera kusintha kalembedwe ndi zakudya. Nthawi zambiri, mumadya zakudya zosachepera 5-6 patsiku. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe sizimayambitsa kusintha kwadzidzidzi m'magazi a shuga, ndiko kuti, ndi index yotsika ya glycemic.
Izi zimaphatikizapo masamba onse obiriwira - zukini, broccoli, kabichi wamasamba, nkhaka, katsabola, parsley, tsabola wobiriwira wobiriwira. Zomwe zimathandizanso kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwatsopano kapena kuwongolera kwakanthawi.
Mwa zipatso ndi zipatso, otsika glycemic index mu currants, mandimu, yamatcheri, mphesa, plums, lingonberry, apricots. Mwa mbewu monga chimanga, othandiza kwambiri ndi balewheat ndi barele wa pearl, oatmeal. Mkate uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito tirigu wathunthu, ndi chinangwa, kuchokera ku ufa wa rye.
Kuphatikiza apo, mapuloteni amapezeka mu zakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga:
- Mitundu yamafuta ochepa a nkhuku, nkhukundembo, ng'ombe, ng'ombe
- Zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa kapena apakatikati - mafuta a pike, bream, Pike, safironi cod.
- Zopangira mkaka kupatula mafuta ophika wowawasa, kirimu ndi tchizi cha kanyumba ndizopamwamba kuposa mafuta 9%.
- Mapuloteni azamasamba ochokera ku mphodza, nandolo zobiriwira, nyemba zobiriwira.
Mafuta ophikira amasonkhezeredwa monga magwero amafuta, muthanso kuwonjezera batala pang'ono muzakudya zopangidwa kale.
Popewa kuthana ndi njala, muyenera kusiya zinthu monga shuga, ma bango, ma wavu, mpunga ndi semolina, ma cookie, granola, mkate woyera, pasitala, ma muffins, makeke, makeke, tchipisi, mbatata yosenda, dzungu lophika, masiku, chivwende, nkhuyu, mphesa, uchi, kupanikizana.
Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse calorie kudya chifukwa chophweka zamafuta ndi mafuta okwanira. Pazakudya zokhazokha, gwiritsani ntchito mapuloteni kapena masamba okha (ochokera masamba abwino). M'pofunikanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa misuzi, zinthu zopukutidwa, zokometsera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azilakalaka, asiye mowa.
Ndi kuchepa thupi pang'onopang'ono, konzekerani masiku osala - nyama, nsomba, kefir. Ndikothekanso kusala kudya kwakanthawi moyang'aniridwa ndi adokotala, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi.
Kuchepetsa chilimbikitso ndi mankhwala, Metformin 850 (Siofor) imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumakupatsani mwayi wochepetsa shuga wamagazi mwakuwonjezera mphamvu ya minyewa ya insulin. Ikatengedwa, kulemera kowonjezereka kumachepetsedwa ndipo njala imayendetsedwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito gulu latsopanoli la mankhwala opatsirana kumalumikizidwa ndi kuthekera kwawo pang'onopang'ono kutaya pambuyo pake chakudya. Mankhwala a Bayeta ndi Victoza amathandizidwa ndi insulin kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku. Pali malingaliro ofuna kugwiritsa ntchito Bayeta ola limodzi asanadye chakudya chambiri kuti tipewe kususuka.
Kwa matenda a shuga a 2, tikulimbikitsidwanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochokera ku gulu lachiwiri la ma insretin, DPP-4 inhibitors, kuti muzilamulira pakudya musanatenge Siofor. Izi zikuphatikizapo Januvius, Ongliza, Galvus. Amathandizira kukwanitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndikusintha momwe odwala amadya. Kanema yemwe ali munkhaniyi cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza wodwala matenda ashuga kulemera.
