Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amalembetsedwa ndi endocrinologist yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga akuchulukira chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe matendawa amawonekera, ngakhale matenda a shuga amatengera kapena ayi. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi mitundu yanji ya matendawa yomwe ilipo.
Mitundu ya matenda ashuga
Gulu la WHO limasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yamatenda: kudwala-insulin- (mtundu I) komanso matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin (mtundu II). Mtundu woyamba umakhala muzochitikazo pamene insulin siyipangidwa ndi maselo a pancreatic kapena kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi ochepa kwambiri. Pafupifupi 15-20% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi matenda amtunduwu.
Mwa odwala ambiri, insulin imapangidwa m'thupi, koma maselo sawazindikira. Awa ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, momwe mathupi amthupi sangagwiritse ntchito shuga omwe amalowa m'magazi. Sisinthidwa mphamvu.
Njira zopezera matendawa
Makina enieni a matenda amayamba. Koma madotolo amatchula gulu la zinthu, pamomwe chiopsezo cha matenda amtundu wa endocrine chikuwonjezereka:
- kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kena kapamba;
- kunenepa
- kagayidwe kachakudya matenda;
- kupsinjika
- matenda opatsirana;
- ntchito zochepa;
- chibadwa.
Ana omwe makolo awo amadwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi izi. Koma matenda obadwa nawo samawonekera mwa aliyense. Kuwonongeka kwa kupezeka kwake kumachulukana ndikuphatikiza pazinthu zingapo zowopsa.
Matenda a shuga a insulin
Matenda a Type I amakula mwa achinyamata: ana ndi achinyamata. Makanda omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo cha matenda a shuga amatha kubereka makolo athanzi. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi zambiri chibadwidwe cha majini chimafalikira kudzera m'badwo. Komanso, chiopsezo chotenga matendawa kwa bambo ndichipamwamba kuposa mayi.
Achibale ambiri akamadwala matenda omwe amadalira insulin, m'pamenenso mwana amakhala nawo. Ngati kholo limodzi lili ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala nalo mwa mwana ndi pafupifupi 4-5%: ndi bambo wodwala - 9%, amayi - 3%. Ngati matendawa apezeka mwa makolo onse awiri, ndiye kuti kukula kwake kwa mwana malinga ndi mtundu woyamba ndi 21%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana m'modzi mwa ana asanu okha ndi amene amakhala ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin.
Matenda amtunduwu amapatsirana ngakhale pokhapokha ngati palibe zoopsa. Ngati zikutsimikiziridwa kuti chibadwa cha maselo a beta omwe ali ndi vuto lopanga insulin ndi ochepa, kapena kulibe, ndiye kuti mungatsatire ngakhale mutatsata zakudya ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino, cholowa sichinganyengedwe.
Kuthekera kwa matenda m'mapasa ofanana, ngati wachiwiri amapezeka ndi matenda omwe amadalira insulin, ndi 50%. Matendawa amapezeka ndi achinyamata. Ngati asanakhale zaka 30, ndiye kuti mutha kudekha. Pambuyo pake, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1 samachitika.
Kupsinjika, matenda opatsirana, kuwonongeka kwa kapamba kumatha kuyambitsa matendawa. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 zimatha kukhala matenda opatsirana kwa ana: rubella, mumps, chikuku, chikuku.
Kupita patsogolo kwa mitundu yamatendawa, ma virus amatulutsa mapuloteni omwe amafanana ndi maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin. Thupi limatulutsa ma antibodies omwe amatha kuchotsa ma protein a virus. Koma amawononga ma cell omwe amapanga insulin.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti si mwana aliyense yemwe adzadwala matenda a shuga atadwala. Koma ngati makolo a amayi kapena abambo anali odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, ndiye kuti mwayi wa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa mwana ukuwonjezeka.
Matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin
Nthawi zambiri, ma endocrinologists amazindikira matenda amtundu II. Kusazindikira maselo kwa insulini yopanga ndi chibadwa. Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimadzetsa ziyenera kukumbukiridwa.
Kuthekera kwa matenda ashuga kumafika 40% ngati m'modzi mwa makolo adwala. Ngati makolo onse amadziwa bwino matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti mwana atha kukhala ndi matenda omwe amatha 70%. Amapasa ofanana, matendawa amawonekanso 60% ya milandu, amapasa ofanana - mu 30%.
Kupeza kuthekera kwa kufala kwa matendawa kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu, ziyenera kumvetsedwa kuti ngakhale ndi chibadwa chamtsogolo, ndizotheka kupewa mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa. Vutoli limakulirakulira chifukwa izi ndi matenda aanthu azaka zapenshoni komanso zopumira. Ndiye kuti, imayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, mawonetsedwe oyamba amapita osadziwika. Anthu amatembenukira ku zizindikilo ngakhale mkhalidwe utakula.
Nthawi yomweyo, anthu amayamba kudwala endocrinologist atakwanitsa zaka 45. Chifukwa chake, pakati mwazomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa sikuti kumatulutsa kudzera m'magazi, koma zotsatira zoyipa zoyambitsa matenda. Mukamatsatira malamulo okhazikitsidwa, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga amatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.
Kupewa matenda
Popeza timvetsetsa momwe matenda a shuga amathandizidwira, odwala amadziwa kuti ali ndi mwayi wopewa kuchitika. Zowona, izi zimangogwira mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga okha. Ndi chibadwa chovuta, anthu ayenera kuwunika thanzi lawo komanso kulemera kwawo. Njira yothandizira zolimbitsa thupi ndiyofunika kwambiri. Kupatula apo, katundu wosankhidwa bwino amatha kulipirira gawo la insulin chitetezo cha maselo.
Njira zodzitetezera pakukula kwa matendawa ndi monga:
- kukana chakudya cham'mimba chofulumira;
- kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta olowa mthupi;
- kuchuluka kwa ntchito;
- kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mchere;
- kuyeserera pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza kuyang'ana magazi, kuchita mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga, kusanthula kwa glycosylated hemoglobin.
Ndikofunikira kukana kokha kuchokera ku chakudya chambiri: maswiti, masikono, shuga woyengedwa. Amatha kudya michere yambiri, nthawi yakusokonekera yomwe thupi limayenda munsito, ndikofunikira m'mawa. Kudya kwawo kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi silimakhala ndi zochuluka zilizonse; magwiridwe antchito a kapamba amangochita chidwi.
Ngakhale kuti matenda ashuga amaonedwa kuti ndi matenda obadwa nawo, ndizowona kuti kupewa kukula kapena kuchedwetsa nthawi yoyambira.
